Green Extraction of Carotenoids from Fruit and Vegetable Byproducts: A Review

Carotenoids are characterized by a wide range of health-promoting properties. For example, they support the immune system and wound healing process and protect against UV radiation’s harmful effects. Therefore, they are used in the food industry and cosmetics, animal feed, and pharmaceuticals. The main sources of carotenoids are the edible and non-edible parts of fruit and vegetables. Therefore, the extraction of bioactive substances from the by-products of vegetable and fruit processing can greatly reduce food waste. This article describes the latest methods for the extraction of carotenoids from fruit and vegetable byproducts, such as solvent-free extraction—which avoids the costs and risks associated with the use of petrochemical solvents, reduces the impact on the external environment, and additionally increases the purity of the extract—or green extraction using ultrasound and microwaves, which enables a significant improvement in process efficiency and reduction in extraction time. Another method is supercritical extraction with CO2, an ideal supercritical fluid that is non-toxic, inexpensive, readily available, and easily removable from the product, with a high penetration capacity.

Nutritional Potential and Bioactive Compounds in Cereus jamacaru DC: An Multifaceted Cactus From Brazilian Semiarid

Cereus jamacaru DC. is an endemic cactus of the Brazilian semiarid region empirically used by humans for forage, food and medicinal purposes. In this paper, we characterize the physicochemical and phytochemical profile of the C. jamacaru cladode and fruits, outlining their nutritional implications. We evaluate the basic physicochemical characteristic of the fruits and the main classes of chemical compounds present in aqueous and ethanolic extracts from cladode, peel, and pulp of ripe and semi-ripe fruits through qualitatively and quantitatively methods. We analyze the data through descriptive statistics and variance analysis. The fruits have appropriate pH, acidity, and total soluble solid levels for the fruit processing industry and fresh consumption. We identified the presence of saponins, tannins, flavones, flavonols, and xanthones in all samples, but alkaloids and steroids were both detected in cladodes exclusively. The phenolic compound and flavonoid contents vary according to the extraction method and sample class. The cladodes and pulp of ripe fruits have the highest flavonoid levels, while the content of phenolic compounds had a high level in peels of ripe and semi-ripe fruits. The presence of these bioactive compounds implies that C. jamacaru products have relevant pharmacological interest and functionality for human (fruits) and domestic ruminant (cladodes) food. These applications can boost the agricultural-economic exploration of C. jamacaru and contribute to income generation, and improve human and animal nutrition.

Training of Karamunting Fruit Processing as Natural Dyes in the PKK Group in Tarakan City

The agricultural sector is a source of income for residents in Tarakan City, especially SMEs that process agricultural products into various food products. These products are processed with synthetic dyes, which pose a health risk if consumed in excess overtime. Natural dyes from plants can be used to produce safe food products, one of which is Karamunting fruit. This training aims to provide knowledge as well as the practice of processing Karamunting fruit into natural food and beverage coloring. This training is aimed at partner institutions, namely the PKK group from RT 9 and RT 11 Pamusian Village, Central Tarakan District, Tarakan City. This activity is carried out using training and mentoring methods. The method used is the lecture method, with the practice being evaluated with a questionnaire to measure the effectiveness of the activities to increase the knowledge and skills of participants. The results of this activity are that 1) participants have a positive perception of the training provided; 2) participants gain new insights and knowledge about the benefits and efficacy of Karamunting fruit. 3) Participants gain new skills and experience; 4) Participants interested in expanding business opportunities for Karamunting fruit processing.

