Bamboo Fences as a Nature-Based Measure for Coastal Wetland Protection in Vietnam

Climate change has induced sea-level rise and a high intensity of storms, which create high nearshore waves. These caused severe mangrove degradation and erosion along the coastal wetland areas in the Mekong Delta in Vietnam. Mangroves in the coastal wetland foreshore can withstand only some certain design storm waves and grow under several certain submerged conditions. Therefore, reducing waves and shallowing wetland elevation for recovering mangroves and protecting them in an early birth state is important. Bamboo or melaleuca fences have been used as a nature-based solution to reduce waves and currents approaching the shore for these above purposes along Vietnamese Mekong deltaic coasts. This paper investigates wave transmission through the bamboo fence system and assesses its effectiveness in protecting the mangroves. Waves were simultaneously measured at two locations for comparison: in front of and behind the fences. The result shows that the wave reduction by the fences is considerable, and sedimentation occurs rapidly in the shelter areas behind the fences, which is highly favorable for the recovery and growth of mangroves. Next, the empirical formulae have been proposed for relationships between the wave transmission coefficient of the fence and the dimensionless wave-structures parameters, such as the relative water depth, the wave steepness, and the fence freeboard. The findings create a basic technical reference for designing a naturally friendly-based solution by using bamboo and/or wooden fences in coastal protection generally and protecting mangroves specifically. The outcome of the research contributes to narrowing an existing gap in Vietnamese design guidelines for coastal wetland protection and also facilitates the use of locally available eco-friendly materials for coastal management along the Vietnamese Mekong delta coasts.

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SIMULATION OF NEARSHORE WAVES AND CURRENTS ALONG SALALAH COAST (OMAN) DURING THE TROPICAL CYCLONE ARB01

Proceedings of International Conference "Managinag risks to coastal regions and communities in a changinag world" (EMECS'11 - SeaCoasts XXVI) ◽

10.21610/conferencearticle_58b43151d336a ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

AbdAlla M. AbdAlla ◽

Abkar A. Iraqi ◽

Magdy M. Farag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tropical Cyclone ◽

Domain Boundary ◽

Circulation Model ◽

Shielding Effect ◽

Strong Current ◽

Waves And Currents ◽

Wave Heights ◽

Nearshore Waves ◽

Flood Period ◽

Significant Wave Heights

Sea level and wave data at Salalah coast (Oman) were used to simulate nearshore waves and current during the tropical cyclone ARB01 (9 May2002). STWAVE model (Steady State Spectral Wave) was applied for nearshore wave simulation, while M2D model ((Two-Dimensional Depth Averaged circulation model) was used to simulate nearshore current. The results of simulations (taking into account the mutual effects of both current and waves) showed that: The significant wave heights generally decrease from about 6m at the domain boundary to about 1 m close to the coast. The wave heights during the ebb period were higher than that during the flood period by about 1.5m. Along Salalah coast, higher waves were found along the eastern side of the domain. This is because the shielding effect of breakwater, which protect the western part of the coast from high waves. Relatively Strong current with values up to 1.5 ms-1 were found in the nearshore region during both ebb and flood periods. The M2D model results also showed cyclonic circulations during these periods which help in the renewal of harbor waters. Generally, the model results showed good agreements with observations in the investigated area.

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Valuing Ecosystem Services for Coastal Wetland Protection and Restoration: Progress and Challenges

Resources ◽

10.3390/resources2030213 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 213-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Edward Barbier

Keyword(s):

Ecosystem Services ◽

Coastal Wetland ◽

Wetland Protection

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Micro Sand Engine Beach Stabilization Strategy at Puerto Morelos, Mexico

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering ◽

10.3390/jmse8040247 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mireille Escudero ◽

Edgar Mendoza ◽

Rodolfo Silva

Keyword(s):

