Contrasting Geomorphic and Stratigraphic Responses to Normal Fault Development During Single and Multi-Phase Rifting

Understanding the impact of tectonics on surface processes and the resultant stratigraphic evolution in multi-phase rifts is challenging, as patterns of erosion and deposition related to older phases of extension are overprinted by the subsequent extensional phases. In this study, we use a one-way coupled numerical modelling approach between a tectonic and a surface processes model to investigate topographic evolution, erosion and basin stratigraphy during single and multi-phase rifting. We compare the results from the single and the multi-phase rift experiments for a 5 Myr period during which they experience equal amounts of extension, but with the multi-phase experiment experiencing fault topography inherited from a previous phase of extension. Our results demonstrate a very dynamic evolution of the drainage network that occurs in response to fault growth and linkage and to depocentre overfilling and overspilling. We observe profound differences between topographic and depocenter development during single and multi-phase rifting with implications for sedimentary facies architecture. Our quantitative approach, enables us to better understand the impact of changing extension direction on the distribution of sediment source areas and the syn-rift stratigraphic development through time and space.

From Lula to Bolsonaro: The Crisis of Neodevelopmentalism in Brazil

Examination of the rise of Bolsonaro in Brazil shows that, since 2013, neodevelopmentalism has been shattered in all its dimensions—a true crisis of hegemony that has led to a reconfiguration of power relations and the end of the state cycle that began in 1988. Calculating the depth of the collapse produced in the previous phase is essential in reflecting on the current situation. Un análisis del ascenso de Bolsonaro en Brasil muestra cómo, a partir de 2013, el neodesarrollismo se ha resquebrajado en todas sus dimensiones—una verdadera crisis de hegemonía que ha llevado a una reconfiguración de las relaciones de fuerza y al cierre del ciclo estatal comenzado en 1988. Dimensionar la profundidad del quiebre que se ha producido en la etapa anterior es una tarea fundamental para poder reflexionar sobre la situación actual.

Comparative effectiveness and safety of homologous two-dose ChAdOx1 versus heterologous vaccination with ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2: a cohort analysis

Small trials have suggested that heterologous vaccination with first-dose ChAdOx1 and second-dose BNT162b2 may generate a better immune response than homologous vaccination with two doses of ChAdOx1. We used linked data from Catalonia (Spain), where those aged <60 who received a first dose of ChAdOx1 could choose between ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 for their second dose. Comparable cohorts were obtained after exact-matching 14,325/17,849 (80.3%) people receiving heterologous vaccination to 14,325/149,386 (9.6%) receiving homologous vaccination by age, sex, region, and date of second dose. Of these, 238 (1.7%) in the heterologous and 389 (2.7%) in the homologous groups developed COVID-19 between 1st June 2021 and 11th October 2021. The resulting hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 0.61 [ 0.52-0.71 ], favouring heterologous vaccination, with a Number Needed to Treat of 94.9 [ 71.8 - 139.8 ]. The two groups had similar testing rates and safety outcomes. Sensitivity and negative control outcome analyses confirmed these findings. In conclusion, we demonstrate that a heterologous vaccination schedule with ChAdOx1 followed by BNT162b2 was more efficacious than and similarly safe to homologous vaccination with two doses of ChAdOx1. Most of the infections in our study occurred when Delta was the predominant SARS-CoV-2 variant in Spain. These data agree with previous phase 2 randomised trials.

Export Technological Sophistication of China: Measurement and Impact Factor

What matters for China’s future growth is not the volume of exports, but whether China will continue to enhance the export competitiveness of high-tech products. Using the export data of 25 countries from 1998 to 2019, this paper measures the export technological sophistication of machinery and transport equipment and constructs an empirical model to study the impact factors of export technological sophistication of machinery and transport equipment in China. The results show that the export technological sophistication is not high, although the export volume of machinery and transportation equipment is large. FDI, human capital, and the previous phase of export technological sophistication have a significant positive effect on the technological sophistication of export; however, the abundant natural resource has a significant negative effect. Finally, some countermeasures and suggestions are put forward based on the empirical results.

Evolución de la atención, concentración y rendimiento académico tras una intervención basada en descansos activos

El objetivo principal de la investigación ha sido analizar la evolución de la atención y concentración en jóvenes estudiantes, tras la implementación de un programa basado en descansos activos o Activity Breaks en la asignatura de Lengua Castellana y Literatura. La muestra, compuesta por 31 estudiantes, 14 chicas y 17 chicos, del primer curso de la Enseñanza Secundaria Obligatoria (edad media 12.13 años), se dividió en dos grupo clase: grupo control y grupo experimental. La intervención, de 7 semanas, implementada durante las lecciones en el aula, permitió aumentar la cantidad de actividad física diaria. Mediante el instrumento de medida “Test de atención D2”, se midió la atención y la concentración, y a través de un texto dictado el rendimiento ortográfico, los datos se recogieron tanto en la fase previa, como tras la intervención. Los resultados indican un aumento estadísticamente significativo tanto en la variable atención como en la variable concentración en el grupo experimental. En cuanto a los contenidos relativos a Lengua Castellana y Literatura, ortografía, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. The main objective of the research has been to study the evolution of attention and concentration after the implementation of a programme based on Activity Breaks in the subject Spanish Language and Literature. The sample, formed by 31 students, 14 girls and 17 boys, from the first course o Compulsory Secondary Education (average age 12.13 years), was divided into two class groups, control group and experimental group. The intervention, of 7 weeks, implemented during the lessons in the classroom, allowed the amount of daily physical activity to be increased. By the measurement instrument “Attention Test D2” attention and concentration and by the text dictated spelling performance was measured, data was collected in the previous phase and after the intervention. The results indicate a statically significant increase in attention and concentration variable in experiential group. Regarding the Spanish Language and Literature contents, orthography, no statistically significant differences were observed.

