Analysis of Total Harmonic Distortion and implementation of Inverter Fault Diagnosis using Artificial Neural Network

As power electronics devices dependability is very significant to guarantee Multi Level Inverter (MLI) systems stable functioning, it is imperative to identify and position faults as promptly as possible. Due to the fault occurrences, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) on the system gets a hit. In this perspective, to improve fault diagnosis accuracy and efficient working of a Cascaded Multi level Inverter System (CHMLIS), a quick and accurate fault diagnosis strategy with an optimized training algorithm using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is presented. Also, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is analyzed for each switch Fault simulated using MATLAB/Simulink and the results are presented. Results shows the efficacy of Algorithm in identifying the fault. The auxiliary cell is replaced while the fault occurs in the main cell thus making the uninterrupted working of the Multi-Level Inverter (MLI) in the Induction Motor Drive (IMD).

Resurrection of the Family Grateloupiaceae Emend. (Halymeniales, Rhodophyta) Based on a Multigene Phylogeny and Comparative Reproductive Morphology

The marine red algal order Halymeniales currently includes two families, the Halymeniaceae and Tsengiaceae, and consist of 38 genera and about 358 species. Phylogenetic analyses on specific taxa of the order are common, but not comprehensive, leaving the many intra-ordinal relationships within the Halymeniales unresolved. To reassess the phylogeny of the Halymeniales, we conducted extensive phylogenetic analyses based on 207 rbcL sequences and multigene analyses (rbcL, psaA, psbA, cox1, and LSU) using 47 taxa from the order. The combined data set fully supports the monophyly of the Grateloupia sensu lato clade. Phylogenetic assessment of the reproductive structures in the order using the type of auxiliary cell ampullae, pericarp origin, and tetrasporangial development characters, supports a Grateloupia sensu lato clade distinct from the Halymeniaceae exemplified by the generitype Halymenia. As a result, we propose to reinstate the family Grateloupiaceae Schmitz based on the Grateloupia sensu lato clade and including Grateloupia and eight other genera: Dermocorynus, Mariaramirezia, Neorubra, Pachymeniopsis, Kintokiocolax, Phyllymenia, Prionitis, and Yonagunia. The emended Grateloupiaceae is distinguished from the Halymeniaceae by the following three characteristics; (i) simple unbranched and unilateral type of auxiliary cell ampullae, (ii) pericarp formed densely by the fusion of secondary medullary filaments from subcortical cells and lateral ampullary filaments from a fusion cell complex, (iii) tetrasporangia originating laterally from the outer cortex. The Halymeniales comprises the monophyletic Grateloupiaceae, Halymeniaceae sensu lato (which requires further study), and the Tsengiaceae.

Effective Acoustic Equations for a Layered Material Described by the Fractional Kelvin-Voigt Model

The paper is devoted to the construction of effective acoustic equations for a two-phase layered viscoelastic material described by the Kelvin–Voigt model with fractional time derivatives. For this purpose, the theory of two-scale convergence and the Laplace transform with respect to time are used. It is shown that the effective equations are partial integro-differential equations with fractional time derivatives and fractional exponential convolution kernels. In order to find the coefficients and the convolution kernels of these equations, several auxiliary cell problems are formulated and solved

Soft-Switching High Gain Step-Up DC/DC Converter without Auxiliary Switches

This manuscript presents a novel high gain, high efficiency Soft-switching high step-up DC/DC converter for battery-operated vehicles. The high step-up converter can transfer the power flow from the small voltage to high voltage. The conventional two input inductor hard switched non-isolated DC-DC converter improved with an additional auxiliary cell to attain the Zero voltage switching, due to obtaining the softswitching the efficiency may improve and reduces the stress across the main switches. The isolated converters are used as a transformer to attain high gain, whereas in the proposed converter obtains the high gain without a transformer and contains the high efficiency in the step-up mode of operation. The main aim of the converter is to attain the Zero voltage switching without using any additional auxiliary switches. In this paper, the input voltage applied as 30V, and the obtained output voltage is fifteen times to the applied voltage, which is 450V and the output power 850W. This paper mainly presents the theoretical analysis of converter operation and the evaluation of the simulation results validated with the theoretical analysis.

Design and Simulation of a New ZVT Bi-directional DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicles

<p>This paper presents a new zero voltage transistion (ZVT) bi-directional DC-DCconverter for energy storage system in DC traction. This bidirectional converter can transfers the power flow from low voltage side to high voltage side and viceversa. The conventional hard-switched non-isolated converter improved with the additional auxiliary cell to obtain zero voltage transition for the IGBTs. The main advantages of this topology are reduced the switching losses and improved the efficiency as well.The main aim of this converter is to achieve the operation of zero voltage transition during the commutation of main switches from off to on by utilizing auxiliary cell, which consist active and passive elements.The boost and buck modes of operations are achieved with the zero voltage transistion, which reduce the IGBTs current stresses and switching losses.This paper mainly describes the operation principles and the evaluation of the simulation results with the aid of Matlab simulations.The obtained results were proved the expected assumptions of the theoretical analysis.</p>

Grateloupia tenuisWang et Luan sp. nov. (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta): A New Species from South China Sea Based on Morphological Observation andrbcL Gene Sequences Analysis

Grateloupia tenuisWang et Luan sp. nov. is a new species described from Lingshui, Hainan Province, South China Sea. Based on the external form and internal structure, combined withrbcL gene sequence analysis,Grateloupia tenuisis distinct from otherGrateloupiaspecies as follows: (1) thalli is slippery and cartilaginous in texture; possess fewer branches, relatively slight main axes, and two or three dichotomous branches; (2) cortex is 5-6 layers; medulla is solid when young, but hollow in old branches; reproductive structures are dispersed in main axes of thalli and lower portions of branchlets; exhibitsGrateloupia-type auxiliary cell ampullae; (3) the four studiedG. tenuissequences were positioned in a largeGrateloupiaclade of Halymeniaceae, which included sister group generitypeG. filicinawith 68 bp differences;G. tenuiswas determined to be a sister taxon to theG. catenata,G. ramosissima,G. orientalis, andG. filiformissubclade. The pairwise distances betweenG. tenuisand these species were 39 to 50 bp. The sequences ofG. tenuisdiffered by 81–108 bp from the sequences of other samples inGrateloupia; there are 114–133 bp changes betweenG. tenuisand other genera of Halymeniaceae. In final analysis, we consideredGrateloupia tenuisWang et Luan sp. nov. to be a new species of genusGrateloupia.