Gut Bacteria Associated With Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Their Possible Roles in Host Plant Adaptations

Monochamus saltuarius (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an important native pest in the pine forests of northeast China and a dispersing vector of an invasive species Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. To investigate the bacterial gut diversity of M. saltuarius larvae in different host species, and infer the role of symbiotic bacteria in host adaptation, we used 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics processing to obtain and compare the composition of the bacterial community and metabolites in the midguts of larvae feeding on three host tree species: Pinus koraiensis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, and Pinus tabuliformis. Metabolomics in xylem samples from the three aforementioned hosts were also performed. Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the predominant bacterial phyla in the larval gut. At the genus level, Klebsiella, unclassified_f__Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus, and Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia were most dominant in P. koraiensis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica feeders, while Burkholderia–Caballeronia–Paraburkholderia, Dyella, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Mycobacterium were most dominant in P. tabuliformis feeders. Bacterial communities were similar in diversity in P. koraiensis and P. sylvestris var. mongolica feeders, while communities were highly diverse in P. tabuliformis feeders. Compared with the other two tree species, P. tabuliformis xylems had more diverse and abundant secondary metabolites, while larvae feeding on these trees had a stronger metabolic capacity for secondary metabolites than the other two host feeders. Correlation analysis of the association of microorganisms with metabolic features showed that dominant bacterial genera in P. tabuliformis feeders were more negatively correlated with plant secondary metabolites than those of other host tree feeders.

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Impact of Harvest Conditions and Host Tree Species on Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts from Viscum album L.

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26123741 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (12) ◽

pp. 3741

Author(s):

Wioleta Pietrzak ◽

Renata Nowak

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Biological Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Plant Material ◽

Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽

Host Tree ◽

Host Tree Species ◽

High Antioxidant Activity ◽

Mistletoe Extracts

The content of plant secondary metabolites is not stable, and factors such as the region/location effect and seasonal variations have an impact on their chemical composition, especially in parasitic plants. Research in this area is an important step in the development of quality parameter standards of medicinal plants and their finished products. The effects of the time and place of harvest and the host tree species on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of mistletoe extracts were investigated. Statistical tools were used to evaluate the results of the spectrophotometric and LC-ESI-MS/MS studies of the phenolic composition and antioxidant activity. The investigations indicate that the qualitative and quantitative composition, influencing the biological activity of mistletoe extracts, largely depends on the origin of the plant. The mistletoe extracts exhibited a rich phenol profile and high antioxidant activity. The chemometric analysis indicated that mistletoe collected from conifers (Viscum abietis and Viscum austriacum) had the most advantageous chemical composition and antioxidant activity. Moreover, the chemical profile and biological activity of the plant material were closely related to the climatic conditions and location of the harvested plant. Higher levels of phenolic compounds and high antioxidant activity were found in extracts obtained from plant material collected in cold weather with the presence of snow and less sunshine (autumn–winter period).

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FINE-SCALE ADAPTATIONS TO ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION AND GROWTH STRATEGIES DRIVE PHYLLOSPHERE METHYLOBACTERIUM DIVERSITY.

10.1101/2021.06.04.447128 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jean-Baptiste Leducq ◽

Emilie Seyer-Lamontagne ◽

Domitille Condrain-Morel ◽

Genevieve Bourret ◽

David Sneddon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Temperate Forests ◽

Marker Gene ◽

Host Tree ◽

Seasonal Effects ◽

Life History Strategies ◽

High Yield ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Growth Strategies ◽

