scholarly journals Creation of a New Explosive Injury Equipment to Induce a Rabbit Animal Model of Closed Globe Blast Injury via Gas Shock

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Liu ◽  
Tiantian Yang ◽  
Jinguo Yu ◽  
Mengxuan Li ◽  
Jianan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Definitive Evidence ◽  
Pressure Independent ◽  
Rabbit Animal Model

To establish a rabbit animal model of closed globe blast injury with an application of self-developed explosive injury equipment, we tend to explore the anatomic and pathological changes of eyes under different gas pressure. The device comprises of high-pressure air source compression pump, air channel, and gas shock. There were 36 healthy bluish blue rabbits exposed to one of five blast pressures (500, 1,000, 1,500, 2,000, and 5,000 Kpa). Slit lamp microscope, B-mode ultrasonography, fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) examination were performed at 0-, 1-, 3-, and 7-days post exposure, while gross histopathology was assessed with H&E stain at 7 days. The contralateral eyes and non-blast exposed rabbits were used as controls. Definitive evidence of closed globe blast injury was obtained. Corneal edema and hyphema were observed in the models under all pressures with no full-thickness globe injury, or lens rupture, as the severity was pressure independent. There was no obvious retinal abnormality on B ultrasound or OCT scan, while light vitreous hemorrhage, commotio retinae, and heavy retinal pigmentation presented on one eye, respectively, in the eyes exposed to 5,000 Kpa. Increased retinal thickness with disorganizations on the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer and RGC apoptosis in groups under higher pressure (>500 Kpa). IOP of injured eyes were statistically decreased at day 1 and 7 post injury (p < 0.05). Conclusively, the rabbit animal model induced by self-developed equipment could mimic the clinical features of closed ocular blast injury successfully that was feasible and easy to operate. This will be a new rabbit animal model for investigating mechanisms and new therapeutic interventions of closed globe blast injury in the future.

scholarly journals Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review of the Literature

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1137
Author(s):  
Irini Chatziralli ◽  
Anat Loewenstein
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Panretinal Photocoagulation ◽  
Wide Field ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Keywords Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
The Impact

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. The purpose of this review is to gather the existing literature regarding the use of the approved anti-vascular endothelial growth (anti-VEGF) agents in the treatment of DR. Methods: A comprehensive literature review in PubMed engine search was performed for articles written in English language up to 1 July 2021, using the keywords “diabetic retinopathy”, “ranibizumab”, “aflibercept”, and “anti-VEGF”. Emphasis was given on pivotal trials and recent robust studies. Results: Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents have been found to significantly improve visual acuity and reduce retinal thickness in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) in a long-term follow-up ranging from 1 to 5 years and are considered the standard-of-care in such patients. Regarding DR, intravitreal anti-VEGF agents provided ≥2-step improvement in DR severity on color fundus photography in about 30–35% of patients with NPDR at baseline, in the majority of clinical trials originally designed to evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents in patients with DME. Protocol S and CLARITY study have firstly reported that intravitreal anti-VEGF agents are non-inferior to panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with proliferative DR (PDR). However, the use of new imaging modalities, such as optical coherence tomography-angiography and wide-field fluorescein angiography, reveals conflicting results about the impact of anti-VEGF agents on the regression of retinal non-perfusion in patients with DR. Furthermore, one should consider the high “loss to follow-up” rate and its devastating consequences especially in patients with PDR, when deciding to treat the latter with intravitreal anti-VEGF agents alone compared to PRP. In patients with PDR, combination of treatment of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents and PRP has been also supported. Moreover, in the specific case of vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment as complications of PDR, intravitreal anti-VEGF agents have been found to be beneficial as an adjunct to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), most commonly given 3–7 days before PPV, offering reduction in the recurrence of vitreous hemorrhage. Conclusions: There is no general consensus regarding the use of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents in patients with DR. Although anti-VEGF agents are the gold standard in the treatment of DME and seem to improve DR severity, challenges in their use exist and should be taken into account in the decision of treatment, based on an individualized approach.

Retinal Manifestations of Incontinentia Pigmenti: A Case Series of 14 Patients Highlighting the Importance of Intravenous Fluorescein Angiography and the Benefits of Early Laser Photocoagulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 247412642096264
Author(s):  
Jaimie Bryan ◽  
Reda Issa ◽  
Benjamin Bakall ◽  
Matthew Welch ◽  
J. Shepard Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescein Angiography ◽  
Laser Photocoagulation ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Vitreoretinal Surgery ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Incontinentia Pigmenti ◽  
Peripheral Ischemia ◽  
Fundus Photographs

Purpose: This case series describes the nature and frequency of retinal manifestations in patients with incontinentia pigmenti (IP). Methods: This is a retrospective single-center case series of all known patients with IP who presented to Associated Retina Consultants (Phoenix, AZ) between May 2016 and April 2019. Twenty-eight eyes of 14 patients with a dermatologic diagnosis of IP were included (n = 28). Most patients underwent examination under anesthesia with fundus photographs and intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA). Results: Of the 28 eyes, 8 (28.6%) had abnormal retinal findings on fundus examination. Of the 26 eyes that had IVFA, 10 (38.5%) had abnormal findings: Seven eyes (26.9%) had peripheral ischemia, 2 (7.7%) had previous peripheral laser scarring, and 2 (7.7%) had active peripheral neovascularization. Three eyes with normal examination results were found to have mild ischemia by IVFA. Patients with ischemia confirmed by IVFA were treated with laser photocoagulation. During follow-up, 4 previously treated eyes received additional laser photocoagulation. No patients showed vision loss, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal detachment, or adverse effects of treatment. No patients required vitreoretinal surgery. Conclusions: IP is a potentially blinding disease. Our case series demonstrates the efficacy of early treatment and the importance of ancillary testing with IVFA and fundus photography.