Asset-Based Community Development in Kampung Mina Mangrove, East Wonorejo, Surabaya as a Community Economic Strengthening Effort

The goal of this study is to use the Asset-Based Community Development approach to identify the assets of Kampung Mina Mangrove in Wonorejo. One of the research methods employed is action research using a qualitative approach. Document studies, field surveys, and in-depth interviews are used to collect data, which is then examined inductively and qualitatively. According to research findings, Kampung Mina Mangrove has a relatively high productive age based on human capital with the help of social assets. Mangrove fruit processing is a viable enterprise for the growth of the East Wonorejo area, thanks to strong population and a strategic position. In terms of material assets, the state of the current infrastructure must be considered. From the standpoint of economic assets, SME players will not only wait for financial or capital aid from the government in the future, but will also take the initiative to offer a collaboration or partnership with other business actors who can support each other. From the standpoint of environmental assets, they should pay closer attention to the environmental conditions around eco-tourism sites. East Wonorejo, the village's only access route, must have suitable waste disposal sites and sewers to prevent flooding during the rainy season. Based on the identification of all assets, future expectations are supported, in addition to assistance from different linked parties, so that current SMEs may expand more generally, not just in mangrove regions.

Inovasi Pengolahan Buah Salak Sebagai Produk Kuliner dan Oleh Oleh Khas di Desa Wisata Sibetan

Sibetan Tourism Village is a snake fruit plantation center in Bali. Various processed products from snake fruit produced by agro-tourism in Sibetan Village become special culinary and souvenirs that can improve the community's economy. However, in its journey, typical culinary products and souvenirs are very difficult to sell outside the region. The purpose of the study was to determine the condition of snake fruit farming in Sibetan Tourism Village and analyze the innovations made in processing snake fruit as culinary products and typical souvenirs of Sibetan Tourism Village. The research method used quantitative and qualitative (mixed methods). The results showed that the condition of snake fruit farming consisted of approximately 9 types of snake fruit and 5 types of agro-tourism. Snake Fruit processing innovations that are most in-demand by tourists are snake fruit wine. The packaging of products has followed the trend of souvenirs packaging. The marketing has utilized social media such as Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and through TV media. The management of the Sibetan Tourism Village has also begun to expand its network of cooperation with the Godevi marketplace.

Pesantren Technopreneur: Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Komunitas Pesantren melalui Ekonomi Produktif Berbasis E-Commerce di Desa Tenajar Kecamatan Kertasemaya Kabupaten Indramayu

Penyesuian bentuk produk pangan harus dilakukan oleh sektor UMKM dalam rangka untuk merespon keingin konsumen atas berbagai produk yang ada di pasar. Salah satunya adalah konsumen pisang yang menginginkan berbagai olahan baik, olahan buah pisang sendiri maupun olahan bonggol dan pelepahnya. Hampir di banyak daerah pohon pisang dapat tumbuh subur dengan baik tidak terkecuali di Desa Tenajar Kecamatan Kertasemaya Kabupaten Indramayu. Salah satu pesantren yang memiliki usaha budidaya pisang adalah Pondok Pesantren Syubbanul Yaum. Usahatani pisang yang dijalankan oleh komunitas pesantren berjalan hampir lima tahun dengan jumlah anggota sebanyak 20 orang yang terdiri dari pengurus dan orang tua wali santri melalui lembaga ekonomi pesantren. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan bisa memberi solusi untuk memberdayakan ekonomi komunitas komunitas dampingan. Kegiatan PKM ini laksanakan selama satu tahun mulai dengan urutan kegiatan yaitu; Sosialisasi kegiatan, Pelatihana pengolahan buah, bonggol pupuk organik, Pelatihan manajemen keuangan dan pemasaran berbasis e-commerce, Pendampingan untuk memfasilitasi terbentunya kelembagaan usaha yang professional dan berkelanjutan, Pendampingan kelembagaan untuk menjamin keberlanjutan kegiatan PKM dan evaluasi sebagai upaya untuk perbaikan atas metode dan program yang dilaksanakan. Hasil kegiatan PKM memberi dampak positif bagi komunitas dampingan yaitu meningkatnya kemampuan masyarakat didalam memanfaatkan bonggol pisang sebagai bahan untuk membuat pupuk organik. Selain itu komunitas juga memiliki keahlian didalam membuat konten pemasaran online, yaitu tersedianya group komunitas didalam memasarkan hasil olahan pisang, yaitu kripik pisang dengan konsep paking yang layak pasar. Melalui kompetensi ini secara memberi manfata bagi meningkatnya kemauan masyarakat untuk berwirausaha olahan buah pisang dan berdampak secara ekonomi yaitu meningkatnya kuantitas penjualan.�The SMEs sector must make adjustments to the form of food products in order to respond to consumer desires for various products on the market. One of them is banana consumers who want a variety of good preparations, processed bananas themselves as well as processed bananas and stems. Almost in many areas banana trees can thrive well, including in the Village of Tenajar, Kertasemaya District, Indramayu Regency. Some of the social institutions that work on banana cultivation are farmer groups, farmer cooperatives, and other social institutions such as Islamic boarding schools. One of the pesantren that has a banana cultivation business is the Syubbanul Yaum Islamic Boarding School. The banana farming which is run by the pesantren community has been running for almost five years with a total of 20 members consisting of the board and parents of the santri guardians through the pesantren economic institution. This PKM activity is carried out for one year starting with the sequence of activities, namely; Socialization of activities, Training on fruit processing, weevils of organik fertilizers, Training on e-commerce-based financial management and marketing, Assistance to facilitate the establishment of professional and sustainable business institutions, Institutional assistance for guarantee the sustainability of PKM activities and evaluation as an effort to improve the methods and programs implemented. The results of the PKM activities have had a positive impact on the assisted communities, namely the increase in the community's ability to use banana weevils as material for making organik fertilizers. In addition, the community also has expertise in creating online marketing content, namely the availability of community groups in marketing processed banana products, namely banana chips with a market-worthy gasket concept. Through this competency, it provides benefits for increasing the willingness of the community to entrepreneurship in banana processing and has an economic impact, namely increasing the quantity of sales.