Contrasting geomorphic and stratigraphic responses to normal fault development during single and multi-phase rifting

Understanding the impact of tectonics on surface processes and the resultant stratigraphic evolution in multi-phase rifts is challenging, as patterns of erosion and deposition related to older phases of extension are overprinted by the subsequent extensional phases. In this study, we use a one-way coupled numerical modelling approach between a tectonic and a surface processes model to investigate topographic evolution, erosion and basin stratigraphy during single and multi-phase rifting. We compare the results from the single and the multi-phase rift experiments for a 5 Myr period during which they experience equal amounts of extension, but with the multi-phase experiment experiencing fault topography inherited from a previous phase of extension. Our results demonstrate a very dynamic evolution of the drainage network that occurs in response to fault growth and linkage and, to depocentre overfilling and overspilling. However, we observe profound differences between topographic and depocenter development during single and multi-phase rifting with implications for sedimentary facies development. Our quantitative approach, enables us to better understand the impact of changing extension direction on the distribution of sediment source areas and the syn-rift stratigraphic development through time and space.

Percolation transitions in compressed SiO2 glasses

Amorphous-amorphous transformations under pressure are generally explained by changes in the local structure from low to higher fold coordinated polyhedra [1-4]. However, as the notion of scale invariance at the critical thresholds has not been addressed, it is still unclear whether these transformations could be associated to true phase transitions. Here we report ab initio based calculations of compressed silica (SiO2) glasses showing that the structural changes from low- to high-density amorphous structures occur through a sequence of percolation transitions. When the pressure is increased up to 82 GPa, a series of long range ('infinite') percolating clusters built up by corner- or edge-shared tetrahedra, pentahedra, and eventually octahedra, emerge at some critical pressures and replace the previous phase of lower fold coordinated polyhedra and lower connectivity. This mechanism provides a natural explanation for the well-known mechanical anomaly around 3 GPa as well as for the structural irreversibility beyond 10 GPa, among others. Some of the amorphous structures that have been discovered mimic those of coesite IV and V crystals reported recently [5,6], highlighting the major role of SiO5 pentahedra-based polyamorphs in the densification process of vitreous silica. Our observations demonstrate that the percolation theory provides a robust framework to understand the nature and the pathway of the amorphous-amorphous transformations, and open a new avenue to predict unraveled amorphous solid phases and related liquids [7,8].

Experimentally constrained early reproduction shapes life history trajectories and behaviour

The trade-off between current and future reproduction is a cornerstone of life history theory, but the role of within-individual plasticity on life history decisions and its connections with overall fitness and behaviour remains largely unknown. By manipulating available resources for oviposition at the beginning of the reproductive period, we experimentally constrained individual life history trajectories to take different routes in a laboratory study system, the beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, and investigated its causal effects on fecundity, survival and behaviour. Compared to females without resource limitations, females experiencing restricted conditions for oviposition had reduced fecundity early in life but increased fecundity when resources became plentiful (relative to both the previous phase and the control group) at the expense of longevity. Constrained reproduction in early life also affected behaviour, as movement activity changed differently in the two experimental groups. Experiencing reproductive constraints has, therefore, consequences for future reproduction investments and behaviour, which may lead individuals to follow different life history strategies.

GAMBARAN PROSES PENERIMAAN DIRI IBU DENGAN ANAK DOWN SINDROME

Parents put their hopes in their children who will be born. When a child is born with conditions that are not as expected, this causes an emotional reaction in parents, especially the mother as the main caregiver for children and people who give birth to children in the world. The existence of a diagnosis of Down syndrome in children, mothers feel lost hope and their role will change. According to Fidler, Down syndrome is known as a form of chromosomal abnormality that causes developmental delays, mild to severe mental retardation and physical abnormalities. Finally, the mother faces the terrible reality that her child has special needs. This is a situation that is difficult for mothers to accept and needs to go through a process to be able to achieve self-acceptance. If the mother accepts herself with the condition of having a Down syndrome child, it can help the child to grow and develop properly. Therefore, researchers want to know the process of self-acceptance of mothers with children with Down syndrome. This research uses a qualitative approach and data collection is carried out using the interview method. Participants in this study were 3 mothers who had children with Down syndrome at the age of 30-45 years. Through interviews, researchers explore the expectations of parents about children, events during pregnancy, childbirth and raising children. In addition, researchers also dig data about the process experienced by mothers to achieve self-acceptance. The analysis conducted on each participant was carried out with the thematic analysis method. The results showed that the three participants had a process of self-acceptance in accordance with the phase initiated by Duncan and Moses, but there were several different stages. It takes many years for mothers to be able to complete the emotional stages and feelings that emerge can overlap. When the mother has reached self-acceptance, it is still possible to experience a setback to the previous phase. Factors that influence, among others, hope, ignorance of Down syndrome, the economy and support from the surrounding environment.

Contributions to Driver Fatigue Detection Based on Eye-tracking

In recent years, one of the most important factors in road accidents is the drowsiness of drivers and the distraction while driving. In this paper, we describe a system that monitors the detection of fatigue or drowsiness. The proposed solutions follow the driver's gaze, and if the system identifies the closed eyes, it triggers an alarm signal intended to alert against losing control of the car and causing traffic accidents. Eye-tracking is the process that measuring the eye position and eye movement. The proposed method is structured in three phases. In the first phase, eye images are captured at constant time intervals and converted into grayscale images. In the second phase these images are fed to Haar algorithm to identify the driver eyes. In the third phase, based on the previous phase the system can now take action to continue monitoring or trigger alarm to alert the driver if the drowsiness has been detected.