scholarly journals Flower Constancy in the Generalist PollinatorCeratina flavipes(Hymenoptera: Apidae): An Evaluation by Pollen Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midori Kobayashi-Kidokoro ◽  
Seigo Higashi
Keyword(s):  
Food Habits ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Solitary Bee ◽  
Flower Constancy ◽  
Pollen Loads ◽  
Pollen Sources ◽  
Flowering Plant Species ◽  
Seasonal Pollen

The food habits of the solitary beeCeratina flavipeswere studied by observation on foraging behavior and identifying the pollen grains that they collected. It appeared thatC. flavipestend to collect pollen from particular species; however, they visit multiple flowering species. We analyzed pollen sources from pollen loads of dried specimens from single foraging trips (SFT) and in pollen balls created from a single foraging day (SD). The pollen from all pollen balls in a nest represented the harvest from an entire breeding season (BP). This analysis showed that each bee on average collected pollen from 3.24 (SFTs), 2.02 (SD), and 3.12 (BP) flowering species. Bees collected pollen from a total of 14 flowering plant species. Furthermore, we calculated when pollen balls were created and found no significant interaction between seasonal pollen availability and bee preferences. Moreover, bees had consistent flower preferences, even if the preferred flower was not dominant at all times. These results indicate thatC. flavipesexhibits flower constancy, and therefore, the generalist pollinatorC. flavipescould function like a specialist pollinator.

scholarly journals Pollinators of Eucalyptus regnans (Myrtaceae), the world's tallest flowering plant species

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rod Griffin ◽  
Andrew B. Hingston ◽  
Clifford P. Ohmart
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Deposition Potential ◽  
The Body ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
Total Pollen ◽  
Syrphid Flies ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Insect visitors to the flowers of Eucalyptus regnans F.Muell. in a remnant natural stand were classified into 33 functional pollinator groups according to taxonomic affinity and body size. In total, 92% of insects caught were dipterans; however, most of these were small and did not contribute significantly to pollination. For the majority of taxa, which have short mouthparts and therefore need to intrude themselves into the flower while feeding on nectar, there was a highly significant relationship between body length and the number of E. regnans pollen grains carried on the body. Mean pollen loads ranged from 20 grains per insect for sepsid flies to 84 000 for large tachinid flies. An index of pollen-deposition potential, which is based on population size and pollen load, suggested that the larger tachinid, calliphorid and syrphid flies were the most important pollen vectors and that larger sphecid wasps also played a significant role. Many taxa appeared to contribute little to pollination because they were uncommon and/or did not carry large quantities of pollen. A convention is proposed whereby groups are weighted according to their contribution to total pollen-deposition potential. For E. regnans, a ratio of 5 Diptera/1 Hymenoptera + (Coleoptera/Lepidoptera) is described, with the taxa in parentheses contributing less than 10% of the total.

scholarly journals Documentation of flora of Rara lake and adjoining areas in mid-western region of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
BK Basnet
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Ramsar Site ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Data Field ◽  
Adjoining Area ◽  
Faunal Diversity ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Rara National Park is the smallest national park of the country. It is rich in floral and faunal diversity. Rara is one of the sacred lakes and is listed as a Ramsar site. The aim of the study was to compile the representative flora of Rara lake and to present status of available vegetation. The research used both primary and secondary sources of data. Field visit was conducted in June, 2010 during which more than 300 plant specimens were collected. The secondary data were collected from Rara and adjoining area like Gamgadi. These data were thoroughly analyzed to understand the composition of vegetation. The study revealed the existence of about 224 flowering plant species in the area, under 173 genera and 67 families. Compositae was found to be the largest family (21 species and 17 genera) followed by Rosaceae (19 species and 10 genera). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v21i1.9063 Banko Janakari, Vol. 21, No. 1 2011; 41-47

scholarly journals Mugwort pollen season in the air of Poland in 2019

Alergoprofil ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Puc ◽  
Piotr Rapiejko ◽  
Agnieszka Lipiec ◽  
Małgorzata Malkiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Dąbrowska-Zapart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Season ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Start Date ◽  
Airborne Concentration ◽  
Pollen Concentrations ◽  
Artemisia Species ◽  
Pollen Seasons ◽  
June July ◽  
Artemisia Pollen ◽  
Seasonal Pollen

  The Asteraceae family is one of the largest families, comprising 67 genera and 264 species in Poland. However, only a few genera, including Artemisia, are potential allergenic sources. The aim of the study was to compare the mugwort pollen seasons in Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Sosnowiec, Lublin, Piotrkow Trybunalski, Opole, Olsztyn, Szczecin, Warsaw and Wroclaw in 2019. The investigations were carried out using the volumetric method. Seasonal Pollen Index was estimated as the sum of daily average pollen concentrations in the given season. The mugwort pollen season is mainly observed in June, July and at the beginning of September. In 2019 the pollen season of mugwort started first in Opole, on the June 26th. At the latest, a pollen season ended in Bydgoszcz and Warsaw, at the end of September. The differences of pollen seasons duration were extremely considerable, from 35 to 83 days. The highest airborne concentration of 97 pollen grains/m3 was noted in Lublin on the July 31st. The maximum values of seasonal pollen count in Polish cities occurred between July 28th and August 12th, most often between in late July and early August. The highest mugwort pollen allergen hazard occurred in 2019 in Lublin, Warsaw, Opole and Wroclaw, and was 2–3 times higher than in other cities. The highest variability in the analysed seasons was found in start date, while the lowest in the peak value and SPI value. In the pollen season in 2019, 2 peaks of Artemisia pollen concentrations were observed as a result of the order of flowering of A. vulgaris and A. campestris. Information on the pollination of various Artemisia species will be used to avoid excessive exposure to allergens of these pollen grains.

