scholarly journals Rational Design of a Novel Hawkmoth Pollinator Interaction in Mimulus Section Erythranthe

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey J. R. P. Byers ◽  
H. D. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Visit Time ◽  
Pollinator Preference ◽  
Hawkmoth Pollination ◽  
Flowering Plant Species ◽  
Total Visit

Diversification of the ca. 275,000 extant flowering plant species has been driven in large part by coevolution with animal pollinators. A recurring pattern of pollinator shifts from hummingbird to hawkmoth pollination has characterized plant speciation in many western North American plant taxa, but in the genus Mimulus (monkeyflowers) section Erythranthe the evolution of hawkmoth pollination from hummingbird-pollinated ancestors has not occurred. We manipulated two flower color loci and tested the attractiveness of the resulting four color phenotypes (red, yellow, pink, and white) to naïve hawkmoths (Manduca sexta). Hawkmoths strongly prefer derived colors (yellow, pink, white) over the ancestral red when choosing an initial flower to visit, and generally preferred derived colors when total visits and total visit time were considered, with no hawkmoth preferring ancestral red over derived colors. The simple flower color genetics underlying this innate pollinator preference suggests a potential path for speciation into an unfilled hawkmoth-pollinated niche in Mimulus section Erythranthe, and the deliberate design of a hawkmoth-pollinated flower demonstrates a new, predictive method for studying pollination syndrome evolution.

scholarly journals Rational design of a novel pollinator interaction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey J.R.P. Byers ◽  
H.D. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
North American ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Pollinator Preference ◽  
Hawkmoth Pollination ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

AbstractDiversification of the ca. 250,000 extant flowering plant species has been driven in large part by coevolution with animal pollinators. A recurring pattern of pollinator shifts from hummingbird to hawkmoth pollination has characterized plant speciation in many western North American plant taxa, but in the genus Mimulus (monkeyflowers) section Erythranthe the evolution of hawkmoth pollination from hummingbird-pollinated ancestors has not occurred. We manipulated two flower color loci and tested the attractiveness of the resulting four color phenotypes (red, yellow, pink, white) to naïve hawkmoths. Hawkmoths strongly prefer derived colors (yellow, pink, white) over the ancestral red, and prefer the two-locus change (white) to either of the single-locus changes (yellow, pink). The simple flower color genetics underlying this innate pollinator preference suggests a potential path for speciation into an unfilled hawkmoth-pollinated niche, and the deliberate design of a hawkmoth-pollinated flower demonstrates a new, predictive method for studying pollination syndrome evolution.

scholarly journals Crab spiders (Araneae: Thomisidae) in flowering plants in a Brazilian "Cerrado" ecosystem

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
LC Rocha-Filho ◽  
IMP Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Pollination Syndrome ◽  
Bee Pollination ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Flowering Plant Species ◽  
Crab Spiders ◽  
Poricidal Anthers

Although crab spiders are common in flowering plants, their relations with plant species and its floral traits have been poorly known in the Neotropics. Observations regarding plant habits, floral visitors and also floral characteristics such as anthesis, odour, shape, colour and floral resources were recorded in flowering plant species of an area of "Cerrado" on a 2 km long trail. Misumenops argenteus and Misumenops pallens accounted for 62.86% of the spiders captured on 22 flowering plant species. The plants Senna rugosa (Fabaceae), Styrax ferrugineus (Styracaceae) and Banisteriopsis campestris (Malpighiaceae), hosted, each one, about 10 to 17% of the total spiders collected and these plants had diurnal anthesis, bee-attractive flower colours such as yellow (S. rugosa), white (S. ferrugineus), and pink (B. campestris), poricidal anthers as well as being visited by bees which evidenced bee-pollination syndrome. This study is the first survey regarding crab spiders and their associations with plant species of the "Cerrado".

