scholarly journals Report of the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Lyme Disease Subcommittee of the HHS Tick Borne Disease Working Group

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam T. Donta ◽  
Leith J. States ◽  
Wendy A. Adams ◽  
Troy Bankhead ◽  
Nicole Baumgarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Tick Borne Disease

An understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Lyme disease is key to the ultimate care of patients with Lyme disease. To better understand the various mechanisms underlying the infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Lyme Disease Subcommittee was formed to review what is currently known about the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Lyme disease, from its inception, but also especially about its ability to persist in the host. To that end, the authors of this report were assembled to update our knowledge about the infectious process, identify the gaps that exist in our understanding of the process, and provide recommendations as to how to best approach solutions that could lead to a better means to manage patients with persistent Lyme disease.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF BORRELIA SPIROCHETES IN TICKS WITH q16 REAL-TIME PCR

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Marina Zekic Stosic ◽  
Snežana Tomanović ◽  
Ratko Sukara ◽  
Smiljana Milošević ◽  
Sara Savic
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Reca Gene ◽  
Key Words Lyme Disease ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi S.L ◽  
Tick Borne Disease

Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. spirochaetes. It is transmitted by several hard ticks of the genus Ixodes, mainly Ixodes ricinus in Europe. Higher environment temperature caused by climate changes is linked to a higher activity of ticks during most of the year, thus the importance of tick-borne diseases is increasing in the region. A total of 90 ticks were collected by removing from humans. Every tick collected was identified regarding the species. Total of 79 ticks belonging to the genus Ixodes were tested for the presence of the pathogen strains of Borrelia burgdorferi s.l, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii and Borrelia burgdoreri sensu stricto by a real-time PCR assay targeting the recA gene.  In total, 8 of them tested positive. Representative samples were tested with conventional PCR and results were in accordance. This study showed that the Genesig q16 Real-Time PCR is an easy diagnostic test for fast detection of Borrelia spirochetes in ticks. Key words: Lyme disease, tick-borne disease, real-time PCR, Borrelia

scholarly journals A non-traumatic, blue-purple auricle: case report

2009 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 804-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sewnaik ◽  
J Kamarashev ◽  
N S Peters ◽  
J B van Rijswijk
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Typical Case ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Tick Borne Disease

AbstractObjective:We report a typical case of earlobe lymphocytoma.Method:A case report and literature review are presented.Results:A 10-year-old girl presented with a blue-coloured earlobe. A diagnosis of Lyme disease was confirmed by serological tests. Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. It is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics.Conclusion:The diagnostic process and ENT symptomatology of Lyme disease and borrelial lymphocytoma are summarised and discussed.

scholarly journals Borreliosis in the inhabitants of Bielsko-Biała and the surrounding area in the period 2008-2017

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
The World ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
The City

Introduction: Lyme disease is a multiorgan tick-borne disease which endemically occurs primarily in countries in the Northern Hemisphere. It is caused by the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, and the vector of infection are ticks from the Ixodes family. In recent years it has been noted that there is an increase in the number of Lyme disease cases in the world. Due to the varied clinical picture of disease and the possibility of complications, Lyme disease should be diagnosed early and properly treated. The objective of the research was an analysis of the occurrence of Lyme disease among inhabitants of “bielski” district and the city of Bielsko-Biala in years 2008-2017. Methods: The analysis of the occurrence of Lyme disease was based on data collected from the Sanitary Epidemiological Station in Bielsko-Biala. Results: In the analysed period there were 1450 cases of Lyme disease diagnosed, mostly among people living in the city which has a population of more than 10000 inhabitants. The disease most frequently afflicted women 51 to 60 and 61 to 70 years of age. Tick bites occurred most frequently during summer months. The most common symptom of infection was malaise, fever and erythema at the site of the tick bite. Conclusions: In the analysed period covering the years 2008-2017, the number of cases of Lyme disease among people living in Bielsko-Biala and the surrounding area remains on the similar level with a noticeable significant increase in 2009 and a decrease in 2014-2015. Women were suffering from Lyme disease more often than men. Lyme disease affected people of all ages. However, the group at risk consisted of people in their fifties and sixties. Tick bites, which resulted in bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi infection, occurred between July and November with the intensity in the summer months.

scholarly journals Lyme disease in Poland in 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 317-320
Author(s):  
Jakub Zbrzeźniak ◽  
Iwona Paradowska-Stankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Tick Borne Disease ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

INTRODUCTION. Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease, caused by spirochetes of the genus Borrelia, transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes genus. Infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi can occur throughout Poland and therefore, according to ECDC description, the whole country should be considered as an endemic area. AIM OF THE STUDY. The aim of the study is to assess the epidemiological situation of Lyme disease in Poland in 2017 in comparison to the situation in previous years. MATERIAL AND METHODS. The epidemiological situation of Lyme disease in Poland was assessed on data from the annual bulletin “Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2017”. (MP Czarkowski et al., Warsaw 2018, NIZP-PZH, GIS). RESULTS. In 2017 were registered 21,514 Lyme disease cases i.e. 1.48% more than in the previous year and 2,324 people were hospitalized. Epidemiological situation in Western European countries and Poland are similar. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION. A slightly increase in 2017 and lack of a clear trend in individual voivodeships may indicate, that a very high level of sensitivity of epidemiological surveillance has been achieved.