Host Tree Species

Methylobacterium is one of the most prevalent bacterial genera of the phyllosphere, present on the leaves of nearly every plant. Despite its ubiquity and its importance for host plant function, little is known about whether diversity over space and time within the genus reflects neutral processes like migration and drift, or environmental filtering of life history strategies and adaptations to temperature and host tree species. Here, we investigated how phylogenetic diversity within the genus Methylobacterium is structured by biogeography, seasonality, and growth strategies. Using deep, culture-independent barcoded marker gene sequencing coupled with culture-based approaches, we quantified seasonal shifts in Methylobacterium diversity over a year from early summer to fall in two temperate forests in Quebec, Canada. As an alternative to the 16S rRNA gene, we used rpoB, a highly polymorphic marker gene, which has not experienced detectable horizontal gene transfer nor copy number variation in Methylobacterium genomes. We cultured very different subsets of Methylobacterium diversity from the same leaf, depending upon the temperature of isolation and growth (20 C or 30 C). For instance, one the most abundant Methylobacterium lineages was almost exclusively isolated at 20 C, suggesting long-term adaptation to temperature. Both culture and barcoding approaches revealed that a considerable and previously underestimated diversity of Methylobacterium colonize the surface of leaves in temperate forests. This diversity was strongly structured according to both large (>100km; between forests) and small geographical scales (<1.2km within forests), and among host tree species, and was dynamic over seasonal time scales. To determine if these seasonal effects were driven by temperature, we measured growth of 79 isolates at different temperature treatments. Different lineages showed subtle and significant differences in growth performance when subject to temperature increase or decrease, but most have higher yield and slower growth rate at 20 than 30C, with strong lineage- and season-dependant variation in their overall growth strategies. We proposed that the homogenization of Methylobacterium community structure observed over a growing season resulted from the progressive replacement of isolates with high yield strategy typical of cooperative, structured communities, by isolates with rapid growth. Together our results show how Methylobacterium is phylogenetically structured into lineages with distinct growth strategies, which helps explain their differential abundance across regions, host tree species, and time. This works paves the way for further investigation of adaptive strategies and traits within a ubiquitous phyllosphere genus.

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Traditional home garden agroforestry systems: habitat for conservation of Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus (Passeriformes: Ploceidae) in Assam, India

Journal of Threatened Taxa ◽

10.11609/jott.3090.9.4.10076-10083 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 10076 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yashmita- Ulman ◽

Awadhesh Kumar ◽

Madhubala Sharma

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Spatial Arrangement ◽

Agroforestry Systems ◽

The Other ◽

Host Tree ◽

Home Garden ◽

Encounter Rates ◽

Host Trees ◽

Ploceus Philippinus ◽

Host Tree Species

The present study was conducted in 18 homegarden agroforestry systems of Assam to assess the role in the conservation of Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus. Observations were made on the type of host trees, location of host trees, their spatial arrangement pattern, height and diameter of host trees chosen for nesting and the number of complete and helmet stage nests. Trail walks were employed for assessing the encounter rates of predators. A total of 2357 individuals of potential host trees for nesting of P. philippinus were found belonging to Areca catechu (2272), Cocos nucifera (56), Phoenix sylvasticus (13) and Borassus flabellifer (16). According to the spatial arrangement pattern of host trees, among 2272 individuals of A. catechu, 96.5% (n=2192) and 3.5% (n=80) of individuals were arranged in block and row pattern respectively. The other three host trees were arranged in single pattern. Among these 80 individuals of A. catechu planted in row pattern, 47.5% (n=38) had nests (complete and helmet stage) on them. In total, 293 nests (both complete and helmet stage) were observed in A. catechu, out of which, 46.1% (n=135) were complete nests. The other three host trees had nests in various stages of development but none of them were completed by P. philippinus. The encounter rates of predators (arboreal mammals) was significantly higher in block patterns (2.56 ± 0.51) as compared to row patterns (0.53 ± 0.17) of host tree spatial arrangement whereas, the encounter rates of reptiles showed no statistical difference among the two patterns of host tree arrangement. Thus, A. catechu planted in row pattern was the most preferred host tree species for nesting by P. philippinus as compared to the other three host tree species. The height and DBH of A. catechu trees having nests varied from seven to 11 m (7.8 ± 1.11) and 10.5–16.5 cm (12.6 ± 1.4) respectively. The homegarden agroforestry systems provided suitable habitat for survival of P. philippinus as this system has ample water sources, feeding grounds, nesting material and host tree sources and conservation attitudes of the homegarden owners, thus, suggesting that homegarden agroforestry system can be a potential site for conservation of P. philippinus in human-modified land use.