Improvement in Total and Face-to-Face Provider Time in a Multidisciplinary Craniofacial Team Clinic: An Interventional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110217
Author(s):  
Alexis C. Wood ◽  
C. Alejandra Garcia de Mitchell ◽  
Ruchi Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Visit Time ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Visit

Objective: Identify factors contributing to time a family spends in a Multidisciplinary Craniofacial Team Clinic (MDCT) and implement an intervention to reduce this time. Design: Interventional: a restructuring of clinics to serve those patients requiring fewer provider encounters separately. Setting: An American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association-accredited MDCT in an academic children’s hospital. Patients/Participants: One hundred sixty-seven patients with craniofacial diagnoses. Interventions: Time data were tabulated over ∼2 years. Following 9 months of data collection, patients requiring fewer provider encounters were scheduled to a separate clinic serving children with craniosynostosis, and data were collected in the same fashion for another 14 months. Main Outcome Measures: Principal outcome measures included total visit time and proportion of the visit spent without a provider in the room before and after clinic restructuring. Results: The average time spent by family in a clinic session was 161.53 minutes, of which 64.3% was spent without a provider in the room. Prior to clinic restructuring, a greater number of provider encounters was inversely associated with percentage of time spent without a provider ( P < .001). Upon identifying this predictor, scheduling patients who needed fewer provider encounters to a Craniosynostosis Clinic session resulted in reduction in absolute and percentage of time spent without a provider ( P < .001). Conclusions: The number of provider encounters is a significant predictor of the proportion of a clinic visit spent without a provider. Clinic restructuring to remove patient visits that comprise fewer provider encounters resulted in a greater percentage of time spent with a provider in an MDCT.

scholarly journals Documentation of flora of Rara lake and adjoining areas in mid-western region of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
BK Basnet
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Data Field ◽  
Adjoining Area ◽  
Faunal Diversity ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Rara National Park is the smallest national park of the country. It is rich in floral and faunal diversity. Rara is one of the sacred lakes and is listed as a Ramsar site. The aim of the study was to compile the representative flora of Rara lake and to present status of available vegetation. The research used both primary and secondary sources of data. Field visit was conducted in June, 2010 during which more than 300 plant specimens were collected. The secondary data were collected from Rara and adjoining area like Gamgadi. These data were thoroughly analyzed to understand the composition of vegetation. The study revealed the existence of about 224 flowering plant species in the area, under 173 genera and 67 families. Compositae was found to be the largest family (21 species and 17 genera) followed by Rosaceae (19 species and 10 genera). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i1.9063 Banko Janakari, Vol. 21, No. 1 2011; 41-47

scholarly journals Epimutations are associated with CHROMOMETHYLASE 3-induced de novo DNA methylation

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jered M Wendte ◽  
Yinwen Zhang ◽  
Lexiang Ji ◽  
Xiuling Shi ◽  
Rashmi R Hazarika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Gene Body ◽  
Gene Body Methylation ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

In many plant species, a subset of transcribed genes are characterized by strictly CG-context DNA methylation, referred to as gene body methylation (gbM). The mechanisms that establish gbM are unclear, yet flowering plant species naturally without gbM lack the DNA methyltransferase, CMT3, which maintains CHG (H = A, C, or T) and not CG methylation at constitutive heterochromatin. Here, we identify the mechanistic basis for gbM establishment by expressing CMT3 in a species naturally lacking CMT3. CMT3 expression reconstituted gbM through a progression of de novo CHG methylation on expressed genes, followed by the accumulation of CG methylation that could be inherited even following loss of the CMT3 transgene. Thus, gbM likely originates from the simultaneous targeting of loci by pathways that promote euchromatin and heterochromatin, which primes genes for the formation of stably inherited epimutations in the form of CG DNA methylation.

