scholarly journals From Farm to Table: Follow-Up of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Throughout the Pork Production Chain in Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Colello ◽  
María E. Cáceres ◽  
María J. Ruiz ◽  
Marcelo Sanz ◽  
Analía I. Etcheverría ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pork Production

Improving follow-up testing in children with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli through provision of a provider information sheet

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 479
Author(s):  
Jack X. Pang ◽  
Jaskaran Singh ◽  
Stephen B. Freedman ◽  
Jianling Xie ◽  
Jia Hu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Information Sheet ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Intervention Zone

The aim of this study was to improve follow-up laboratory testing for children infected by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) through the provision of an information sheet to healthcare providers in the province of Alberta, Canada. An information sheet recommending the performance of laboratory tests, every 24–48h until 3 days after diarrhoea resolves or the platelet count stabilises or begins to rise, was sent to all physicians who ordered a STEC-positive stool test as of 1 November 2016. The information sheet was only distributed to physicians in one of the province’s five healthcare delivery zones (i.e. intervention zone). Medical records for children aged <18 years with laboratory confirmed STEC-positive stool samples between November 2014 and November 2018 were reviewed to determine the performance of recommended laboratory tests. Post-intervention, follow-up testing in all categories increased significantly for cases that occurred in the intervention zone, with odds ratios (OR) ranging from 3.02 (95% CI: 1.35–6.78) to 3.94 (95% CI: 1.70–9.16) when compared with pre-intervention. No increase in any of the laboratory testing categories was detected outside of the intervention zone. The provision of a targeted information sheet to healthcare providers improved the monitoring of STEC-infected children.

scholarly journals Microbial Safety and Sanitary Quality of Strawberry Primary Production in Belgium: Risk Factors for Salmonella and Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Contamination

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 2562-2570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Delbeke ◽  
Siele Ceuppens ◽  
Claudia Titze Hessel ◽  
Irene Castro ◽  
Liesbeth Jacxsens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Production And Consumption

ABSTRACTStrawberries are an important fruit in Belgium in both production and consumption, but little information is available about the presence ofSalmonellaand Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) in these berries, the risk factors in agricultural production, and possible specific mitigation options. In 2012, a survey was undertaken of three soil and three soilless cultivation systems in Belgium. NoSalmonellaspp. were isolated. No STEC was detected in the strawberry samples (0 of 72), but STEC was detected by PCR in 11 of 78 irrigation water and 2 of 24 substrate samples. Culture isolates were obtained for 2 of 11 PCR-positive irrigation water samples and 2 of 2 substrate samples. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed elevated genericE. colinumbers (the odds ratio [OR] for a 1 log increase being 4.6) as the most important risk factor for STEC, together with the berry-picking season (elevated risk in summer). The presence of genericE. coliin the irrigation water (≥1 CFU per 100 ml) was mainly influenced by the type of irrigation water (collected rainfall water stored in ponds was more often contaminated than groundwater pumped from boreholes [OR = 5.8]) and the lack of prior treatment (untreated water versus water subjected to sand filtration prior to use [OR = 19.2]). The follow-up study in 2013 at one of the producer locations indicated cattle to be the most likely source of STEC contamination of the irrigation water.

scholarly journals Role of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the swine production chain

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ercoli ◽  
Silvana Farneti ◽  
David Ranucci ◽  
Stefania Scuota ◽  
Raffaella Branciari
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

Shiga toxin-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> (STEC) can cause severe clinical diseases in humans, such as haemorrhagic colitis (HC) and haemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Although ruminants, primarily cattle, have been suggested as typical reservoirs of STEC, many food products of other origins, including pork products, have been confirmed as vehicles for STEC transmission. Only in rare cases, pork consumption is associated with severe clinical symptoms caused by high pathogenic STEC strains. However, in these outbreaks, it is unknown whether the contamination of food products occurs during swine processing or via cross-contamination from foodstuffs of different sources. In swine, STEC plays an important role in the pathogenesis of oedema disease. In particular a Shiga toxin subtype, named stx2e, it is considered as a key factor involved in the damage of swine endothelial cells. On the contrary, stx2e-producing <em>Escherichia coli</em> has rarely been isolated in humans, and usually only from asymptomatic carriers or from patients with mild symptoms, such as uncomplicated diarrhoea. In fact, the presence of gene stx2e, encoding for stx2e, has rarely been reported in STEC strains that cause HUS. Moreover, stx2e-producing STEC isolated from humans and pigs were found to differ in serogroup, their virulence profile and interaction with intestinal epithelial cells. Because of the limited epidemiologic data of STEC in swine and the increasing role of non-O157 STEC in human illnesses, the relationship between swine STEC and human disease needs to be further investigated.

scholarly journals Survival of Acid Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli to Organic and Inorganic Acids

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Villatoro ◽  
L. Yang ◽  
X. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Human Stomach ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Inorganic Acid ◽  
Production Chain