Small Scale ◽

Coastal Protection ◽

Protection Measure ◽

Morphological Response ◽

Protection Measures ◽

Small Bell ◽

Waves And Currents ◽

Maintenance Work ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

The Waves

In the last decade, innovative beach nourishment strategies have been developed, driven by the increased worldwide interest in environmentally friendly coastal protection measures. In this context, the massive nourishment project of the Netherlands, known as Sand Engine, begun in 2011, has been hailed as a successful means of beach protection. Continuous monitoring, field campaigns, and numerical modeling have shown that the great volume of sand deployed is gradually transported by the waves and currents along the coastline, avoiding the need for repeated invasive, small scale beach replenishments. A very small, bell-shaped Sand Engine was designed to protect the beachfront at a tourist resort near Puerto Morelos, Mexico. To estimate the morphological response of the beach and the functioning of the micro Sand Engine as a sand reservoir, XBeach numerical modelling was applied to the project. The micro Sand Engine is seen to be a sustainable and eco-friendly coastal protection measure, especially applicable when a large nourishment project is not viable. Maintenance work for the nourishment is cost and time effective, and any negative impacts to sensitive ecosystems nearby can be detected and controlled quickly.

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Coastal Wetland Degradation and its Restoration Planning Incorporating Landscape and Ecological Processes in Tianjin, Northern China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.4123 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 4123-4132 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei Qing Meng ◽

Bei Bei Hu ◽

Zhong Liang Wang

Keyword(s):

Coastal Wetland ◽

Salt Content ◽

Ecological Integrity ◽

Coastal Region ◽

Northern China ◽

Vegetation Succession ◽

Natural Ecosystem ◽

Wetland Protection ◽

Ecological Processes ◽

Restoration Planning

Coastal wetlands are the main natural ecosystem type and provide important ecosystem services. During the past thirty years, wetlands had experienced increasing pressures from occupation and degradation with coastal economic activities in Tianjin. A large amount of natural wetland had been changed into artificial wetland, and rivers had been seriously polluted. Using remote-sensing images, the recent history of the dynamics for the shoreline changes and reclamation were described. The area of reclamation land increased from 52.32 km2 in 2004 to 312.78 km2 in 2010. Following the investigation, 232 species wetland plants were found and they are belongs to 46 families and 135 genera. The community is mainly composed of herbs, and no big trees were founded as high salt content in soil and groundwater. The coastal wetland vegetation succession rules were summarized based on investigation and a wetland protection and restoration program was put forward based on the vegetation succession sequence and the landscape context. The planning includ two wetland protection sites, two wetland restoration sites, one wetland park and one wetland education site to reconstruct the ecological integrity in Tianjin coastal region.

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Concentration of Slowly-Varying Nearshore Waves and Currents around the Edge of Two Different Bottom Slopes

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Ser B2 (Coastal Engineering) ◽

10.2208/kaigan.65.211 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 211-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yoshimitsu TAJIMA ◽

Hiroaki ISHIZASHI ◽

Shinji SATO

Keyword(s):

Waves And Currents ◽

Nearshore Waves

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URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT AND COASTAL WETLAND PROTECTION IN COLLIER COUNTY, FLORIDA

JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association ◽

10.1111/j.1752-1688.1975.tb00699.x ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 455-468

Author(s):

Ronald L. Wycoff ◽

R. David G. Pyne

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Coastal Wetland ◽

Wetland Protection ◽

Urban Water ◽

Urban Water Management ◽

Collier County

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Remote Sensing Approach for Monitoring Coastal Wetland in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam: Change Trends and Their Driving Forces

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13173359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 3359

Author(s):

An T. N. Dang ◽

Lalit Kumar ◽

Michael Reid ◽

Ho Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Forested Wetlands ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Shoreline Erosion ◽

