Progress of the Art of Macrophage Polarization and Different Subtypes in Mycobacterial Infection

Mycobacteriosis, mostly resulting from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTb), nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), and Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), is the long-standing granulomatous disease that ravages several organs including skin, lung, and peripheral nerves, and it has a spectrum of clinical-pathologic features based on the interaction of bacilli and host immune response. Histiocytes in infectious granulomas mainly consist of infected and uninfected macrophages (Mφs), multinucleated giant cells (MGCs), epithelioid cells (ECs), and foam cells (FCs), which are commonly discovered in lesions in patients with mycobacteriosis. Granuloma Mφ polarization or reprogramming is the crucial appearance of the host immune response to pathogen aggression, which gets a command of endocellular microbe persistence. Herein, we recapitulate the current gaps and challenges during Mφ polarization and the different subpopulations of mycobacteriosis.

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The roles of macrophage polarization in the host immune response to sepsis

International Immunopharmacology ◽

10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107791 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 96 ◽

pp. 107791

Author(s):

Xinsen Chen ◽

Yancun Liu ◽

Yulei Gao ◽

Songtao Shou ◽

Yanfen Chai

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Macrophage Polarization ◽

Host Immune Response

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Differentiation of granuloma cells (epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells): a morphometric analysis

Virchows Archiv B Cell Pathology Including Molecular Pathology ◽

10.1007/bf02889900 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 181-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Hans-Peter Baum ◽

Wolfgang Thoenes

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽

Epithelioid Cells

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The differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells in subcutaneous granulomas

Cell and Tissue Research ◽

10.1007/bf00233564 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 197 (3) ◽

pp. 379-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

H. J. van der Rhee ◽

C. P. M. van der Burgh-de Winter ◽

W. Th. Daems

Keyword(s):

Giant Cells ◽

Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽

Epithelioid Cells

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Differential expression of mycobacterial antigen MPT64, apoptosis and inflammatory markers in multinucleated giant cells and epithelioid cells in granulomas caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Virchows Archiv ◽

10.1007/s00428-008-0575-z ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 452 (4) ◽

pp. 449-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Tehmina Mustafa ◽

Harald G. Wiker ◽

Odd Mørkve ◽

Lisbet Sviland

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Mycobacterial Antigen ◽

Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽

Epithelioid Cells

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Classic Adamantinoma with Osteofibrous Dysplasia-like Foci and Secondary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Pediatric and Developmental Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10024-002-8812-y ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 173-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Angelica Putnam ◽

Suzanne Yandow ◽

Cheryl M. Coffin

Keyword(s):

Aneurysmal Bone Cyst ◽

Unusual Case ◽

Bone Cyst ◽

Bone Lesion ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽

Osteofibrous Dysplasia ◽

Pathologic Features ◽

History Of ◽

Secondary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Adamantinoma, a rare bone lesion of the tibia and fibula, has two distinct variants, classic adamantinoma and osteofibrous dysplasia-like adamantinoma. Composite lesions have not been described. Aneurysmal bone cyst is a benign cystic lesion which may also occur in the tibia and fibula. We report an unusual case of classic adamantinoma with osteofibrous dysplasia-like areas and foci of secondary aneurysmal bone cyst with prominent giant cells. A lesion was diagnosed in a 17-year-old girl with a 14-year history of a slowly enlarging left tibial mass and increasing deformity. Pathologically, the predominant pattern was classic adamantinoma, with minor foci of osteofibrous dysplasia-like adamantinoma and areas of secondary aneurysmal bone cyst with abundant multinucleated giant cells. We report the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of this case, and summarize lesions associated with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst. To our knowledge, the association of adamantinoma with secondary aneurysmal bone cyst has not been previously reported.

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In Vitro Formation of Macrophage- Epithelioid Cells and Multinucleated Giant Cells by 1?,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3from Human Circulating Monocytes

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb18497.x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 465 (1 Tenth Interna) ◽

pp. 211-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

MASATAKA OHTA ◽

TETSURO OKABE ◽

KEIYA OZAWA ◽

AKIO URABE ◽

FUMIMARO TAKAKU

Keyword(s):

Giant Cells ◽

Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽

Epithelioid Cells

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The differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells in subcutaneous granulomas

Cell and Tissue Research ◽

10.1007/bf00233563 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 197 (3) ◽

pp. 355-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

H. J. van der Rhee ◽

C. P. M. van der Burgh-de Winter ◽

W. Th. Daems

Keyword(s):

Giant Cells ◽

Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽

Epithelioid Cells

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Monocyte progenitors give rise to multinucleated giant cells

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-22103-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anne Kathrin Lösslein ◽

Florens Lohrmann ◽

Lisa Scheuermann ◽

Kourosh Gharun ◽

Jana Neuber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Immune Response ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Cell Transformation ◽

Cholesterol Metabolism ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Multinucleated Giant Cells ◽

Toll Like Receptor ◽

High Cholesterol ◽

Mycobacterial Infections

AbstractThe immune response to mycobacteria is characterized by granuloma formation, which features multinucleated giant cells as a unique macrophage type. We previously found that multinucleated giant cells result from Toll-like receptor-induced DNA damage and cell autonomous cell cycle modifications. However, the giant cell progenitor identity remained unclear. Here, we show that the giant cell-forming potential is a particular trait of monocyte progenitors. Common monocyte progenitors potently produce cytokines in response to mycobacteria and their immune-active molecules. In addition, common monocyte progenitors accumulate cholesterol and lipids, which are prerequisites for giant cell transformation. Inducible monocyte progenitors are so far undescribed circulating common monocyte progenitor descendants with high giant cell-forming potential. Monocyte progenitors are induced in mycobacterial infections and localize to granulomas. Accordingly, they exhibit important immunological functions in mycobacterial infections. Moreover, their signature trait of high cholesterol metabolism may be piggy-backed by mycobacteria to create a permissive niche.

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