scholarly journals Epimutations are associated with CHROMOMETHYLASE 3-induced de novo DNA methylation

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jered M Wendte ◽  
Yinwen Zhang ◽  
Lexiang Ji ◽  
Xiuling Shi ◽  
Rashmi R Hazarika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Constitutive Heterochromatin ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Gene Body ◽  
Gene Body Methylation ◽  
Mechanistic Basis ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

In many plant species, a subset of transcribed genes are characterized by strictly CG-context DNA methylation, referred to as gene body methylation (gbM). The mechanisms that establish gbM are unclear, yet flowering plant species naturally without gbM lack the DNA methyltransferase, CMT3, which maintains CHG (H = A, C, or T) and not CG methylation at constitutive heterochromatin. Here, we identify the mechanistic basis for gbM establishment by expressing CMT3 in a species naturally lacking CMT3. CMT3 expression reconstituted gbM through a progression of de novo CHG methylation on expressed genes, followed by the accumulation of CG methylation that could be inherited even following loss of the CMT3 transgene. Thus, gbM likely originates from the simultaneous targeting of loci by pathways that promote euchromatin and heterochromatin, which primes genes for the formation of stably inherited epimutations in the form of CG DNA methylation.

Botanical Identity of Seasonal Flowering Plants Available and Maintained in the Home Gardens of District Nainital, Uttarakhand

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Negi ◽  
Vandana Tiwari ◽  
Puran Mehta ◽  
Rajni Rawat ◽  
Saraswati Ojha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seasonal Flowering ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Uttarakhand is a store house of plant genetic resources of several crop groups including ornamentals and seasonal flowering plant species. A wide range of seasonal flowering plants are being grown in the region because of its various and favourable agro-geo climatic zones. Ornamental plant enhances aesthetic value of our environment. There are 8 developmental blocks and 1082 villages in district Nainital of Uttarakhand. Nainital district, is a part of Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. It lies between 29?0.1' to 29?36' 21'' N latitude and 78?50' 53'' to 80?06' E longitude. More than 7.62 lakh population reside in 4064 km2 of geographical area of district Nainital. The district falls under sub-tropical to temperate zones. During the course of field survey (2013-2015), we came across wide range of seasonal flowering plants mostly belong to exotic origin being grown in the home gardens of natives of the region situated in different agro-ecological niches. The present study highlighted a total of 150 seasonal flowering plants with 120 genera belonging to 50 families. These were arranged alphabetically with botanical names followed by vernacular and trade name, family, origin or native place, nature, season with appropriate remarks of variation in shape, size and colour, method of propagation with economic status.

Advances in understanding plant root hairs in relation to nutrient acquisition and crop root function

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-162
Author(s):  
Timothy S. George ◽  
◽  
Lawrie K. Brown ◽  
A. Glyn Bengough ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Pattern Length ◽  
Crop Root ◽  
Flowering Plant Species ◽  
And Function

Root hairs are found on most terrestrial flowering plant species. They form from epidermal cells at a predetermined distance behind the growing root tip in three main patterns. Their presence, pattern, length, density and function are genetically controlled and numerous genes are expressed solely in root hairs. Their growth and proliferation are attenuated by the environment and root hairs growing in soil are generally shorter and less dense than those in laboratory studies. Root hairs have a number of functions including anchorage, root soil contact and bracing to enable roots to penetrate hard soils. However, their primary function is acquisition of nutrients and water, in particular phosphate. They are the site of transporters, exudation of active compounds and infection point of symbiotic microbial interactions. They have a profound effect on rhizosphere characteristics and are a potentially useful target for breeding crops for future agricultural sustainability.

scholarly journals Toevoegings tot die blomplantlys van die Bergkwagga Nasionale Park

Koedoe ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Check List ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

Additions to the check list of flowering plants of the Mountain Zebra National Park. Thirteen additional flowering plant species are reported from the Mountain Zebra National Park, increasing the total reported to 371 species.

scholarly journals Pollinator‐mediated interactions between cultivated papaya and co‐flowering plant species

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 587-597
Author(s):  
Raúl Badillo‐Montaño ◽  
Armando Aguirre ◽  
Miguel A. Munguía‐Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Flowering Plant Species

scholarly journals Pollinator effectiveness of a specialist bee exploiting a generalist plant—tracking pollen transfer by Heriades truncorum with quantum dots

Apidologie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Konzmann ◽  
Margareta Kluth ◽  
Deniz Karadana ◽  
Klaus Lunau
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Transfer ◽  
Pollinator Effectiveness ◽  
Flower Constancy ◽  
Single Visit ◽  
Heriades Truncorum ◽  
Open Control

AbstractHeriades truncorum (Megachilidae) is a specialist bee that forages on Asteraceae and collects pollen by tapping its abdomen on pollen-presenting florets which places the grains directly in the ventral scopa. We tracked pollen transfer by female H. truncorum between conspecific inflorescences of Inula ensifolia and Pulicaria dysenterica by labelling pollen with quantum dots. On average, bees transferred 31.14 (I. ensifolia) and 9.96 (P. dysenterica) pollen grains from the last visited inflorescence, 39% and 45% of which were placed on receptive styles. Pollen germination ratio is significantly lower for inflorescences of P. dysenterica visited by one H. truncorum (0.13%) compared with open control inflorescences (0.51%), which suggests that the bees mainly transfer self-pollen of these self-incompatible plants. Thus, a single visit by H. truncorum does not grant the plant high reproductive success, but the bees’ abundance and flower constancy might reduce this disadvantage.

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