Wetland Protection ◽

Mangrove Forests ◽

Aquaculture Ponds ◽

Coastal Lands

Coastal wetlands in the Mekong Delta (MD), Vietnam, provide various vital ecosystem services for the region. These wetlands have experienced critical changes due to the increase in regional anthropogenic activities, global climate change, and the associated sea level rise (SLR). However, documented information and research on the dynamics and drivers of these important wetland areas remain limited for the region. The present study aims to determine the long-term dynamics of wetlands in the south-west coast of the MD using remote sensing approaches, and analyse the potential factors driving these dynamics. Wetland maps from the years 1995, 2002, 2013, and 2020 at a 15 m spatial resolution were derived from Landsat images with the aid of a hybrid classification approach. The accuracy of the wetland maps was relatively high, with overall accuracies ranging from 86–93%. The findings showed that the critical changes over the period 1995/2020 included the expansion of marine water into coastal lands, showing 129% shoreline erosion; a remarkable increase of 345% in aquaculture ponds; and a reduction of forested wetlands and rice fields/other crops by 32% and 73%, respectively. Although mangrove forests slightly increased for the period 2013/2020, the overall trend was also a reduction of 5%. Our findings show that the substantial increase in aquaculture ponds is at the expense of mangroves, forested wetlands, and rice fields/other crops, while shoreline erosion significantly affected coastal lands, especially mangrove forests. The interaction of a set of environmental and socioeconomic factors were responsible for the dynamics. In particular, SLR was identified as one of the main underlying drivers; however, the rapid changes were directly driven by policies on land-use for economic development in the region. The trends of wetland changes and SLR implicate their significant effects on environment, natural resources, food security, and likelihood of communities in the region sustaining for the long-term. These findings can assist in developing and planning appropriate management strategies and policies for wetland protection and conservation, and for sustainable development in the region.

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SIMULATION OF NEARSHORE WAVES AND CURRENTS ALONG SALALAH COAST (OMAN) DURING THE TROPICAL CYCLONE ARB01

Proceedings of International Conference "Managinag risks to coastal regions and communities in a changinag world" (EMECS'11 - SeaCoasts XXVI) ◽

10.31519/conferencearticle_5b1b9481000bf4.73630029 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

AbdAlla M. AbdAlla ◽

Abkar A. Iraqi ◽

Magdy M. Farag ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tropical Cyclone ◽

Domain Boundary ◽

Circulation Model ◽

Shielding Effect ◽

Strong Current ◽

Waves And Currents ◽

Wave Heights ◽

Nearshore Waves ◽

Flood Period ◽

Significant Wave Heights

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Ecosystem services in coastal wetlands: Investigating bio- and hydro-mechanical traits of salt marsh vegetation

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8626 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kara Keimer ◽

Charlotte Steinigeweg ◽

Viktoria Kosmalla ◽

Oliver Lojek ◽

David Schürenkamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nature Conservation ◽

Ecosystem Services ◽

Salt Marshes ◽

Flexural Rigidity ◽

Root Length Density ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Coastal Protection ◽

Systematic Observation ◽

Data Set

Biodiversity and nature conservation play an increasingly important role with growing societal awareness, which is reflected in current European legislative frameworks such as the Marine Strategy Framework Directive or the Water Framework Directive, calling for integrative solutions and restoration of good environmental status. Salt marshes provide ecosystem services which can help mitigate climate change and sea level rise threats and simultaneously address coastal squeeze problems. The periodical submergence due to tidal changes creates a special ecosystem with different zones delineated by a landward increasing marsh elevation, which are inhabited by different plant and animal communities. In addition to their ecological value, salt marshes provide coastal protection, as they dissipate wave energy and stabilize otherwise exposed coastal soil lining sea dikes. &#160;The "Gute K&#252;ste Niedersachsen" research project investigates which environmental properties account for livable and safe coastal conditions along temperate climate coastlines, focusing on the symbiosis of human settlements, nature conservation and sustainable coastal protection. Specifically, the identification of vegetation-mediated ecosystem services within salt marshes at the North Sea coast of Lower Saxony, Germany is addressed here. The overarching goal of the transdisciplinary project is to gain knowledge of natural or nature-based systems and their processes within real-world laboratories at the coast to incorporate proven ecosystem services into standardized coastal protection design guidelines and promote integrated coastal zone management.Methods include field observations and experiments, hydraulic laboratory experiments and numerical simulations over the course of 5 years. During the first years, a systematic observation of vegetation regarding distribution patterns, growth, density, and bio-mechanical (e.g. flexural rigidity, area moment of inertia) as well as root properties (e.g. root length density, tensile strength) and their respective seasonality is conducted. Through comprehensive monitoring covering large areas of halophytic meadows, a physical model of heterogeneous salt marshes will be developed. Simultaneous measurements of environmental parameters covering waves, currents and soil properties yield a comprehensive data set for analysis, numerical and analytical modeling purposes.&#160;Hydraulic experiments modeling the wave-vegetation-soil interaction will be devised based on field data, developing dynamically and geometrically scaled vegetation surrogates. Besides vegetation properties aboveground, a focus will be on previously sparsely considered root system effects that is hypothesized to govern erosional processes in salt marshes.

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