scholarly journals Resurrection of the Family Grateloupiaceae Emend. (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) Based on a Multigene Phylogeny and Comparative Reproductive Morphology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Yeon Kim ◽  
Hyung Woo Lee ◽  
Eun Chan Yang ◽  
Sung Min Boo ◽  
Juan Lopez-Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Complex Iii ◽  
Outer Cortex ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Auxiliary Cell ◽  
The Family ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Fusion Cell ◽  
The Many ◽  
Combined Data

The marine red algal order Halymeniales currently includes two families, the Halymeniaceae and Tsengiaceae, and consist of 38 genera and about 358 species. Phylogenetic analyses on specific taxa of the order are common, but not comprehensive, leaving the many intra-ordinal relationships within the Halymeniales unresolved. To reassess the phylogeny of the Halymeniales, we conducted extensive phylogenetic analyses based on 207 rbcL sequences and multigene analyses (rbcL, psaA, psbA, cox1, and LSU) using 47 taxa from the order. The combined data set fully supports the monophyly of the Grateloupia sensu lato clade. Phylogenetic assessment of the reproductive structures in the order using the type of auxiliary cell ampullae, pericarp origin, and tetrasporangial development characters, supports a Grateloupia sensu lato clade distinct from the Halymeniaceae exemplified by the generitype Halymenia. As a result, we propose to reinstate the family Grateloupiaceae Schmitz based on the Grateloupia sensu lato clade and including Grateloupia and eight other genera: Dermocorynus, Mariaramirezia, Neorubra, Pachymeniopsis, Kintokiocolax, Phyllymenia, Prionitis, and Yonagunia. The emended Grateloupiaceae is distinguished from the Halymeniaceae by the following three characteristics; (i) simple unbranched and unilateral type of auxiliary cell ampullae, (ii) pericarp formed densely by the fusion of secondary medullary filaments from subcortical cells and lateral ampullary filaments from a fusion cell complex, (iii) tetrasporangia originating laterally from the outer cortex. The Halymeniales comprises the monophyletic Grateloupiaceae, Halymeniaceae sensu lato (which requires further study), and the Tsengiaceae.

Studies of Marine algae in the lesser-known families of the Gigartinales (Rhodophyta). II. The Dicranemaceae

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Supporting Cell ◽  
Branch System ◽  
Auxiliary Cell ◽  
Cell Position ◽  
The Family ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Carpogonial Branch ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Fusion Cell

The red algal family Dicranemaceae (Gigartinales) has been studied with regard to its vegetative and reproductive morphology, The group is composed of two Dicranema species (D. revolutum (C. Ag.) J. Ag. and D. cincinnalis sp, nov.), Peltasta australis J. Ag., Reptataxis rhizophora (Lucas) gen. et comb. nov., and Tylotus obtusatus (Sond.) J . Ag. All except Reptataxis, from Lord Howe I., are endemic to southern Australia. The last three genera are newly added to the family, which is redefined to embrace their early gonimoblast similarities to Dicranema. The species are all multiaxial, zonately tetrasporangiate and monoecious. Dicranema, Peltasta and Reptataxis have broad, cellular cortexes and filamentous medullas, while Tylotus is pseudoparenchymatous throughout. Tetrasporangia are nemathecial in Dieranem, Reptataxis and Tylotus, but scattered in Peltasta. Spermatangia in Dicranema are formed in deeply buried catenate clusters, and are similarly derived but non-catenate in the other genera. The species are all monocarpogonial, and only Tylotus is procarpic. In none of the genera are sterile cells associated with carpogonial branches. In Tylotus the supporting cell of the carpogonial branch fuses with the presumably fertilized carpogonium and becomes the diploidized auxiliary cell. In Dicranema, Peltasta and Reptataxis, 2- or 3-celled carpogonial branches are directed to the thallus surface and presumably fertilized carpogonia fuse with an auxiliary cell not necessarily on the same cortical branch system as the supporting cell. Diploidized auxiliary cells in all four genera form small, irregular fusion cells and emit multiple, filamentous gonimoblasts. Gonimoblast growth is mostly thallus-inward in Dicranema, initially radial in Peltasta and Reptataxis, and lateral and outward in Tylotus and advanced stages of Peltasta and Reptataxis. In Dicranema, Peltasta and Reptataxis an extensive placenta of mixed and connected gonimoblast and vegetative cells forms between the fusion cell and the peripheral carpospore-producing layers. In Tylotus vegetative/gonimoblast cell connections occur mainly at the floor of the cystocarp. Carposporangia develop singly on elongate penultimate gonimoblasts in Dicranema and Tylotus, but form chains in Peltasta and Reptataxis. Cystocarps in all the genera are surrounded by thick ostiolate pericarps. The genera of the Dicranemaceae are distinct from one another on frond and holdfast habits, vegetative structure, carpogonial branch shape, auxiliary cell position, gonimoblast orientation, carposporangial size, and mature cystocarp location and cross section. None of the four genera seem obviously derived from or particularly closely related to any others outside the family, although both Peltasta and Reptataxis show some features susesting possible links to the Sarcodiaceae.

