scholarly journals Functionalized Nanoparticles in Prevention and Targeted Therapy of Viral Diseases With Neurotropism Properties, Special Insight on COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meishen Ren ◽  
Yin Wang ◽  
Yan Luo ◽  
Xueping Yao ◽  
Zexiao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Functionalized Nanoparticles ◽  
Neurotropic Viruses ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Simplex Virus

Neurotropic viruses have neural-invasive and neurovirulent properties to damage the central nervous system (CNS), leading to humans’ fatal symptoms. Neurotropic viruses comprise a lot of viruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), rabies virus (RABV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Effective therapy is needed to prevent infection by these viruses in vivo and in vitro. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) usually prevents macromolecules from entering the CNS, which challenges the usage of the traditional probes, antiviral drugs, or neutralizing antibodies in the CNS. Functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) have been increasingly reported in the targeted therapy of neurotropic viruses due to their sensitivity and targeting characteristics. Therefore, the present review outlines efficient functionalized NPs to further understand the recent trends, challenges, and prospects of these materials.

Some 1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-5-phenylcytosines and -5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-thiocytosine

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 2145-2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Buděšínský ◽  
František Šmejkal ◽  
Miloš Buděšínský
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Amino Derivative ◽  
Nitro Derivative ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Derivatives ◽  
Simplex Virus

5-Phenylcytidine (XI), 5-(4-nitrophenyl)cytidine (XII) and 5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-thiocytidine (XIII) were prepared from corresponding trimethylsilyl derivatives V-VII. Nitro derivative XII was converted to amino derivative XIV by catalytic reduction. Cytidines XI-XIV and the starting cytosines I-IV do not display any in vitro inhibitory effect against the influenza virus AWS, virus NDV, vaccinia, herpes simplex and WEE, or in vivo effect on mice infected with the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) either.

scholarly journals The Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor, a Target for Protection and Regeneration of the Peripheral Nervous System?

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Aurore Danigo ◽  
Amandine Rovini ◽  
Flavien Bessaguet ◽  
Hichem Bouchenaki ◽  
Amandine Bernard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Preclinical evidence, accumulated over the past decade, indicates that the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) stimulation exerts significant neuroprotective effects in various animal models of neuronal injury, notably in the central nervous system. While the atypical G protein-coupled receptor superfamily nature of AT2R and its related signaling are still under investigation, pharmacological studies have shown that stimulation of AT2R leads to neuritogenesis in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we focus on the potential neuroprotective and neuroregenerative roles of AT2R specifically in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The first section describes the evidence for AT2R expression in the PNS and highlights current controversies concerning the cellular distribution of the receptor. The second section focuses on AT2R signaling implicated in neuronal survival and in neurite outgrowth. The following sections review the relatively few preclinical studies highlighting the putative neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects of AT2R stimulation in the context of peripheral neuropathy.

scholarly journals Intranasal administration of a monoclonal neutralizing antibody protects mice against SARS-CoV-2 infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandro Halwe ◽  
Alexandra Kupke ◽  
Kanika Vanshylla ◽  
Falk Liberta ◽  
Henning Gruell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Intranasal Application ◽  
Important Drug

Despite recent availability of vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an urgent need for specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. Monoclonal neutralizing antibodies are an important drug class in the global fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic due to their ability to convey immediate protection and their potential to be used as both, prophylactic and therapeutic drugs. Clinically used neutralizing antibodies against respiratory viruses are currently injected intravenously, which can lead to suboptimal pulmonary bioavailability and thus to a lower effectiveness. Here we describe DZIF-10c, a fully human monoclonal neutralizing antibody that binds the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. DZIF-10c displays an exceptionally high neutralizing potency against SARS-CoV-2 and retains activity against the variants of concern B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. Importantly, not only systemic but also intranasal application of DZIF-10c abolished presence of infectious particles in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2 infected mice and mitigated lung pathology. Along with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, these results highlight DZIF-10c as a novel human SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody with high in vitro and in vivo antiviral potency. The successful intranasal application of DZIF-10c paves the way for clinical trials investigating topical delivery of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

scholarly journals Antiviral Effects of ABMA against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 In Vitro and In Vivo

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenwen Dai ◽  
Yu Wu ◽  
Jinpeng Bi ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Simplex Virus

scholarly journals Activity of compounds containing echinochrome A against herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro and in vivo

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V. Krylova ◽  
I. A. Leneva ◽  
S. A. Fedoreev ◽  
L. K. Ebralidze ◽  
N. P. Mishchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Type ◽  
Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Echinochrome A ◽  
Simplex Virus

The aim of the work was to study the activity of echinochrome A, a naphthoquinoid pigment from sea urchins, and its antioxidant composition against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in vitro and in vivo.Materials and methods. Strain HSV-2 (G ATCC VR-734) was grown in Vero cells. The cytotoxic and anti-HSV-2 activity of the compounds was assessed in vitro by the cell viability and by cytopathic effect inhibition of virus using MTT test. The efficacy of compounds in mice model of vaginitis caused by HSV-2 was determined by the average lifetime, body weight and viral load changes.Results and discussion. The antioxidant composition (echinochrome A, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol (5:5:1)), showed a higher antiviral efficacy than echinochrome A alone. Oral administration of the antioxidant composition protected 90% of the infected mice against death and reduced vaginal viral loads. The antiviral activity of echinochrome A and the antioxidant composition is probably due to the virus-inhibiting activity of the compounds and their antioxidant properties.Conclusion. The results obtained allow considering the tested compounds as promising agents with antiviral properties.

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