Maturation Process, Nutritional Profile, Bioactivities and Utilisation in Food Products of Red Pitaya Fruits: A Review

Red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus, red pulp with pink peel), also known as dragon fruit, is a well-known species of pitaya fruit. Pitaya seeds and peels have been reported to exhibit higher concentrations of total polyphenols, beta-cyanins and amino acid than pulp, while anthocyanins (i.e., cyanidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside and pelargonidin 3-glucoside) were only detected in the pulp extracts. Beta-cyanins, phenolics and flavonoids were found to increase gradually during fruit maturation and pigmentation appeared earlier in the pulp than peel. The phytochemicals were extracted and purified by various techniques and broadly used as natural, low-cost, and beneficial healthy compounds in foods, including bakery, wine, dairy, meat and confectionery products. These bioactive components also exhibit regulative influences on the human gut microbiota, glycaemic response, lipid accumulation, inflammation, growth of microbials and mutagenicity, but the mechanisms are yet to be understood. The objective of this study was to systematically summarise the effect of red pitaya’s maturation process on the nutritional profile and techno-functionality in a variety of food products. The findings of this review provide valuable suggestions for the red pitaya fruit processing industry, leading to novel formulations supported by molecular research.

The Influence of Hazelnut Skin Addition on Quality Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Functional Yogurt

There is an increasing interest in applying fruit-processing wastes as functional food ingredients. Hazelnut skin, an interesting and innovative ingredient has recently been evaluated as one of the richest edible sources of polyphenolic compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the use of hazelnut skin as a functional additive in yogurt and to determine the effect of various percentages (2%, 3%, and 4%) of hazelnut skin on the physicochemical, microbiological, rheological, biochemical, and sensorial properties of yogurt. The results showed that the addition of hazelnut skin significantly increased total solids from 16.5% to 17.7% and fat content from 3.45% to 4.60% and decreased titratable acidity by up to 36%. The enrichment with hazelnut skin also improved the viability of yogurt bacteria, water holding capacity (WHC), and antioxidant activity of yogurts. Better results for WHC and antioxidant values were found in yogurt enriched with 4% hazelnut skin. Total phenolic content and Fe2+ chelating activity of yogurts increased with the increasing hazelnut skin ratio. However, yogurts with hazelnut skin had low instrumental texture parameters and apparent viscosity values. On the other hand, acceptable sensorial properties similar to control yogurts increase the consumption potential of yogurts enriched with hazelnut skin.