TO THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF IVAR MURDMAA

On August 6, 2021, the chief researcher of the IO RAS, Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Professor Ivar Oskarovich Murdmaa turned 90 years old. The main focus of I.O. Murdmaa is the study of bottom sediments of seas and oceans, their lithology, mineralogy, deposition processes, facies and formations, the theory of oceanic sedimentogenesis. He first distinguished marine volcanoterrigenous sediments and described the facies variability of modern sediments of island arcs. Ivar Murdmaa is known for his studies in mineralogy of oceanic sediments, processes of pelagic sedimentogenesis and associated iron-manganese nodules formation. Studying sediment formation in rift zones of mid-ocean ridges, he identified a new genetic type of sediments named edaphogeonus sediments, elaborated mineralogical criteria for their recognition and formation processes. In recent years I.O. Murdmaa is actively developing the theoretical concept of "sedimentosphere", paying special attention to a new direction – the study of the erosion-accumulative activity of bottom currents and the formation of contourites.

Exploring of the Incompatibility of Marine Residual Fuel: A Case Study Using Machine Learning Methods

Providing quality fuel to ships with reduced SOx content is a priority task. Marine residual fuels are one of the main sources of atmospheric pollution during the operation of ships and sea tankers. Hence, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has established strict regulations for the sulfur content of marine fuels. One of the possible technological solutions allowing for adherence to the sulfur content limits is use of mixed fuels. However, it carries with it risks of ingredient incompatibilities. This article explores a new approach to the study of active sedimentation of residual and mixed fuels. An assessment of the sedimentation process during mixing, storage, and transportation of marine fuels is made based on estimation three-dimensional diagrams developed by the authors. In an effort to find the optimal solution, studies have been carried out to determine the influence of marine residual fuel compositions on sediment formation via machine learning algorithms. Thus, a model which can be used to predict incompatibilities in fuel compositions as well as sedimentation processes is proposed. The model can be used to determine the sediment content of mixed marine residual fuels with the desired sulfur concentration.

Разработка инновационной энергосберегающей технологии очистки резервуаров путем диспергирования отложений

An obvious global trend in recent years is the increase in the proportion of viscous and heavy oils featured by high density and content of asphalt-resin-paraffin deposits. Due to the deterioration of the rheological properties of oil, the processes of its extraction, preparation in the fields, further transportation and subsequent processing have been made more difficult. The object of the study is the cleaning of oil and petroleum products storage tanks from the accumulated bottom sediments. The existing methods of tanks cleaning have been analyzed, the most promising methods and technical means for removing sediment and reducing the volume of sediment formation have been identified. The urgency of the development and implementation of innovative technologies enabling minimization of accumulation of deposit to reduce the scope of work in tank cleaning has been established. In this regard, experimental laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effectiveness of ultrasonic exposure with the occurrence of cavitation on the rheological properties of oil. The obtained results are indicative of a positive effect of ultrasound treatment of high-paraffin oil, such effect been expressed in decreased oil viscosity. A method is proposed for cleaning the tank from bottom sediments with the use of hydraulic washout system and ultrasonic plant. That method is based on the use of the cavitation effect caused by high-frequency waves, which makes it possible to temporarily adjust the rheological properties of oil and sludge deposit, reduce the deposit deposition rate and thereby slow down the process of sediment deposition during the storage of oil and petroleum products in large-volume tanks. Очевидной тенденцией последних лет в мире является увеличение доли вязких и тяжелых нефтей, характеризующихся высокой плотностью и содержанием асфальтосмолопарафиновых отложений. Вследствие ухудшения реологических свойств нефти затрудняются процессы ее добычи, подготовки на промыслах, дальнейшей транспортировки и последующей переработки. Объектом исследования является очистка резервуаров для хранения нефти и нефтепродуктов от образующихся донных отложений. Проанализированы существующие способы очистки резервуаров, выявлены наиболее перспективные методы и технические средства для удаления осадка и снижения объема образования отложений. Установлена актуальность вопроса разработки и использования инновационных технологий, позволяющих минимизировать выпадение осадка с целью уменьшения объема работ при очистке резервуаров. В этой связи проведены экспериментальные лабораторные исследования для определения эффективности ультразвукового воздействия с возникновением кавитации на реологические свойства нефти. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о положительном эффекте обработки ультразвуком высокопарафинистой нефти, который выражается в снижении ее вязкости. Предложен способ очистки резервуара от донных отложений с применением гидравлической системы размыва и ультразвуковой установки. Он основан на использовании эффекта кавитации, вызываемой посредством высокочастотных волн, что позволяет провести временную корректировку реологических свойств нефти и осадка нефтешлама, снизить скорость выпадения осадка и таким образом замедлить процесс образования отложений при хранении нефти и нефтепродуктов в резервуарах большого объема.

Formation and Characterization of Irreversible Sediment of Ginseng Extract

Sediment is a key issue in the beverage industry. This study confirmed that reversible and irreversible sediments were formed during low-temperature storage of ginseng extract. The first 30 days of storage are the critical period for sediment formation. As the time of storage extends, the chemical composition changes. The composition interaction model verified that the cross-linking of protein–pectin, protein–oxalic acid and Ca2+–pectin was the main cause of the turbidity of ginseng extract. Based on the characterization of irreversible sediment (IRS), there are typical structures of proteins, polysaccharides and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) crystals. Glucose, galacturonic acid, aspartate, glutamic acid, leucine, Ca, K, Al, Mg, Na and Fe are the main monomer components. Effective regulation of these ingredients will greatly help the quality of ginseng beverages.

