scholarly journals Differences in Floral Scent and Petal Reflectance Between Diploid and Tetraploid Chamerion angustifolium

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Palmqvist ◽  
Hannah A. Brazeau ◽  
Amy L. Parachnowitsch

Genome duplication in plants is thought to be a route to speciation due to cytotype incompatibility. However, to reduce cross-pollination between cytotypes in animal-pollinated species, distinctive floral phenotypes, which would allow pollinator-mediated assortative mating between flowers, are also expected. Chamerion angustifolium is a Holarctic species that forms a hybrid zone between diploid and tetraploid populations in the North American Rocky Mountains. Extensive research has shown that these cytotypes differ in many ways, including some floral traits, and that pollinators can discriminate between cytotypes, leading to assortative mating. However, two signals commonly used by insect pollinators have not been measured for this species, namely petal colour and floral scent. Using greenhouse-grown diploids and tetraploids of C. angustifolium from the ploidy hybrid-zone in the North American Rocky Mountains, we show that both floral scent signals and petal reflectance differ between cytotypes. These differences, along with differences in flower size shown previously, could help explain pollinator-mediated assortative mating observed in previous studies. However, these differences in floral phenotypes may vary in importance to pollinators. While the differences in scent included common floral volatiles readily detected by bumblebees, the differences in petal reflectance may not be perceived by bees based on their visual sensitivity across the spectra. Thus, our results suggest that differences in floral volatile emissions are more likely to contribute to pollinator discrimination between cytotypes and highlight the importance of understanding the sensory systems of pollinators when examining floral signals.

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale H. Vitt ◽  
Diana G. Horton

The Nahanni and Liard mountain ranges are located at about 61° N latitude and 122° W longitude. They form the easternmost slopes of the Rocky Mountains and lie just east of Nahanni National Park in the southwestern corner of the District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories. The moss flora of the area is rich in the number of taxa; 207 species and two varieties are reported from this relatively small area. Of these, 53 species are new records for the South Nahanni region. A number of rare or disjunct bryophyte species are found in the area. Moss species which are either disjunct or occur at the edge of their range include Arctoa fulvella (Dicks.) B.S.G., Aulacomnium acuminatum (Lindb. & Arn.) Kindb., Andreaeobryum macrosporum Steere & B. Murray, Geheebia gigantea (Funck) Boul., Isopterygiopsis muelleriana (Schimp.) Iwats., Mnium spinosum (Voit) Schwaegr., Psilopilum cavifolium (Wils.) Hagen, Rhabdoweisia crispata (With.) Lindb., Seligeria calcarea (Hedw.) B.S.G., S. polaris Berggr., Trematodon brevicollis Hornsch., and Trichostomum arcticum Kaal. The North American distribution of these species is mapped. Herbertus stramineus (Dum.) Trev., Metacalypogeia schusterana Hatt. & Mizut., Scapania crassiretis Bryhn, and S. simmonsii Bryhn & Kaal. are four hepatic species of phytogeographic interest.


1965 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Hopping

AbstractGroup VIII of North American Ips contains I. interruptus (Mannerheim), I. engelmanni Swaine, I. amiskwiensis G. Hopping, I. sulcifrons Wood, I. pilifrons Swaine, I. yohoensis Swaine, I. tridens (Mannerheim) and I. semirostris G. Hopping. Females of some species have dense brushes of long setae or pads of short pile covering the frontal protuberance. Species are described and a key is given. All of them breed in spruce, six in the boreal forest and two farther south in the Rocky Mountains.


1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana G. Horton

A critical study of the differentiating features of the North American populations of Timmia sibirica Lindb. et Arnell and T. norvegica Zett. reveals that populations with structure intermediate between these two taxa occur. Although from widespread localities, the intermediate specimens seem limited in number and T. sibirica and T. norvegica quite commnonly occur in mixed populations with no evidence of any intergradation. Therefore, it is concluded that the two taxa ought to be regarded as distinct species. The taxonomically important character-states of upper leaf cells and costa of T. sibirica. T. norvegica, and of the intermediate populations are illustrated with scanning elecron micrographs. The habitat of T. sibirica, like that of T. norvegica, is invariably on strongly calcareous substrates adjacent to waterfalls, along streams, or in low-lying tundra. The North American distribution of T. sibirica is mapped, including previously unreported localities as far south as 51° N in the Canadian Rocky Mountains.


1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G.A. Hamilton

AbstractThe North American genusCeratagalliaKirkaldy, 1907 is redefined to include subgenusAceratagalliaKirkaldy, 1907 (=IoniaBall, 1933, syn.nov.) with 78 species in two subgenera. Two additional new species are unplaced to subgenus:C. aceratafrom Oregon, andC. emarginatafrom Mexico. The typical subgenusCeratagalliahas 30 species, includingC. gillettei(Osborn & Ball, comb.nov.),C. sordida(Oman, comb.nov.), and two new speciesC. anafrom Mexico andC. viperafrom Washington state. SubgenusAceratagalliahas 46 species, all new combinations underCeratagallia. The economic "species" formerly known as "sanguinolenta" is divided into the Canadian clover leafhopperC. humilis(Oman) and the American clover leafhopperC. agricolasp.nov. Other new taxa in subgenusAceratagalliainclude 18 new species and seven new subspecies:alaskana(ssp. ofsiccifolia)from Alaska;omanion the Pacific coast from Oregon to British Columbia;clinoandlophiafrom the Oregon interior;compressa(ssp. ofsiccifolia),gallus,modesta,okanagana, andzacki(ssp. ofnanella) from intermontane valleys of the Pacific northwest and southwestern mountains;interior(ssp. ofhumilis) androssifrom the Sonoran subregion;australis(ssp. ofnanella),coma,ebena,entoma,falcata,oionus, andvenosafrom Mexico and Texas;alvarana(ssp. ofhumilis),cerea,cristula,harrisi, semiarida, andviatorwidespread between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains; andwhitcombi(ssp. ofrobusta) from Florida to Arizona. Four former species are reduced to subspecies:compactaOman andpoudrisOman inC. robusta(Oman),helveolaOman inC. cinerea(Osborn & Ball), andtruncataOman inC. humilis. The taxa are keyed and illustrated, and their phylogeny is discussed.


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