Novel Enzymes From the Red Sea Brine Pools: Current State and Potential

The Red Sea is a marine environment with unique chemical characteristics and physical topographies. Among the various habitats offered by the Red Sea, the deep-sea brine pools are the most extreme in terms of salinity, temperature and metal contents. Nonetheless, the brine pools host rich polyextremophilic bacterial and archaeal communities. These microbial communities are promising sources for various classes of enzymes adapted to harsh environments – extremozymes. Extremozymes are emerging as novel biocatalysts for biotechnological applications due to their ability to perform catalytic reactions under harsh biophysical conditions, such as those used in many industrial processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the extremozymes from different Red Sea brine pools and discuss the overall biotechnological potential of the Red Sea proteome.

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Vertical Structure of Bacterial and Archaeal Communities within the Sediment of a Eutrophic Lake as Revealed by Culture-Independent Methods

Journal of Freshwater Ecology ◽

10.1080/02705060.2010.9664406 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 565-573 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lu Liu ◽

Yuke Peng ◽

Xiaohong Zheng ◽

Lin Xiao ◽

Liuyan Yang

Keyword(s):

Vertical Structure ◽

Eutrophic Lake ◽

Culture Independent ◽

Bacterial And Archaeal Communities ◽

Archaeal Communities

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Degradation shaped bacterial and archaeal communities with predictable taxa and their association patterns in Zoige wetland at Tibet plateau

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-018-21874-0 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yunfu Gu ◽

Yan Bai ◽

Quanju Xiang ◽

Xiumei Yu ◽

Ke Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tibet Plateau ◽

Association Patterns ◽

Bacterial And Archaeal Communities ◽

Zoige Wetland ◽

Archaeal Communities

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Organic Matter Regulates Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterial and Archaeal Communities in the Surface Sediments of Ctenopharyngodon idellus Aquaculture Ponds

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2018.02290 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lili Dai ◽

Chengqing Liu ◽

Liqin Yu ◽

Chaofeng Song ◽

Liang Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Surface Sediments ◽

Ctenopharyngodon Idellus ◽

Aquaculture Ponds ◽

Bacterial And Archaeal Communities ◽

Archaeal Communities

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Microbial Diversity and Biotechnological Potential of Microorganisms Thriving in the Deep-Sea Brine Pools

Extremophiles ◽

10.1201/9781315154695-2 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 19-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alan Barozzi ◽

Francesca Mapelli ◽

Grégoire Michoud ◽

Elena Crotti ◽

Giuseppe Merlino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Diversity ◽

Deep Sea ◽

Biotechnological Potential ◽

Brine Pools

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The Red Sea Metalliferous Sediments

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-12263 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Clara Modenesi ◽

J. Carlos Santamarina

Keyword(s):

Red Sea ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Soil Classification ◽

Complete Characterization ◽

Liquid Limit ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Soil Behavior ◽

Sediment Formation ◽

Brine Pools

The demand for metals and raw materials continues to increase as onshore deposits become more depleted. Our oceans contain large unexplored areas that may contain new resources in the form of Mn-nodules, Co-rich crusts, and massive sulfides. A complete characterization and assessment of these deposits are fundamental for the evaluation of resource extraction, separation, and disposal processes.The Red Sea holds unique examples of sediment accumulations formed under distinctive environmental conditions. The Atlantis II deep is located in the central part of the Red Sea at 2 km depth and on top of the spreading axis. This deep accumulates sediments that result predominantly from the discharge of hydrothermal fluids into hot and stratified brine pools. The changes in environmental conditions and the hydro-chemical conditions in the brine pool control sediment formation. The accumulations are enriched with metals, such as Ag, Au, Cu, Co, and Zn. The sediments in this deep hold a record of the formation history and their brine pools tell a story about on-going processes.On-going research at the Energy Geo-Engineering Laboratory EGEL, KAUST includes (1) Geotechnical index properties (liquid limit, grain size distribution, and specific surface) and consolidation tests to infer engineering properties, (2) Sediment classification based on the Revised Soil Classification System, (3) Geochemistry and mineralogy using XRD, ICP-OES and (4) Microstructure and texture with SEM imaging. An advanced sediment characterization of these fine-grained metalliferous deposits gives a comprehensive understanding of the soil behavior.

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Soil Depth Determines the Composition and Diversity of Bacterial and Archaeal Communities in a Poplar Plantation

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10070550 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 550 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Huili Feng ◽

Jiahuan Guo ◽

Weifeng Wang ◽

Xinzhang Song ◽

Shuiqiang Yu

Keyword(s):

16S Rrna ◽

16S Rrna Gene ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Poplar Plantation ◽

Plantation Forest ◽

Bacterial And Archaeal Communities ◽

Different Depths ◽

Archaeal Communities

Understanding the composition and diversity of soil microorganisms that typically mediate the soil biogeochemical cycle is crucial for estimating greenhouse gas flux and mitigating global changes in plantation forests. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate changes in diversity and relative abundance of bacteria and archaea with soil profiles and the potential factors influencing the vertical differentiation of microbial communities in a poplar plantation. We investigated soil bacterial and archaeal community compositions and diversities by 16S rRNA gene Illumina MiSeq sequencing at different depths of a poplar plantation forest in Chenwei forest farm, Sihong County, Jiangsu, China. More than 882,422 quality-filtered 16S rRNA gene sequences were obtained from 15 samples, corresponding to 34 classified phyla and 68 known classes. Ten major bacterial phyla and two archaeal phyla were found. The diversity of bacterial and archaeal communities decreased with depth of the plantation soil. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of relative abundance of microbial communities exhibited that Nitrospirae, Verrucomicrobia, Latescibacteria, GAL15, SBR1093, and Euryarchaeota had significant differences at different depths. The transition zone of the community composition between the surface and subsurface occurred at 10–20 cm. Overall, our findings highlighted the importance of depth with regard to the complexity and diversity of microbial community composition in plantation forest soils.

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