scholarly journals Cartilage Repair with Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Delivered in a Novel Chondroitin Sulfate / Polyethylene Glycol Hydrogel in a Rabbit Animal Model”

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7_suppl6) ◽  
pp. 2325967117S0022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Pascual-Garrido ◽  
Francisco Rodriguez Fontan ◽  
Jorge Chahla ◽  
Karin Payne ◽  
Elizabeth Aisenbrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Rabbit Animal Model

scholarly journals A rare form of domestic accident: blast abdominal injury with evisceration of abdominal viscus

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2723
Author(s):  
Aniruddha Basak ◽  
Arindam Ghosh ◽  
Prafulla Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Exploratory Laparotomy ◽  
Blast Injury ◽  
Abdominal Injury ◽  
Abdominal Wound ◽  
Abdominal Viscus ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Upper Abdomen

Evisceration of abdominal viscus following “Flowerpot firecracker” (tubri) blast injury to the abdomen is a rare but dangerous form of domestic accident. Lack of knowledge and non-compliance of safety measures is the major reason for firecracker eventualities. A 10-year male child presented three hours post-injury with a wound over the upper abdomen. On examination there was evisceration of part of stomach along with colon through supraumbilical abdominal wound. Resuscitation and repair following exploratory laparotomy performed. Patient recovered well postoperatively. Public awareness and safety measures need to be taken to prevent the fatal outcomes of firecracker misuse.

scholarly journals Eales’ disease: epidemiology, diagnostic and therapeutic concepts

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Murillo López ◽  
Silvia Medina Medina ◽  
Fernando Murillo López
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Visual Outcomes ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Therapeutic Concepts ◽  
Eales Disease

Abstract Background To describe the epidemiological traits, clinical characteristics, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic interventions and evolution in a large series of patients with diagnosis of Eales’ disease. Methods A clinical retrospective review of patients with Eales’ disease, evaluated and treated between April 2009 and April 2018, with a 1-year minimum follow-up. Thirty patients (59 eyes), were included. Age, sex, laboratory results (CBC, glycemia, protein electrophoresis, ACE levels) immunological profile and a Quantiferon-TB Gold Plus test were recorded. The patients were divided into groups according to their evolution, medical or surgical treatment, and visual outcomes. Results Seventeen male patients and 13 female patients were included, and their ages ranged from 14 to 35 years. The Quantiferon-TB Gold Plus test was positive in 25 patients. Twenty-eight patients had unilateral vitreous hemorrhage, 10 of whom presented with vasculitis and non-perfusion areas in the contralateral eye, 9 presented contralateral peripheral neovascularization and 9 had contralateral fibrovascular proliferation. The remaining 2 patients presented with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. In 6 patients, conservative treatment with intravitreal anti-VEGF injections and photocoagulation was performed after the hemorrhage cleared. Twenty-two patients, required vitrectomy, with good visual outcomes. Macular edema was found in 16 eyes, which responded to periocular and/or systemic corticosteroid therapy, except for 9 eyes that required intravitreal bevacizumab, with complete resolution in 7 eyes and partial resolution in 2 eyes. Conclusions Eales’ disease is a pathology of significant prevalence in our country. The distribution according to sex, tends to be equivalent. The etiology, even when it is not specifically determined, according to laboratory tests, confirms the probable immunologic response in the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. This is still a diagnosis of exclusion, and therefore, it is advisable to perform a complete laboratory work-up in each case. Timely application of laser and other medical treatments, help to avoid progression to more advanced stages and their complications. The surgical treatment of vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage, and/or tractional vitreous detachment yields good primary anatomical and functional outcomes. Secondary macular edema responds to periocular and intravitreal corticosteroids, and in refractory cases, the use of anti-VEGF therapy leads to an effective resolution.

Clinical Signs, Imaging, Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment

2019 ◽  
pp. 154-162
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment ◽  
Fundus Autofluorescence ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Fundus Photography ◽  
Visual Field Defects ◽  
Wide Field

Photopsia, floaters, visual field defects, loss in visual acuity, periocular pain, and dyschromatopsia are symptoms of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in which early signs are Weiss ring, pigmented cells in anterior vitreous (tobacco dust sign), a general decrease in intraocular pressure and retinal detachment in a convex configuration. On the other hand, the demarcation line, secondary retinal cysts, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy are some of the late findings of detachment. Imaging of the retina is crucial in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Fundus photography, wide-field imaging systems, optical coherence tomography, and fundus autofluorescence tomography are beneficial for documentation and monitoring progression. Ultrasound imaging, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging may be helpful when the retina cannot be visualized in cases like vitreous hemorrhage and dense cataract. Diagnosis can be made with indirect ophthalmoscopy with indentation, and ultrasound imaging in an opaque medium. Differential diagnosis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is exudative and tractional detachment, as well as lesions that can mimic retinal detachment such as retinoschisis, intraretinal macrocysts, choroidal detachment, vitreous opacities and white with or without pressure lesions.

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