Structure, Application, and Biochemistry of Microbial Keratinases

Value Added ◽

Structural Studies ◽

Biotechnological Application ◽

Hard Tissues ◽

Made In ◽

Keratinases belong to a class of proteases that are able to degrade keratins into amino acids. Microbial keratinases play important roles in turning keratin-containing wastes into value-added products by participating in the degradation of keratin. Keratin is found in human and animal hard tissues, and its complicated structures make it resistant to degradation by common proteases. Although breaking disulfide bonds are involved in keratin degradation, keratinase is responsible for the cleavage of peptides, making it attractive in pharmaceutical and feather industries. Keratinase can serve as an important tool to convert keratin-rich wastes such as feathers from poultry industry into diverse products applicable to many fields. Despite of some progress made in isolating keratinase-producing microorganisms, structural studies of keratinases, and biochemical characterization of these enzymes, effort is still required to expand the biotechnological application of keratinase in diverse fields by identifying more keratinases, understanding the mechanism of action and constructing more active enzymes through molecular biology and protein engineering. Herein, this review covers structures, applications, biochemistry of microbial keratinases, and strategies to improve its efficiency in keratin degradation.

Turning hazardous waste into value-added products: production and characterization of struvite from ammoniacal waste with new approaches

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.01.001 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 59-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Ramesh Kumar ◽

Parimal Pal

Keyword(s):

Hazardous Waste ◽

Value Added ◽

New Approaches ◽

Phenotypic, Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Five Tunisian Varieties of Chickpea

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v5i1.10808 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mongi Melki ◽

Abir Gsouri ◽

Mariem Bouhadida ◽

Hnya Chograni ◽

Mohsen Rezgui

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Block Design ◽

Field Trials ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Sulfur Amino Acids ◽

Semi Arid Region

Five Tunisian varieties of Kabuli chickpea were characterized based on agro morphological, molecular and biochemical parameters to investigate their genetic variability and yield potential. Randomized complete block design field trials were carried out in the upper semi-arid region of Kef in Tunisia during the 2013-2014 seasons. Data analysis showed significant differences between genotypes for several parameters. The results indicated that these genotypes could be set into two different groups. The first group composed of Bochra and Chetoui genotypes. Kasseb, Neyer and Beja1 were in the second group. Genotypes in each group were closely related to each other according to their common morphological characters such as pod number, one hundred seeds weight and yield. Chetoui and Kasseb varieties are later in comparison to other varieties. Genetic diversity was studied using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Four loci (TA64, TA71, TA96, TA194) were multiallelic. Whereas while two loci (TA72, GAA47) were monomorphic. Polymorphism analysis showed a phylogeny related to genotypes differentiation according to their relatives, origin and several morphological characters. Bochra variety had high amino acids content followed by Chetoui variety. All the varieties were deficient in sulfur amino acids. Chickpeas protein contents were variable and high ranging from 18% to 25%.

Chemical characterization of the pulp, peel and seeds of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal)

BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY ◽

10.1590/1981-6723.4314 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 192-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Liliana SERNA-COCK ◽

Diana Patricia VARGAS-MUÑOZ ◽

Carlos Andrés RENGIFO-GUERRERO

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fibre ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Food Additives ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Value Added ◽

Mineral Contents ◽

Fruit Processing ◽

Summary The chemical characterization of the pulp, peel and seeds of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) was determined. In artisanal fruit processing, 26.3% of peel and 9.7% of seeds were obtained. The seeds showed a high potential for the development of value-added products because of their dry matter contents (23.46%) as follows: carbohydrate (69.37% dry basis (d.b.)), nitrogen (3.18 g/100 g of seed d.b.), K (0.023 g/100 g of seed d.b.), Fe (0.0185 g/100 g of seed d.b.) and dietary fiber (21.27 g/100 g of seed d.b.). The carbohydrate, dietary fibre and mineral contents of the pulp, peel and seeds also highlighted the agroindustrial potential of the fruit in that these constituents could be used to develop functional foods, food additives, preparations for functional diets and dietary supplements.

Biochemical Characterization of Branched Chain Amino Acids Uptake in Trypanosoma cruzi

Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology ◽

10.1111/jeu.12278 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 299-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nubia C. Manchola ◽

Ludmila N. Rapado ◽

María J. Barisón ◽

Ariel M. Silber

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽

Branched Chain

Growth and biochemical characterization of associations between cyanobionts and wheat seedlings in co-culturing experiments

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-010-0133-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anjuli Sood ◽

Pawan Singh ◽

Arun Kumar ◽

Rajendra Singh ◽

Radha Prasanna

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Indoleacetic Acid ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Symbiotic Associations ◽

Plant Groups ◽

Wide Range ◽

Root And Shoot Biomass

AbstractN2-fixing cyanobacteria are unique in their capacity to form symbiotic associations with a wide range of eukaryotic hosts belonging to different plant groups. The present study was undertaken to analyze the interactions of the cyanobiont PI 01 (from Azolla pinnata) and Nostoc PCC 9229 (from Gunnera monoika) with wheat seedlings, in co-culturing experiments. Each of the cyanobionts enhanced significantly the volume of root and shoot biomass in the experimental cultures. The transverse sections of roots in the co-cultured seedlings revealed the presence of aseriate packets of cyanobionts below the root epidermis. The investigated cyanobionts excreted amino acids (His, Met, Val) and sugars into the medium, while indoleacetic acid was detected when the cyanobionts were grown in a tryptophan containing medium. During the co-culturing, sugars and proline were detected in the extracellular filtrates. It can be hypothesized that these sugars and amino acids may serve as signal substances in the development of functional associations between the relevant cyanobionts and the wheat seedlings.

Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of OXA-535, a Distantly Related OXA-48-Like β-Lactamase

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01198-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 62 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Dabos ◽

A. B. Jousset ◽

R. A. Bonnin ◽

N. Fortineau ◽

A. Zavala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Sequence ◽

Amino Acid Sequence Identity ◽

Content Type ◽

Sequence Identity

ABSTRACT OXA-535 is a chromosome-encoded carbapenemase of Shewanella bicestrii JAB-1 that shares only 91.3% amino acid sequence identity with OXA-48. Catalytic efficiencies are similar to those of OXA-48 for most β-lactams, except for ertapenem, where a 2,000-fold-higher efficiency was observed with OXA-535. OXA-535 and OXA-436, a plasmid-encoded variant of OXA-535 differing by three amino acids, form a novel cluster of distantly related OXA-48-like carbapenemases. Comparison of blaOXA-535 and blaOXA-436 genetic environments suggests that an ISCR1 may be responsible for blaOXA-436 gene mobilization from the chromosome of Shewanella spp. to plasmids.

Mushroom Cultivation, Processing and Value-added Products: A Patent Based Review

Recent Patents on Food Nutrition & Agriculturee ◽

10.2174/2212798410666180604101353 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 3-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Somya Singhal ◽

Prasad Rasane ◽

Sawinder Kaur ◽

Umar Garba ◽

Jyoti Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Value Added ◽

Edible Mushrooms ◽

Mushroom Cultivation ◽

Processing Equipment ◽

General Overview ◽

Edible Fungus ◽

Cultivation Practices ◽

Nutraceutical Properties ◽

Made In ◽

Background: Edible mushrooms are an abundant source of carbohydrates, proteins, and multiple antioxidants and phytonutrients. This paper presents a general overview on the edible fungus describing the inventions made in the field of its cultivation, equipment and value-added products. Objective: To understand and review the innovations and nutraceutical benefits of mushrooms as well as to develop interest regarding the edible mushrooms. Methods: Information provided in this review is based on the available research investigations and patents. Result: Mushrooms are an edible source of a wide variety of antioxidants and phytonutrients with a number of nutraceutical properties including anti-tumor and anti-carcinogenic. Thus, several investigations are made for cultivation and improvement of the yield of mushrooms through improvisation of growth substrates and equipment used for mushroom processing. The mushroom has been processed into various products to increase its consumption, providing the health and nutritional benefit to mankind. Conclusion: This paper summarizes the cultivation practices of mushroom, its processing equipment, methods of preservation, value-added based products, and its nutraceutical properties. The review also highlights the various scientific feats achieved in terms of patents and research publications promoting mushroom as a wholesome food.

Discovery and Biocatalytic Application of a PLP-Dependent Amino Acid γ-Substitution Enzyme that Catalyzes C-C Bond Formation

10.26434/chemrxiv.12052410 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mengbin Chen ◽

Chun-Ting Liu ◽

Yi Tang

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Biosynthetic Pathway ◽

Pyridoxal Phosphate ◽

Indole Alkaloid ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Nucleophilic Attack ◽

Keto Esters ◽

Key Enzyme

Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes can catalyze various transformations of amino acids at alpha, beta, and gamma positions. These versatile enzymes are prominently involved in the biosynthesis of nonproteinogenic amino acids as building blocks of natural products, and are attractive biocatalysts. Here, we report the discovery of a two-step enzymatic synthesis of (2S, 6S)-6-methyl pipecolate 1, from the biosynthetic pathway of indole alkaloid citrinadin. The key enzyme CndF is PLP-dependent and catalyzes synthesis of (S)-2-amino-6-oxoheptanoate 3 that is in equilibrium with the cyclic Schiff base. The second enzyme CndE is a stereoselective imine reductase that gives 1. Biochemical characterization of CndF showed this enzyme performs gamma-elimination of O-acetyl L-homoserine to generate the vinylglycine ketimine, which is subjected to nucleophilic attack by acetoacetate to form the new Cgamma-Cdelta bond in 3 and complete the gamma-substitution reaction. CndF displays substrate promiscuity towards different beta-keto carboxylate and esters. Using a recombinant Aspergillus strain expressing CndF and CndE, feeding various alkyl-beta-keto esters led to the biosynthesis of 6-substituted L-pipecolates. The discovery of CndF expands the repertoire of reactions that can be catalyzed by PLP-dependent enzymes.

Nitrogen-doped metal-free carbon catalysts for (electro)chemical CO2 conversion and valorisation

Dalton Transactions ◽

10.1039/c9dt01691k ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (36) ◽

pp. 13508-13528 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Diana M. Fernandes ◽

Andreia F. Peixoto ◽

Cristina Freire

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Reduction ◽

Carbon Materials ◽

Value Added ◽

Co2 Conversion ◽

Nitrogen Doped ◽

Metal Free ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Carbon Catalysts ◽

Made In ◽

This review focuses on the recent developments made in the fabrication of N-doped carbon materials for enhanced CO2 conversion and electrochemical reduction into high-value-added products.