scholarly journals Factors Underlying Individual Differences in Speech-Recognition Threshold (SRT) in Noise Among Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E. Humes
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Recognition Threshold ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Many older adults have difficulty understanding speech in noisy backgrounds. In this study, we examined peripheral auditory, higher-level auditory, and cognitive factors that may contribute to such difficulties. A convenience sample of 137 volunteer older adults, 90 women, and 47 men, ranging in age from 47 to 94 years (M = 69.2 and SD = 10.1 years) completed a large battery of tests. Auditory tests included measures of pure-tone threshold, clinical and psychophysical, as well as two measures of gap-detection threshold and four measures of temporal-order identification. The latter included two monaural and two dichotic listening conditions. In addition, cognition was assessed using the complete Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-3rd Edition (WAIS-III). Two monaural measures of speech-recognition threshold (SRT) in noise, the QuickSIN, and the WIN, were obtained from each ear at relatively high presentation levels of 93 or 103 dB SPL to minimize audibility concerns. Group data, both aggregate and by age decade, were evaluated initially to allow comparison to data in the literature. Next, following the application of principal-components factor analysis for data reduction, individual differences in speech-recognition-in-noise performance were examined using multiple-linear-regression analyses. Excellent fits were obtained, accounting for 60–77% of the total variance, with most accounted for by the audibility of the speech and noise stimuli and the severity of hearing loss with the balance primarily associated with cognitive function.

scholarly journals COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN COUPLES AND COLLABORATIVE INVOLVEMENT IN TYPE 1 DIABETES MANAGEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S259-S259
Author(s):  
Cynthia Berg ◽  
Yana Suchy ◽  
Nancy Allen ◽  
Rob Kent de Grey ◽  
MaryJane Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Diabetes Management ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Medical Regimen ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Lower Intelligence

Abstract Managing type 1 diabetes involves coordinating complex daily behaviors that benefit from higher cognitive function. One’s spouse’s cognitive function may also be beneficial as spouses may collaborate in daily adherence behaviors and may be especially beneficial for older adults who may be experiencing poorer cognitive function. We examined: 1) whether one’s own and one’s spouse’s cognitive function predicted lower (better) HbA1c, 2) whether collaborating with a more cognitively capable spouse was especially beneficial, and 3) whether the benefit of partners’ cognitive ability occurred through better adherence. 199 couples were recruited where one member was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for at least one year (52% females, average age 46.8 years, range 25.9-74.9, average duration of diabetes 27 years). Both patients and spouses completed the information subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Addition as a measure of general intelligence. Patients rated the collaborative involvement of their spouse in their diabetes and their adherence to their medical regimen. Multiple regressions revealed that spouse’ higher intelligence uniquely and solely predicted better HbA1c over patient’s intelligence. Collaborating with a spouse of lower intelligence was associated with higher HbA1c for older adults; collaborating with a spouse of higher intelligence was associated with somewhat lower HbA1c. Mediational analyses indicated that spouse’s intelligence was associated with higher HbA1c through better adherence behaviors. The results suggest that individuals with type 1 diabetes who have a spouse of lower cognitive function may benefit from support from others in their network to manage their diabetes.

Neuropsychological Practice Effects in the Context of Cognitive Decline: Contributions from Learning and Task Novelty

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sommer R. Thorgusen ◽  
Yana Suchy ◽  
Gordon J. Chelune ◽  
Brian R. Baucom
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Practice Effects ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Novelty Effect ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Component Processes ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAlthough cognitive decline is typically associated with decreasing practice effects (PEs) (presumably due to declining memory), some studies show increased PEs with declines in cognition. One explanation for these inconsistencies is that PEs reflect not only memory, but also rebounds from adapting to task novelty (i.e., novelty effect), leading to increased PEs. We examined a theoretical model of relationships among novelty effects, memory, cognitive decline, and within-session PEs. Sixty-six older adults ranging from normal to severely impaired completed measures of memory, novelty effects, and two trials each of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4thEdition Symbol Search and Coding. Interrelationships among variables were examined using regression analyses. PEs for Symbol Search and Coding (a) were related to different proposed PE components (i.e., memory and novelty effects), such that novelty effect predicted Symbol Search PE (R2=.239, p<.001) and memory predicted Coding PE (R2=.089, p=.015), and (b) showed different patterns across stages of cognitive decline, such that the greatest cognitive decline was associated with smallest Coding PE (R2=.125, p=.004), whereas intermediate cognitive decline was associated with the greatest Symbol Search PE (R2=.097, p=.040). The relationship between cognitive decline and PE for Symbol Search was partially mediated by novelty effect among older adults with abnormal cognitive decline (model R2=.286, p<.001). These findings (a) suggest that PE is not a unitary construct, (b) offer an explanation for contradictory findings in the literature, and (c) highlight the need for a better understanding of component processes of PE across different neuropsychological measures. (JINS, 2016, 22, 453–466)

Factors Associated With Individual Differences in Clinical Measures of Speech Recognition Among the Elderly

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E. Humes ◽  
Betty U. Watson ◽  
Laurel A. Christensen ◽  
Carol G. Cokely ◽  
Dan C. Halling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wide Range