A new genus and a major temperate bamboo lineage of the Arundinarieae (Poaceae: Bambusoideae) from Sri Lanka based on a multi-locus plastid phylogeny 

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 174 (4) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Attigala ◽  
Jimmy K. Triplett ◽  
Hashendra-Suvini Kathriarachchi ◽  
Lynn G Clark
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Woody Bamboos ◽  
Cpdna Markers ◽  
Combined Data

Kuruna, a new temperate woody bamboo (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Arundinarieae) genus from Sri Lanka, is recognized based on chloroplast sequence data from five markers (coding: ndhF 3’ end; non-coding: rps16-trnQ, trnC-rpoB, trnD-trnT, trnT-trnL). This genus represents the twelfth major lineage of temperate woody bamboos and is characterized by pachymorph culm bases with short necks, unicaespitose clumps, culm leaf girdles ca. 1 mm wide, usually abaxially hispid culm leaves with non-irritating hairs, persistent foliage leaf sheaths, complete branch sheathing and acute to biapiculate palea apices. Maximum Parsimony, Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood analyses of a combined data set consistently strongly supported the monophyly of this Sri Lankan temperate woody bamboo clade. Although the Kishino-Hasegawa test is unable to reject the alternative hypothesis of monophyly of the Sri Lankan clade plus Bergbambos tessellata from South Africa, Kuruna and Bergbambos are distinguishable by a combination of morphological characters. A few additional cpDNA markers not previously used in phylogenetic analyses of Arundinarieae were tested to evaluate their utility in this taxonomically difficult tribe.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and Systematics of Ground Rollers (Brachypteraciidae) of Madagascar

The Auk ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Kirchman ◽  
Shannon J. Hackett ◽  
Steven M. Goodman ◽  
John M. Bates ◽  
R. Prum
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Parameter ◽  
Combined Data

Abstract We studied relationships of five extant members of the endemic Malagasy family Brachypteraciidae, the ground rollers, using several mitochondrial genes (cytochrome-b, NADH dehydrogenase 2, 12S ribosomal RNA, and cytochrome oxidase I). As outgroups, we used other coraciiforms including the Cuckoo Roller (Family Leptosomatidae, Leptosomus discolor), several true rollers (Corcaciidae) and a tody (Todidae). Partial sequences of the Long-tailed Ground Roller (Uratelornis chimaera) were obtained from toe pad samples taken off museum specimens. For a combined data set of all genes, Kimura two-parameter distances between sequences of the five ground roller species were high, averaging 11% divergence. For several species, samples were available from widely separated geographic regions and intraspecific sequence divergence was low (≤0.8%). Unweighted and weighted parsimony and maximum-likelihood analyses consistently recovered monophyly of the family, a sister relationship between Brachypteraciidae and Coraciidae, and monophyly of one of three currently recognized ground roller genera (Atelornis). At the base of the Brachypteraciidae clade, we could not fully resolve relationships between Uratelornis and two species currently placed in Brachypteracias. Because of the uncertainty of basal nodes in our phylogenetic reconstructions, we recommend returning B. squamigera to the monotypic genus Geobiastes. High levels of divergence among ground rollers are similar to levels found in other avian groups endemic to Madagascar. However, we suggest that molecular divergences appear far too low to be consistent with mid-Eocene fossils attributed to the family.