Botanical Identity of Seasonal Flowering Plants Available and Maintained in the Home Gardens of District Nainital, Uttarakhand

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Negi ◽  
Vandana Tiwari ◽  
Puran Mehta ◽  
Rajni Rawat ◽  
Saraswati Ojha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seasonal Flowering ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Uttarakhand is a store house of plant genetic resources of several crop groups including ornamentals and seasonal flowering plant species. A wide range of seasonal flowering plants are being grown in the region because of its various and favourable agro-geo climatic zones. Ornamental plant enhances aesthetic value of our environment. There are 8 developmental blocks and 1082 villages in district Nainital of Uttarakhand. Nainital district, is a part of Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. It lies between 29?0.1' to 29?36' 21'' N latitude and 78?50' 53'' to 80?06' E longitude. More than 7.62 lakh population reside in 4064 km2 of geographical area of district Nainital. The district falls under sub-tropical to temperate zones. During the course of field survey (2013-2015), we came across wide range of seasonal flowering plants mostly belong to exotic origin being grown in the home gardens of natives of the region situated in different agro-ecological niches. The present study highlighted a total of 150 seasonal flowering plants with 120 genera belonging to 50 families. These were arranged alphabetically with botanical names followed by vernacular and trade name, family, origin or native place, nature, season with appropriate remarks of variation in shape, size and colour, method of propagation with economic status.

Advances in understanding plant root hairs in relation to nutrient acquisition and crop root function

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-162
Author(s):  
Timothy S. George ◽  
◽  
Lawrie K. Brown ◽  
A. Glyn Bengough ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Pattern Length ◽  
Crop Root ◽  
Flowering Plant Species ◽  
And Function

Root hairs are found on most terrestrial flowering plant species. They form from epidermal cells at a predetermined distance behind the growing root tip in three main patterns. Their presence, pattern, length, density and function are genetically controlled and numerous genes are expressed solely in root hairs. Their growth and proliferation are attenuated by the environment and root hairs growing in soil are generally shorter and less dense than those in laboratory studies. Root hairs have a number of functions including anchorage, root soil contact and bracing to enable roots to penetrate hard soils. However, their primary function is acquisition of nutrients and water, in particular phosphate. They are the site of transporters, exudation of active compounds and infection point of symbiotic microbial interactions. They have a profound effect on rhizosphere characteristics and are a potentially useful target for breeding crops for future agricultural sustainability.

scholarly journals Toevoegings tot die blomplantlys van die Bergkwagga Nasionale Park

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Check List ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Additions to the check list of flowering plants of the Mountain Zebra National Park. Thirteen additional flowering plant species are reported from the Mountain Zebra National Park, increasing the total reported to 371 species.

scholarly journals Pollinator‐mediated interactions between cultivated papaya and co‐flowering plant species

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 587-597
Author(s):  
Raúl Badillo‐Montaño ◽  
Armando Aguirre ◽  
Miguel A. Munguía‐Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

scholarly journals Flower Constancy in the Generalist PollinatorCeratina flavipes(Hymenoptera: Apidae): An Evaluation by Pollen Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Kobayashi-Kidokoro ◽  
Seigo Higashi
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Solitary Bee ◽  
Flower Constancy ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Pollen Sources ◽  
Flowering Plant Species ◽  
Seasonal Pollen

The food habits of the solitary beeCeratina flavipeswere studied by observation on foraging behavior and identifying the pollen grains that they collected. It appeared thatC. flavipestend to collect pollen from particular species; however, they visit multiple flowering species. We analyzed pollen sources from pollen loads of dried specimens from single foraging trips (SFT) and in pollen balls created from a single foraging day (SD). The pollen from all pollen balls in a nest represented the harvest from an entire breeding season (BP). This analysis showed that each bee on average collected pollen from 3.24 (SFTs), 2.02 (SD), and 3.12 (BP) flowering species. Bees collected pollen from a total of 14 flowering plant species. Furthermore, we calculated when pollen balls were created and found no significant interaction between seasonal pollen availability and bee preferences. Moreover, bees had consistent flower preferences, even if the preferred flower was not dominant at all times. These results indicate thatC. flavipesexhibits flower constancy, and therefore, the generalist pollinatorC. flavipescould function like a specialist pollinator.

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