In the present study, the speech-recognition performance of 50 subjects aged 63 to 83 years was measured for a wide range of materials (nonsense syllables, monosyllabic words, sentences) and listening conditions (presentation levels of 70 and 90 dB SPL, both in quiet and in a noise background). In addition to complete audiologic evaluations, measures of auditory processing (the Test of Basic Auditory Capabilities [TBAC], Watson, 1987) and cognitive function (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised [WAIS-R], and the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised [WMS-R], Wechsler, 1981, 1987) were obtained from all subjects. Principal component analyses were applied to each of the three sets of measures (speech-recognition, auditory, and cognitive) prior to examining associations among the sets using canonical analyses. Two principal components captured most of the systematic variation in performance sampled by the set of 20 speech-recognition measures. Hearing loss emerged as the single largest factor associated with individual differences in speech-recognition performance among the elderly, accounting for 70–75% of the total variance in speech-recognition performance, with the measures of auditory processing and cognitive function accounting for little or no additional variance.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in Cognitive and Sensory Processing: Focus on Middle-Aged Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E. Humes
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cognitive Measures ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Middle Aged Adults

Purpose The purpose of this article was to examine the effects of age on (a) various psychophysical measures of threshold sensitivity and temporal processing in hearing, vision, and touch and (b) measures of cognitive processing as assessed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Third Edition (Wechsler, 1997). Method Age group differences and correlations with age were examined, as were associations among age, sensory processing, and cognition. Results The group analyses showed significant differences on most sensory and cognitive measures such that middle-aged adults performed significantly worse than young adults and significantly better than older adults. Correlations of performance with age were also significant when analyses were restricted to just the young and middle-aged adults. Last, sensory processing, but not age, was significantly correlated with cognitive processing when analyses were restricted to just the young and middle-aged adults. Conclusion Middle-aged adults experienced declines in both sensory and cognitive processing. The declines in both the cognitive and sensory domains were such that, for most measures in each domain, the performance of middle-aged adults fell somewhere between that of young and older adults.

scholarly journals Format Effects of iPad Administration of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition: Cross-Sectional Evidence for Score Equivalency in Routine Clinical Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1283-1287
Author(s):  
Stephanie Ruth Young
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Abstract Objective The literature lacks independent investigations of the influence of tablet administration of cognitive assessments in applied clinical settings. The present study examined the influence of iPad administration on (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Fourth Edition) WAIS-IV core subtest scores in a university-based clinic. Method Record review was conducted for a convenience sample (N = 66) of university students who were administered the WAIS-IV via iPad or traditional format. Bayesian difference testing was used to evaluate the strength of the evidence for subtest score equivalence across groups. Results Evidence supported score equivalency for the 10 core subtests across administration groups (BF &gt; 3). The one exception was digit span-forward condition, for which equivalence was supported (BF = 2.44), but did not meet cut-off criteria. Conclusions iPad administration of WAIS-IV is unlikely to influence subtest scores in routine clinical practice with healthy young adults. Further independent research in diverse clinical populations is recommended.

Prorating IQ Scores for Older Adults: Validation of a Seven-Subtest WAIS-R with the Mayo Older Americans Normative Sample

Assessment ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Schretlen ◽  
Robert J. Ivnik
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Older Americans ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Concurrent validity of a seven-subtest short form (7SF) of the revised edition of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R) was examined in 733 cognitively normal adults between 56 and 99 years of age who participated in Mayo's Older Americans Normative Studies (MOANS). Pearson correlation coefficients between actual and prorated MAYO Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQ scores ranged from r =. 93 to r =. 97. Actual and prorated FSIQ scores differed by 6 points or less for 98% of participants, and the observed deviations did not vary as a function of age. These results support the use of this WAIS-R short form to prorate MAYO IQ scores for older adults.

Geschlechtseffekte bei Intelligenz- und Gedächtnisleistungen

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja C. Lepach ◽  
Wiebke Reimers ◽  
Franz Pauls ◽  
Franz Petermann ◽  
Monika Daseking
Keyword(s):  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Diese Studie untersucht die Zusammenhänge von Intelligenz- und Gedächtnisleistungen in der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV und der Wechsler Memory Scale-IV unter Berücksichtigung des Geschlechts (N = 137 Gesunde, 63 w/74 m). Ein Vorteil der weiblichen Testpersonen im verbalen episodischen Gedächtnis sowie in einzelnen Aufgaben zur Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit konnte beobachtet werden. Die männlichen Testpersonen schnitten in den Untertests Allgemeines Wissen und Visuelle Puzzles besser ab. Wie gut Gedächtnisleistungen Intelligenzleistungen erklären beziehungsweise vorhersagen, ist aufgrund unserer Ergebnisse nicht nur abhängig von den Aufgaben, sondern auch vom Geschlecht.

Analyse von Querschnittsdaten zur Intelligenzentwicklung im Erwachsenenalter: eine Studie zur deutschsprachigen Version der WAIS-IV

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Daseking ◽  
Franz Petermann
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Adult Intelligence ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence ◽  
Deutschsprachige Version

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der Datensatz (N = 1664), aus dem auch die Normstichprobe für die deutschsprachige Version der Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) gezogen wurde, nach altersabhängigen Veränderungen kognitiver Fähigkeiten analysiert. Die niedrigsten Rohwertmittelwerte werden in der ältesten Altersgruppe erreicht, die Leistungsspitzen finden sich überwiegend im Altersbereich zwischen 20 und 29 Jahren. In den Untertests der Indizes Wahrnehmungsgebundenes Logisches Denken und Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit kommt es zu einer bedeutsamen Leistungsabnahme mit zunehmendem Alter: In der ältesten Altersgruppe werden nur noch zwischen 50 und 60 % der Rohwertmittelwerte der leistungsstärksten Altersgruppe erreicht. Gleichzeitig nimmt die Heterogenität in der Rohwertverteilung zu. Für die Indizes Sprachverständnis und Arbeitsgedächtnis fallen beide Effekte deutlich niedriger aus.

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