scholarly journals Robustness of Indoor Aquatic Mesocosm Experimentations and Data Reusability to Assess the Environmental Risks of Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Nassar ◽  
Mélanie Auffan ◽  
Catherine Santaella ◽  
Armand Masion ◽  
Jérôme Rose
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ecosystem Responses ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Aquatic Mesocosms ◽  
Set Up

Indoor aquatic mesocosms are increasingly used in nanosafety to assess the behavior, fate, and impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in aquatic environments using relevant exposure scenarios. The robustness of 60 L freshwater mesocosm experimentation was tested on the basis of the reusability of the data collected in a database named MESOCOSM regarding mesocosm experiments examining the environmental risks of CeO2 ENMs. We observed high reliability of the measured variables across replicates. The sensitivity of this mesocosm methodology was evidenced by the contrasted ecosystem responses revealed by a multivariate analysis. We also observed that adding variables to the data set up to 15% did not affect the outcome of the analysis of the results. This ability to buffer this variability demonstrates that the indoor aquatic mesocosms are robust tools contributing to the environmental risk assessment of ENMs, and stresses the benefit of reusing the data stored in databases such as MESOCOSM adhering to the findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable (FAIR) data principles.

Occupational Risk Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials: Limits, Challenges and Opportunities

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veruscka Leso ◽  
Luca Fontana ◽  
Maria Mauriello ◽  
Ivo Iavicoli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Atmospheric oxidation of fluoroalcohols initiated by ·OH radical in the presence of water and mineral dusts: Mechanism, kinetics, and risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Yang Bai ◽  
Ming-Shuai Deng ◽  
Mei-Yan Chen ◽  
Lian Kong ◽  
Shuang Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Atmospheric Oxidation ◽  
Oh Radical ◽  
Mineral Dusts

The transport and formation of fluorinated compounds are greatly significant due to their possible environmental risks. In this work, the ·OH-mediated degradation of CF3CF2CF2CH2OH and CF3CHFCF2CH2OH in the existence of...

scholarly journals Hospital acquired pressure injury prediction in surgical critical care patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Alderden ◽  
Kathryn P. Drake ◽  
Andrew Wilson ◽  
Jonathan Dimas ◽  
Mollie R. Cummins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Pressure Injury ◽  
Surgical Icu ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background Hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPrIs) are areas of damage to the skin occurring among 5–10% of surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients. HAPrIs are mostly preventable; however, prevention may require measures not feasible for every patient because of the cost or intensity of nursing care. Therefore, recommended standards of practice include HAPrI risk assessment at routine intervals. However, no HAPrI risk-prediction tools demonstrate adequate predictive validity in the ICU population. The purpose of the current study was to develop and compare models predicting HAPrIs among surgical ICU patients using electronic health record (EHR) data. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we obtained data for patients admitted to the surgical ICU or cardiovascular surgical ICU between 2014 and 2018 via query of our institution's EHR. We developed predictive models utilizing three sets of variables: (1) variables obtained during routine care + the Braden Scale (a pressure-injury risk-assessment scale); (2) routine care only; and (3) a parsimonious set of five routine-care variables chosen based on availability from an EHR and data warehouse perspective. Aiming to select the best model for predicting HAPrIs, we split each data set into standard 80:20 train:test sets and applied five classification algorithms. We performed this process on each of the three data sets, evaluating model performance based on continuous performance on the receiver operating characteristic curve and the F1 score. Results Among 5,101 patients included in analysis, 333 (6.5%) developed a HAPrI. F1 scores of the five classification algorithms proved to be a valuable evaluation metric for model performance considering the class imbalance. Models developed with the parsimonious data set had comparable F1 scores to those developed with the larger set of predictor variables. Conclusions Results from this study show the feasibility of using EHR data for accurately predicting HAPrIs and that good performance can be found with a small group of easily accessible predictor variables. Future study is needed to test the models in an external sample.

Colonial Origins of Maoist Insurgency in India

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2232-2274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivaji Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Maoist Insurgency ◽  
Rule Set ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Indirect Rule

What are the long-term effects of colonial institutions on insurgency? My article shows the historical origins of insurgency by addressing the puzzle of why the persistent Maoist insurgency, considered to be India’s biggest internal security threat, affects some districts along the central eastern corridor of India but not others. Combining archival and interview data from fieldwork in Maoist zones with an original district-level quantitative data set, I demonstrate that different types of British colonial indirect rule set up the structural conditions of ethnic inequality and state weakness that facilitate emergence of Maoist control. I address the issue of selection bias, by developing a new instrument for the British choice of indirect rule through princely states, based on the exogenous effect of wars in Europe on British decisions in India. This article reconceptualizes colonial indirect rule and also presents new data on rebel control and precolonial rebellions.