Utilization of wood sawdust as heavy metal adsorbent in paint industry waste

Abstract This study aims to utilize wood sawdust waste in the paint industry waste treatment. The first thing to do is a qualitative analysis of heavy metals before and after the processing. Furthermore, the parameters measured are temperature, pH, TDS, and dissolved oxygen (Dislove Oxgen). The use of wood sawdust as a heavy metal adsorbent in paint industry wastes is able to provide efficient results with no sediment formation when conducting qualitative analysis of Cu2+ and Cd2+ metal ions and raising the waste parameters to be environmentally friendly. This shows that the adsorption process works optimally.

Prospects for the oil and gas content of the Upper Permian deposits of the southwestern part of the Vilyui syneclise based on the analysis of sedimentary environments and geochemical conditions of oil and gas content

The article discusses the prospects for the oil and gas content of the Upper Permian deposits in the southwestern marginal part of the Vilyui syneclise. In this margin, the Permian terrigenous complex with proven oil and gas productivity in the central part of the syneclise, pinches out. The study area, represented by the monoclinal slopes of the Vilyui syneclise, is considered a promising area for the exploration of non-structural hydrocarbon traps in the Upper Paleozoic sediments. The objectives of the study include identifying general patterns of sediment formation, associated mainly with the development of the alluvial complex, and substantiating the potential opportunities of migration and accumulation of hydrocarbons in the predicted traps. The research is based on the interpretation of the latest seismic surveys and prior-years geological and geophysical data. Authors carried out structural and paleo-structural analysis, identified lithofacies in the well log, generalized and analyzed the geochemical conditions of the oil and gas content of the Upper Permian deposits, traced the pinching out of the Upper Permian deposits on the southwestern margin of the syneclise, and also outlined areas of river valleys development that form zones of advanced reservoirs. The results of the studies have validated promising oil and gas accumulation zones on the southwestern slopes of the syneclise associated with non-anticlinal hydrocarbon traps. Authors also drew up a diagram of the oil and gas potential of the Upper Permian deposits. The obtained results are of interest for prospecting for oil and gas in the area under study.

Paleogeographic and litho-facial conditions of meso-cenozoic sediment formation of the Anadyr depression

Background. The Anadyr depression has a marginal structure. It comprises four sub-regional elements. Disjunctive dislocations are widely developed within the area.Aim. To reconstruct the paleogeographic and litho-facies conditions of the formation of the Meso-Cenozoic sediments of the Anadyr depression. The reconstruction was performed by evaluating the initial data and developing paleogeographic and litho-facies maps. Data on the conditions of sediment formation in the study area, rich in hydrocarbon and mineral deposits, is essential from a practical standpoint.Materials and methods. Paleogeographic reconstructions of the Anadyr depression were performed based on an analysis of the sediment thickness and litho-facies composition of the relevant age. To build litho-facies maps, we used the data on the material composition of the Bering Sea sedimentary cover and adjacent areas, including well-drilling data, outcropping descriptions, thickness gradient analysis, seismic study results, etc.Results. In the course of the work, sedimentary environment maps were created. Litho-facies maps were developed for all four main sedimentary complexes of the Anadyr depression. Based on the generalised geological data and paleoreconstructions, we constructed forecasting schemes of the distribution of barrier formations in the study area.Conclusions. It was found that the formation of the sedimentary cover of the Anadyr depression took place mainly in shallow-water sedimentary environments. In addition, the depths of paleobasins did not overpass the internal relatively shallow marine shelf. Based on the analysis, two most probable reservoirs were selected. Regional fluid and potential seals were characterised.

Research of the Influence of Marine Residual Fuel Composition on Sedimentation Due to Incompatibility

The article shows studies of the problem of active sediment formation during mixing of residual fuels, caused by the manifestation of incompatibility. To preserve the quality and reduce sediment formation during transshipment, storage, and transportation of marine residual fuels, a laboratory method for determining the compatibility and stability of fuels has been developed, which makes it possible to determine the quantitative characteristics of the sediment formation activity. According to the method developed, laboratory studies have been carried out to determine incompatible fuel components and the influence of composition on the sedimentation process. Tests were carried out to determine the quality indicators and the individual group composition of the fuel samples. Based on the results of the studies, the dependences of the influence of normal structure paraffins in the range from 55 to 70 wt. % and asphaltenes in the range from 0.5 to 3.5 wt. % in the fuel composition on the sedimentation activity due to incompatibility were obtained. To obtain a convenient tool that is applicable in practice, a nomogram has been developed on the basis of the dependences obtained experimentally. It was also determined that, after reaching the maximum values of sediment formation with a further increase in the content of n-paraffins, saturation is observed, and the value of the sediment content remains at the same level. Maximum total sediment values have been found to depend on asphaltene content and do not significantly exceed them within 10%. The results of the research presented in this article allow laboratory and calculation to determine the possibility of incompatibility and to preserve the quality of marine residual fuels.