Mazzaella canaliculata comb. nov. based on Chondrus canaliculatus (Gigartinaceae, Rhodophyta) from Peru and Chile 

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 497 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-228
Author(s):  
NATALIA ARAKAKI ◽  
MARIA ELIANA RAMIREZ
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Central Coast ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Combined Data

Chondrus canaliculatus is a red seaweed endemic to Peru and Chile. The name currently represents the only species classified in Chondrus from the southern hemisphere. Based on previous phylogenetic analyses, C. canaliculatus is polyphyletic with respect to Chondrus and possesses unique morpho-anatomical features that distinguish it from other genera in the Gigartinaceae. In this study, expanded phylogenetic analyses using rbcL and COI sequences, a combined data set, and morphological details were further examined to address the taxonomy and evolutionary systematics of C. canaliculatus. Genetic analyses placed C. canaliculatus well within the genus Mazzaella and therefore Mazzaella canaliculata comb. nov. is proposed. Mazzaella canaliculata is distinguished from the other Mazzaella from the southern hemisphere by its dichotomous branching, secondary filaments that persist and leave a well-defined involucre, the absence of terminal tubular cells, and tetrasporangia that are borne from secondary filaments from inner cortical and outer medullary cells. The distributional range of M. canaliculata is extended from the central coast of Peru, Bahía de Pucusana, Lima (12° S) to Chiloé, Chile (41° S). This study contributes to the systematics of the Gigartinaceae and formally validates a problematic species based on a combined analysis of molecular, morphological and anatomical data using recently field collected specimens.

Integration of morphological and molecular data sets in estimating fungal phytogenies

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Lutzoni ◽  
Rytas Vilgalys
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Sampling Statistics ◽  
Combined Data

To provide a clearer picture of fungal species relationships, increased efforts are being made to include both molecular and morphological data sets in phylogenetic studies. This general practice in systematics has raised many unresolved questions and controversies regarding how to best integrate the phylogenetic information revealed by morphological and molecular characters. This is because phylogenetic trees derived using different data sets are rarely identical. Such discrepancies can be due to sampling error, to the use of an inappropriate evolutionary model for a given data set, or to different phylogenetic histories between the organisms and the molecule. Methods have been developed recently to test for heterogeneity among data sets, although none of these methods have been subjected to simulation studies. In this paper we compare three tests: a protocol described by Rodrigo et al., an adapted version of Faith's T-PTP test, and Kishino and Hasegawa's likelihood test. These tests were empirically compared using seven lichenized and nonlichenized Omphalina species and the related species Arrhenia lobata (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) for which nrDNA large subunit sequences and morphological data were gathered. The results of these three tests were inconsistent, Rodrigo's test being the only one suggesting that the two data sets could be combined. One of the three most parsimonious trees obtained from the combined data set with eight species is totally congruent with the relationships among the same eight species in an analysis restricted to the same portion of the nrDNA large subunit but extended to 26 species of Omphalina and related genera. Therefore, the results from phylogenetic analyses of this large molecular data set converged on one of the three most parsimonious topologies generated by the combined data set analysis. This topology was not recovered from either data set when analysed separately. This suggests that Rodrigo's homogeneity test might be better suited than the two other tests for determining if trees obtained from different data sets are sampling statistics of the same phylogenetic history. Key words: data sets heterogeneity, homogeneity test, lichen phylogeny, Omphalina, ribosomal DNA.