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Wood-inhabiting fungal responses to forest naturalness vary among morpho-groups

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93900-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Purhonen Jenna ◽

Abrego Nerea ◽

Komonen Atte ◽

Huhtinen Seppo ◽

Kotiranta Heikki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Boreal Forests ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Important Variable ◽

Host Tree ◽

Conservation Areas ◽

Fungal Community Composition ◽

Forest Sites ◽

Protected Forests ◽

Host Tree Species

AbstractThe general negative impact of forestry on wood-inhabiting fungal diversity is well recognized, yet the effect of forest naturalness is poorly disentangled among different fungal groups inhabiting dead wood of different tree species. We studied the relationship between forest naturalness, log characteristics and diversity of different fungal morpho-groups inhabiting large decaying logs of similar quality in spruce dominated boreal forests. We sampled all non-lichenized fruitbodies from birch, spruce, pine and aspen in 12 semi-natural forest sites of varying level of naturalness. The overall fungal community composition was mostly determined by host tree species. However, when assessing the relevance of the environmental variables separately for each tree species, the most important variable varied, naturalness being the most important explanatory variable for fungi inhabiting pine and aspen. More strikingly, the overall species richness increased as the forest naturalness increased, both at the site and log levels. At the site scale, the pattern was mostly driven by the discoid and pyrenoid morpho-groups inhabiting pine, whereas at the log scale, it was driven by pileate and resupinate morpho-groups inhabiting spruce. Although our study demonstrates that formerly managed protected forests serve as effective conservation areas for most wood-inhabiting fungal groups, it also shows that conservation planning and management should account for group- or host tree -specific responses.

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Discrimination among host tree species by the ambrosia beetlePlatypus quercivorus

Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1007/s10310-011-0280-7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 149-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michimasa Yamasaki ◽

Kazuyoshi Futai

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Host Tree ◽

Host Tree Species

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Forest age and management effects on epiphytic bryophyte communities in Adirondack northern hardwood forests, New York, U.S.A.

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x02-083 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 1562-1576 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Gregory G McGee ◽

Robin W Kimmerer

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Community Composition ◽

Tree Species ◽

Large Diameter ◽

Hardwood Forests ◽

Host Tree ◽

Old Growth ◽

Northern Hardwood Forests ◽

Northern Hardwood ◽

Host Tree Species

The objective of this study was to assess the influence of substrate heterogeneity on epiphytic bryophyte communities in northern hardwood forests of varying disturbance histories. Specifically, we compared bryophyte abundance (m2·ha1) and community composition among partially cut; maturing, 90- to 100-year-old, even-aged; and old-growth northern hardwood stands in Adirondack Park, New York, U.S.A. Total bryophyte cover from 0 to 1.5 m above ground level on trees [Formula: see text]10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) did not differ among the three stand types. However, bryophyte community composition differed among host tree species and among stand types. Communities in partially cut and maturing stands were dominated by xerophytic bryophytes (Platygyrium repens, Frullania eboracensis, Hypnum pallescens, Brachythecium reflexum, Ulota crispa), while old-growth stands contained a greater representation of calcicoles and mesophytic species (Brachythecium oxycladon, Anomodon rugelii, Porella platyphylloidea, Anomodon attenuatus, Leucodon brachypus, Neckera pennata). This mesophyte-calcicole assemblage occurred in all stand types but was limited by the abundance of large-diameter (>50 cm DBH), thick-barked, hardwood host trees (Acer saccharum Marsh., Tilia americana L., Fraxinus americana L.). This study suggested that epiphytic bryophyte diversity can be sustained and enhanced in managed northern hardwood forests by maintaining host tree species diversity and retaining large or old, thick-barked residual hardwood stems when applying even-aged and uneven-aged silviculture systems.

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