scholarly journals Effects of Acute and Chronic Exposure to Semicarbazide on the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuhui Tian ◽  
Huanjun Li ◽  
Xiuzhen Zhang ◽  
Yingjiang Xu ◽  
Huawei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Respiratory Tree ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

The effects of acute and chronic exposure to semicarbazide were carried out on the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. A half-maximal lethal concentration of 3.72 g/L of semicarbazide hydrochloride (95% confidence interval 3.43–4.02 g/L) was deduced. At 20, 4, and 2% of the half-maximal lethal concentrations, a 28-days exposure induced morphological alterations, oxidative stress, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the respiratory tree, intestinal tract, and longitudinal muscle of A. japonicus. Exposure to 20% of the half-maximal lethal concentration resulted in lesions in the respiratory tree and disintegration in the intestinal tract. Exposure to lower concentration induced a gradual accumulation of lesions in the respiratory tree, intestinal tract, and longitudinal muscle. Levels of markers of oxidative stress and neurotransmission, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and AChE, were increased during the initial days of exposure and then decreased. The activity of SOD, catalase, and AChE were highest in A. japonicus exposed to 4%, followed by 20 and 2% of the half-maximal lethal concentration at the same time. At the later stages of the 28-days exposure, marker levels were decreased and close to levels in the control groups. Non-targeted metabolomics indicated that significantly different metabolites were screened out, 28 in the positive ion mode and 38 in the negative ion mode, impairments in neurological function, osmotic pressure regulation, energy metabolism, and protein digestion and absorption following exposure of A. japonicus to semicarbazide. KEGG pathway enrichment showed that the exposure affected pathways related to ABC transporters, central carbon metabolism in cancer, protein digestion and absorption, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Response and Oxidative Stress in the Respiratory Tree of Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Following Exposure to Crude Oil and Chemical Dispersant

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xishan Li ◽  
Guoxiang Liao ◽  
Zhonglei Ju ◽  
Chengyan Wang ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Chemical Dispersant ◽  
Respiratory Tree ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is mainly cultured in the coastal zone, where it is easily threatened by accidental oil spills. Chemical dispersant is one of the efficient oil spill responses for mitigating the overall environmental damage of oil spills. However, the impact of crude oil and chemical dispersants on sea cucumber is less well known. Hence, the present study focused on exploring the antioxidant response and oxidative stress in the respiratory tree of sea cucumber following exposure to GM-2 chemical dispersant (DISP), water-accommodated fractions (WAF), and chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of Oman crude oil for 24 h. Results manifested that WAF exposure caused a significant increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level (5.29 ± 0.30 AU·mgprot−1), and the effect was much more obvious in CEWAF treatment (5.73 ± 0.16 AU·mgprot−1). Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), as an important biomarker of the antioxidant defense capacity, showed an increasing trend following WAF exposure (0.95 ± 0.12 U·mgprot−1) while a significant reduction in T-AOC was observed following CEWAF exposure (0.23 ± 0.13 U·mgprot−1). Moreover, we also evaluated the oxidative damage of the macromolecules (DNA, protein, and lipid), and our results revealed that the presence of chemical dispersant enhanced oxidative damage caused by crude oil to sea cucumber.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of miRNAs in the Respiratory Tree of the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus Under Hypoxia Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 3681-3692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Huo ◽  
Lina Sun ◽  
Xiaoni Li ◽  
Xiaoshang Ru ◽  
Shilin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Hypoxia Stress ◽  
Respiratory Tree

Immunosuppression and oxidative stress induced by acute and chronic exposure to cocaine in rat

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Pacifici ◽  
Anna Ida Fiaschi ◽  
Lucia Micheli ◽  
Fabio Centini ◽  
Giorgio Giorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Effect of chronic exposure to microplastic fibre ingestion in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

2021 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 111794
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mohsen ◽  
Libin Zhang ◽  
Lina Sun ◽  
Chenggang Lin ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus

Genome-wide analysis of gene expression profile in the respiratory tree of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) in response to hypoxia conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 2039-2048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libin Zhang ◽  
Qiming Feng ◽  
Kui Ding ◽  
Lina Sun ◽  
Da Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Molecular Function ◽  
Respiratory Tree ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
Acute Changes

The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is a deposit-feeder and vital for marine benthic ecosystems. Hypoxia can influence the behaviour and even lead to massive mortality in A. japonicus in the wild. It is important to understand the molecular responses of A. japonicus when exposed to acute changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration. In this study, RNA-seq provided a general overview of the gene expression profiles of the respiratory tree of A. japonicus exposed to DO of 8 mg l−1 (DO8), 4 mg l−1 (DO4) and 2 mg l−1 (DO2) conditions. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screening with the NOISeq method identified 51, 59 and 61 DEGs according to the criteria of fold change ≥2 and divergence probability ≥0.8 in the comparisons of DO2 vs DO4, DO2 vs DO8 and DO4 vs DO8, respectively. Gene ontology analysis showed that ‘cellular process’ and ‘binding’ had the most enriched DEGs in the categories of ‘biological process’ and ‘molecular function’, respectively (catalytic activity also had the most enriched DEGs in the category of ‘molecular function’ based on the comparison of DO2 vs DO8), while ‘cell’ and ‘cell part’ had the most enriched DEGs in the category of ‘cellular component’. The DEGs were mapped to 79, 81 and 104 pathways in the KEGG database, and 8, 29 and 16 pathways were significantly enriched, respectively. The DO-specific DEGs identified in this study of the respiratory tree are important targets for further research into the biochemical mechanisms involved in the response of the sea cucumber to changes in the DO concentration.

scholarly journals Sea Cucumber-Derived Peptides Alleviate Oxidative Stress in Neuroblastoma Cells and Improve Survival in C. elegans Exposed to Neurotoxic Paraquat

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Meng Lu ◽  
Ajay Mishra ◽  
Chiara Boschetti ◽  
Jing Lin ◽  
Yushuang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Sea Cucumber ◽  
Apostichopus Japonicus ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Glutathione Depletion ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Mitochondrial Superoxide

Oxidative stress results when the production of oxidants outweighs the capacity of the antioxidant defence mechanisms. This can lead to pathological conditions including cancer and neurodegeneration. Consequently, there is considerable interest in compounds with antioxidant activity, including those from natural sources. Here, we characterise the antioxidant activity of three novel peptides identified in protein hydrolysates from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Under oxidative stress conditions, synthetic versions of the sea cucumber peptides significantly compensate for glutathione depletion, decrease mitochondrial superoxide levels, and alleviate mitophagy in human neuroblastoma cells. Moreover, orally supplied peptides improve survival of the Caenorhabditis elegans after treatment with paraquat, the latter of which leads to the production of excessive oxidative stress. Thus, the sea cucumber peptides exhibit antioxidant activity at both the cellular and organism levels and might prove attractive as nutritional supplements for healthy ageing.

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