New ultrastructural findings about Borrelia burgdorferi by cryofixation, negative staining, thin sectioning and scanning techniques

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-583
Author(s):  
S. F. Hayes ◽  
M. D. Corwin ◽  
T. G. Schwan ◽  
D. W. Dorward ◽  
W. Burgdorfer
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Negative Staining ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Ultrastructural Findings

Characterization of Borrelia burgdorferi strains by means of negative staining EM has become an integral part of many studies related to the biology of the Lyme disease organism. However, relying solely upon negative staining to compare new isolates with prototype B31 or other borreliae is often unsatisfactory. To obtain more satisfactory results, we have relied upon a correlative approach encompassing a variety EM techniques, i.e., scanning for topographical features and cryotomy, negative staining and thin sectioning to provide a more complete structural characterization of B. burgdorferi.For characterization, isolates of B. burgdorferi were cultured in BSK II media from which they were removed by low speed centrifugation. The sedimented borrelia were carefully resuspended in stabilizing buffer so as to preserve their features for scanning and negative staining. Alternatively, others were prepared for conventional thin sectioning and for cryotomy using modified procedures. For thin sectioning, the fixative described by Ito, et al.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens in Suburban Natural Habitats of Central Maryland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T Milholland ◽  
Lars Eisen ◽  
Robyn M Nadolny ◽  
Andrias Hojgaard ◽  
Erika T Machtinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Borrelia Miyamotoi ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Questing Ticks ◽  
Tick Vectors

Abstract Lyme and other tick-borne diseases are increasing in the eastern United States and there is a lack of research on integrated strategies to control tick vectors. Here we present results of a study on tick-borne pathogens detected from tick vectors and rodent reservoirs from an ongoing 5-yr tick suppression study in the Lyme disease-endemic state of Maryland, where human-biting tick species, including Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) (the primary vector of Lyme disease spirochetes), are abundant. During the 2017 tick season, we collected 207 questing ticks and 602 ticks recovered from 327 mice (Peromyscus spp. (Rodentia: Cricetidae)), together with blood and ear tissue from the mice, at seven suburban parks in Howard County. Ticks were selectively tested for the presence of the causative agents of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato [s.l.]), anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), babesiosis (Babesia microti), ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia ewingii, Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and ‘Panola Mountain’ Ehrlichia) and spotted fever group rickettsiosis (Rickettsia spp.). Peromyscus ear tissue and blood samples were tested for Bo. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s), A. phagocytophilum, Ba. microti, and Borrelia miyamotoi. We found 13.6% (15/110) of questing I. scapularis nymphs to be Bo. burgdorferi s.l. positive and 1.8% (2/110) were A. phagocytophilum positive among all sites. Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. was found in 71.1% (54/76) of I. scapularis nymphs removed from mice and 58.8% (194/330) of captured mice. Results from study on tick abundance and pathogen infection status in questing ticks, rodent reservoirs, and ticks feeding on Peromyscus spp. will aid efficacy evaluation of the integrated tick management measures being implemented.

scholarly journals Arthritis and Diagnostics in Lyme Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Javier A. Quintero ◽  
Raluchukwu Attah ◽  
Reena Khianey ◽  
Eugenio Capitle ◽  
Steven E. Schutzer
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Lyme Arthritis ◽  
Differential Diagnoses ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
Indirect Measure

The diagnosis of Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is clinical but frequently supported by laboratory tests. Lyme arthritis is now less frequently seen than at the time of its discovery. However, it still occurs, and it is important to recognize this, the differential diagnoses, and how laboratory tests can be useful and their limitations. The most frequently used diagnostic tests are antibody based. However, antibody testing still suffers from many drawbacks and is only an indirect measure of exposure. In contrast, evolving direct diagnostic methods can indicate active infection.

scholarly journals Populations of Human T Lymphocytes That Traverse the Vascular Endothelium Stimulated by Borrelia burgdorferi Are Enriched with Cells That Secrete Gamma Interferon

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1530-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna I. Gergel ◽  
Martha B. Furie
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Borrelia Burgdorferi ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Some diseases are characterized by prevalence in the affected tissues of type 1 T lymphocytes, which secrete gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and other proinflammatory cytokines. For example, type 1 T cells predominate in the lesions of patients with Lyme disease, which is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. We used an in vitro model of the blood vessel wall to test the premise that the vascular endothelium actively recruits circulating type 1 T cells to such lesions. When T lymphocytes isolated from human peripheral blood were examined, the populations that traversed monolayers of resting human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) or HUVEC stimulated by interleukin-1β or B. burgdorferi were markedly enriched for T cells that produced IFN-γ compared to the initially added population of T cells. No enrichment was seen for cells that produced interleukin-4, a marker for type 2 T lymphocytes. Very late antigen-4 and CD11/CD18 integrins mediated passage of the T cells across both resting and stimulated HUVEC, and the endothelium-derived chemokine CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein 1) was responsible for the enhanced migration of T cells across stimulated HUVEC. These results suggest that the vascular endothelium may contribute to the selective accumulation of type 1 T cells in certain pathological lesions, including those of Lyme disease.

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