Statistical Analysis of Avian Reproduction Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W Green ◽  
Manousos Foudoulakis ◽  
Timothy Fredricks ◽  
Tiffany Carro ◽  
Jonathan Maul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Avian Reproduction ◽  
Reproduction Study ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Regulatory Risk Assessment

Abstract Avian reproduction studies for regulatory risk assessment are undergoing review by regulatory authorities, often leading to requests for statistical re-analysis of older studies using newer methods, sometimes with older study data that do not support these newer methods. We propose detailed statistical protocols with updated statistical methodology for use with both new and older studies and recommend improvements in experimental study design to set-up future studies for robust statistical analyses. There is increased regulatory and industry attention to the potential use of benchmark dose (BMD) methodology to derive the point of departure in avian reproduction studies, to be used as the endpoint in regulatory risk assessment. We present benefits and limitations of this BMD approach for older studies being re-evaluated and for new studies designed for with BMD analysis anticipated. Model averaging is recommended as preferable to model selection for BMD analysis. Even for a new study following the modified experimental design analyses with BMD methodology will only be possible for a restricted set of response variables. The judicious use of historical control data, identification of outlier data points, increased use of distributions more consistent with the nature of the data collected as opposed to forcing normality-based methods, and trend-based hypothesis tests are shown to be effective for many studies, but limitations on their applicability are also recognized and explained. Updated statistical methodologies are illustrated with case studies conducted under existing regulatory guidelines that have been submitted for product registrations. Through the adoption of improved avian reproduction study design elements combined with the suggested revised statistical methodologies the conduct, analyses, and utility of avian reproduction studies for avian risk assessments can be improved.

Uptake and depuration of carbon- and boron nitride-based nanomaterials in the protozoa Tetrahymena thermophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Mortimer ◽  
Timnit Kefela ◽  
Anne Trinh ◽  
Patricia Holden
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Environmental Contaminant ◽  
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern

Quantifying bioaccumulation is important in environmental contaminant risk assessment. Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) that can enter organisms and bioaccumulate, but more understanding is needed regarding...

Aquatic Mesocosm Strategies for the Environmental Fate and Risk Assessment of Engineered Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Carboni ◽  
Danielle L. Slomberg ◽  
Mohammad Nassar ◽  
Catherine Santaella ◽  
Armand Masion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials

Simulated Herbicide Spray Retention on Floating Aquatic Plants as Affected by Carrier Volume and Adjuvant Type

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Benjamin P. Sperry ◽  
Christopher R. Mudge ◽  
Kurt D. Getsinger
Keyword(s):  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Mesocosm Experiments ◽  
Pesticide Load ◽  
Giant Salvinia ◽  
Carrier Volume

Foliar delivery of herbicides is a common means for plant management in aquatic environments. Though this technique is decades old, little is known about vegetative spray retention relative to this application method. A more complete understanding of maximizing herbicide retention could lead to improved plant management while simultaneously decreasing pesticide load in aquatic environments. Therefore, outdoor mesocosm experiments were conducted in 2020 to evaluate the effect of adjuvant type on foliar spray retention in waterhyacinth. Additionally, the effect of carrier volume on spray retention in waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia was documented. Spray deposition did not differ among the nine adjuvants tested; however, spray retention was reduced 6 to 11% when an adjuvant was excluded from the spray solution. The effect of carrier volume on spray retention in waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia was also investigated. Decreases in spray retention was most sensitive to increased carrier volume in waterhyacinth, followed by giant salvinia and waterlettuce. Among species, spray retention potential, as determined by intercept estimates, was greatest in waterlettuce and giant salvinia regardless of carrier volume. Asymptotes estimates for waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia were 33, 46, and 79% spray retention, respectively. In other words, spray retention was the lowest and remained relatively constant at these values for the high carrier volumes tested (935 and 1870 L ha−1), which were likely due to the presence of pubescence on leaves and flatter leaf architecture represented by waterlettuce and giant salvinia compared to the glabrous vertical leaves of waterhyacinth. Future research will evaluate these concepts under field conditions.

scholarly journals Use of routinely collected data on psychiatric in-patient care

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyles Glover
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Set Covering ◽  
Services Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Policy Work ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Service Data

Since the start of the National Health Service, data have been collected on admissions to psychiatric in-patient units, first as the Mental Health Enquiry, then as part of Hospital Episode Statistics. Some details have changed but many have stayed remarkably consistent. Published literature on the wide range of research and policy work undertaken using this data source is reviewed. Early work was central to the government's deinstitutionalisation policy in the early 1960s. Subsequent studies cover a wide range of epidemiological and health services research issues. A new statistical base, the Mental Health Minimum Data Set, covering individuals receiving all types of health care is currently being set up. This will supplement (but not replace) admission statistics.

scholarly journals Monitoring compliance with sulfur content regulations of shipping fuel by in situ measurements of ship emissions

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 10087-10092 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kattner ◽  
B. Mathieu-Üffing ◽  
J. P. Burrows ◽  
A. Richter ◽  
S. Schmolke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The North ◽  
Position Data ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Abstract. In 1997 the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) adopted MARPOL Annex VI to prevent air pollution by shipping emissions. It regulates, among other issues, the sulfur content in shipping fuels, which is transformed into the air pollutant sulfur dioxide (SO2) during combustion. Within designated Sulfur Emission Control Areas (SECA), the sulfur content was limited to 1 %, and on 1 January 2015, this limit was further reduced to 0.1 %. Here we present the set-up and measurement results of a permanent ship emission monitoring site near Hamburg harbour in the North Sea SECA. Trace gas measurements are conducted with in situ instruments and a data set from September 2014 to January 2015 is presented. By combining measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and SO2 with ship position data, it is possible to deduce the sulfur fuel content of individual ships passing the measurement station, thus facilitating the monitoring of compliance of ships with the IMO regulations. While compliance is almost 100 % for the 2014 data, it decreases only very little in 2015 to 95.4 % despite the much stricter limit. We analysed more than 1400 ship plumes in total and for months with favourable conditions, up to 40 % of all ships entering and leaving Hamburg harbour could be checked for their sulfur fuel content.

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