A revised molecular phylogeny reveals polyphyly in Schistura (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4559 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE SGOUROS ◽  
LAWRENCE M. PAGE ◽  
SARAH A. ORLOFSKE ◽  
ROBERT C. JADIN
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Third ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Taxonomic Changes ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Combined Data

There is a general consensus that the genus Schistura (Nemacheilidae), currently with 241 species, is not monophyletic. However, weak morphological synapomorphies and a lack of genetic data for most species of Schistura and their presumptive relatives have prevented meaningful diagnoses of species groups within this genus. To aid in deciphering evolutionary relationships, sequence data from two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and D-loop) were implemented in phylogenetic analyses for species of Schistura and other nemacheilids for which data from earlier studies and recently collected material were available. This analysis of 67 nemacheilid species, including 28 species of Schistura, provides the most comprehensive phylogeny of Nemacheilidae to date. In the phylogenetic tree for the combined data set, species of Schistura clustered in three clades. One clade contained 14 species of Schistura and Sectoria heterognathos and was sister to Homatula. A second clade of 11 species of Schistura was in a larger clade with Turcinoemacheilus kosswigi and Nemacheilus corica. The third clade contained three species, all from the Mae Khlong basin of Thailand. Taxonomic implications of these results are discussed; however, a more taxon-rich dataset and nuclear sequence data are needed before making taxonomic changes. 

Acanthocorticium brueggemannii, a new corticioid genus and species related to cyphelloid fungi in the euagarics clade (Agaricales, Basidiomycota)

Botany ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (8) ◽  
pp. 453-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano M. Baltazar ◽  
Sergio P. Gorjón ◽  
María Belén Pildain ◽  
Mario Rajchenberg ◽  
Rosa Mara B. da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hyphal System ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Combined Data

Acanthocorticium brueggemannii gen. et sp. nov. is introduced based on specimens from Southern Brazil. This corticioid fungus is characterized by resupinate basidiomes with smooth to tuberculate hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septate hyphae, finely echinulate halocystidia, cylindrical to clavate, dextrinoid acanthophyses, and globose, hyaline, smooth, and thin-walled IKI– basidiospores. Phylogenetic analyses of a LSU data set and a combined data set of ITS and LSU were carried out and the new taxon was found to be related to cyphelloid fungi within the Agaricales. Descriptions and drawings of the microscopic features of A. brueggemannii are provided.

Macrodiplodiopsis in Lophiostomataceae, Pleosporales

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
NALIN N. WIJAYAWARDENE ◽  
ERIO CAMPORESI ◽  
D. JAYARAMA BHAT ◽  
YU SONG ◽  
K.W. THILINI CHETHANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Posterior Probability ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
Combined Data

Macrodiplodiopsis desmazieri, the type species of Macrodiplodiopsis, was collected from Italy, and morpho-molecular studies were carried out. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum-likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian) using combined data set of LSU, SSU and EF1-α sequences showed our strain to group in Lophiostomataceae (Pleosporales) with Misturatosphaeria uniseriata and other Misturatosphaeria spp. Floricola striata, the type species of Floricola also groups in the same clade with a close relationship with Misturatosphaeria cruciformis. The Macrodiplodiopsis clade is well supported with high bootstrap and posterior probability. Floricola striata and nine species of Misturatosphaeria are transferred to the older name Macrodiplodiopsis as new combinations.

Thermocatellispora tengchongensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Streptosporangiaceae

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_10) ◽  
pp. 2417-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Min Zhou ◽  
Ling-Ling Yang ◽  
Zhao-Qi Song ◽  
Tian-Tian Yu ◽  
Guo-Xing Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Novel Genus And Species ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
Combined Data

A novel Gram-positive, aerobic, spore-forming, thermophilic actinomycete, designated strain YIM 77521T, was isolated from a sandy soil sample collected at Rehai National Park, Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The strain formed branched substrate mycelia and no fragmentation was found. Masses of short, straight or irregular chains of three to eight warty ornamented spores were borne from aerial mycelia. The strain contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall and the whole-cell sugars contained mannose, galactose, glucose and ribose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H8). The diagnostic polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and N-acetylglucosamine-containing phospholipids. The major fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 0 10-methyl and C18 : 0. The DNA G+C content of strain YIM 77521T was 73.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM 77521T fell within the radiation of the suborder Streptosporangineae and formed a distinct monophyletic lineage adjacent to the family Streptosporangiaceae with a high bootstrap value. On the basis of combined data from the phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain YIM 77521T represents a novel genus and species within the family Streptosporangiaceae , for which the name Thermocatellispora tengchongensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 77521T ( = DSM 45615T  = CCTCC AA 2011013T).

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