ObjectivesThe shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) has been involved in a series of outbreaks around the world. Organic acids, such as lactic acid, have been used in meat plants to control STEC. However, STEC has shown its capacity to survive in low acid environments, which may compromise the effectiveness of organic acid interventions. Similarly, STEC may also survive in human stomach fluid (pH 1.5– 3.5), which can potentially result in clinical infections. Thus, the objective was to compare the ability of acid-resistant (AR) STEC to survive in inorganic and organic acid at different pH levels.Materials and MethodsFor this study, five AR STEC strains were used to make an inoculum for the study. The AR STEC inoculum was challenged in acidified TSB with lactic acid (2% at pH 3.2; 5% at pH 2.8) and TSB with hydrochloric acid (HCl; to simulate human stomach acid) at pH 1.6, 2.8, 3.2 and 3.5 for 2, 4, 6, and 8 h at 37°C. After the acid challenge, the survival bacteria counts were plated on TSA plates and incubated for 48 h at 37°C. The complete experiment was repeated five times. The data was analyzed using the generalized linear model of the SAS 9.4.ResultsThe AR STEC showed a distinct ability to survive in organic and inorganic acid, even with the same pH. Exposure of AR STEC to HCl with pH 3.2 and 3.5 for 8 h resulted in the highest (P < 0.01) survival counts across all the treatments. When AR STEC was challenged with HCl at pH 1.6, no survival cells were recovered on TSA plates after 4 h. No additional reduction of AR STEC was observed when exposure time to HCl at pH 2.8 and 3.2 was increased. However, no growth (P < 0.01) of AR STEC was observed after exposure to lactic acid at the same pH by time.ConclusionLactic acid (2% and 5%) effectively controlled the growth of AR STEC in pure culture. However, if AR STEC can survive through the meat production chain, they may survive in the human stomach for an extended period when the pH is higher than 1.6. The results of the study emphasize that it is necessary to eliminate AR STEC before they enter the human body, as they are more resistant in inorganic acid, such as the HCl found in human stomach fluid.Table 8Least squares means (LSmeans; standard error) of the survival counts for acid-resistant Escherichia coli exposed to hydrochloric acid (HCl) and lactic acid (LA) at different pH through time. a-g Least squares means with a different superscript letter are significantly different (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli in Pigs and Pork Meat in the European Union

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Bergšpica ◽  
Georgia Kaprou ◽  
Elena A. Alexa ◽  
Miguel Prieto ◽  
Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
European Union ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Pork Production ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Fattening Pigs ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this article is to review the fast and worldwide distribution of ESBL enzymes and to describe the role of the pork production chain as a reservoir and transmission route of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and ESBLs in the European Union (EU). The use of β-lactam antibiotics in swine production and the prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli in fattening pigs and pork meat across Europe is analyzed. Overall, an increasing trend in the prevalence of presumptive ESBL producing E. coli in fattening pigs in the EU has been observed in the last decade, although with major differences among countries, linked to different approaches in the use of antimicrobials in pork production within the EU. Moreover, the various dissemination pathways of these bacteria along the pork production chain are described, along with factors at farm and slaughterhouse level influencing the risk of introducing or spreading ESBL producing bacteria throughout the food chain.

scholarly journals Publisher Correction: Genomic analysis of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from cattle and pork-production related environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peipei Zhang ◽  
Saida Essendoubi ◽  
Julia Keenliside ◽  
Tim Reuter ◽  
Kim Stanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Pork Production

scholarly journals The Polymorphic Aggregative Phenotype of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O111 Depends on RpoS and Curli

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1475-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Diodati ◽  
A. H. Bates ◽  
W. G. Miller ◽  
M. Q. Carter ◽  
Y. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Sporadic Case ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Rpos Mutant

ABSTRACTEscherichia coliO111 is an emerging non-O157:H7 serotype of Shiga toxin-producingE. coli(STEC). We previously reported that outbreak and environmental, but not sporadic-case, strains of STEC O111 share a distinct aggregation phenotype (M. E. Diodati, A. H. Bates, M. B. Cooley, S. Walker, R. E. Mandrell, and M. T. Brandl, Foodborne Pathog Dis 12:235−243, 2015,http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2014.1887). We show here the natural occurrence of nonaggregative variants in single STEC O111 strains. These variants do not produce curli fimbriae and lack RpoS function but synthesize cellulose. The deletion ofcsgBACorrpoSin an aggregative outbreak strain abolished aggregate formation, which was rescued when curli biogenesis or RpoS function, respectively, was restored. Complementation of a nonaggregative variant with RpoS also conferred curli production and aggregation. These observations were supported by Western blotting with an anti-CsgA antibody. Immunomicroscopy revealed that curli were undetectable on the cells of the nonaggregative variant and the RpoS mutant but were present in large quantities in the intercellular matrix of the assemblages formed by aggregative strains. Sequence analysis ofrpoSin the aggregative strain and its variant showed a single substitution of threonine for asparagine at amino acid 124. Our results indicate that the multicellular behavior of STEC O111 is RpoS dependent via positive regulation of curli production. Aggregation may confer a fitness advantage in O111 outbreak strains under stressful conditions in hydrodynamic environments along the food production chain and in the host, while the occurrence of nonaggregative variants may allow the cell population to adapt to conditions benefiting a planktonic lifestyle.

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