scholarly journals Identification of Mineralocorticoid Receptors, Aldosterone, and Its Processing Enzyme CYP11B2 on Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Neurons in Rat Intracardiac Ganglia

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Dehe ◽  
Shaaban A. Mousa ◽  
Noureddin Aboryag ◽  
Mohammed Shaqura ◽  
Antje Beyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Double Immunofluorescence ◽  
Sif Cells ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Processing Enzyme ◽  
Intracardiac Ganglia ◽  
Immunofluorescence Labeling ◽  
Heart Atria

Recent interest has focused on the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and its impact on the myocardium and the performance of the heart. However, there is a lack of evidence about MR expression and its endogenous ligand aldosterone synthesis with specific regard to the intrinsic cardiac nervous system. Therefore, we looked for evidence of MR and aldosterone in sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons of intracardiac ganglia. Tissue samples from rat heart atria were subjected to conventional reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and double immunofluorescence confocal analysis of MR, corticosterone-inactivating enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-2 (11β-HSD2), aldosterone, and its processing enzyme CYP11B2 together with the neuronal markers vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Our results demonstrated MR, 11β-HSD2, and CYP11B2 specific mRNA and protein bands in rat heart atria. Double immunofluorescence labeling revealed coexpression of MR immunoreactivity with VAChT in large diameter parasympathetic principal neurons. In addition, MR immunoreactivity was identified in TH-immunoreactive small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells and in nearby VAChT- and TH-immunoreactive nerve terminals. Interestingly, the aldosterone and its synthesizing enzyme CYP11B2 and 11β-HSD2 colocalized in MR– immunoreactive neurons of intracardiac ganglia. Overall, this study provides first evidence for the existence of not only local expression of MR, but also of 11β-HSD2 and aldosterone with its processing enzyme CYP11B2 in the neurons of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, suggesting a possible modulatory role of the mineralocorticoid system on the endogenous neuronal activity on heart performance.

Imaging cardiac innervation

2021 ◽  
pp. 565-576
Author(s):  
Albert Flotats ◽  
Ignasi Carrió
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Cardiac Innervation ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Planar Scintigraphy ◽  
Cardiac Disorders ◽  
The Subject

Cardiac autonomic nervous system contributes to maintain haemodynamic and electrophysiological stability to changing demands. Cardiac innervation imaging can be performed by means of planar scintigraphy/SPECT or PET using different radiotracers developed for the assessment of pre- and postsynaptic receptors of the cardiac autonomic nervous system, with sufficient sensitivity to assess a process that takes place at picomolar concentrations. Clinically, cardiac innervation imaging is mainly performed targeting postganglionic presynaptic sympathetic neurons by means of myocardial 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-mIBG) planar scintigraphy and SPECT, which has shown to be of value in the assessment of patients with different cardiac disorders, especially in those with heart failure (HF), having an independent prognostic value. This clinically oriented chapter updates the subject with inclusion of new data reinforcing the use of sympathetic cardiac innervation imaging for improving patient management.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis via Exercise Heart Rate Recovery

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ugur Nadir Karakulak ◽  
Sercan Okutucu ◽  
Levent Şahiner ◽  
Naresh Maharjan ◽  
Elifcan Aladag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
System Involvement ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Analysis of the development of the nervous system of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio

Development ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Judith Shulman Weis
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Teleost Fishes ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Solid Structure ◽  
Derivatives Of

In teleost fishes, unlike many other vertebrates, the spinal cord originates as a solid structure, the neural keel, which subsequently hollows out. Unlike vertebrates in which the neural tube is formed from neural folds, and where the neural crest arises from wedge-shaped masses of tissue connecting the neural tube to the general ectoderm, teleosts do not possess a clear morphological neural crest. Initially, the dorsal surface of the keel is broadly attached to the ectoderm as described by Shepard (1961). As the neural primordia become larger and more discrete, the region of attachment narrows, and cells become loose (the ‘loose crest stage’). These cells represent the neural crest. Subsequently they begin to migrate and to differentiate into the various derivatives of neural crest. Both sensory and sympathetic neurons arise from neural crest. At the time of their migration the cells are not morphologically distinguishable.

α2B-Adrenergic receptor deletion polymorphism and cardiac autonomic nervous system responses to exercise in obese women

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Ueno ◽  
E S T Frazzatto ◽  
L T Batalha ◽  
I C Trombetta ◽  
M do Socorro Brasileiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Deletion Polymorphism ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical analysis of nerve growth factor receptor expression in normal and malignant human tissues.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
P G Chesa ◽  
W J Rettig ◽  
T M Thomson ◽  
L J Old ◽  
M R Melamed
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Nerve Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Nerve Growth

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a polypeptide important for normal development of the nervous system and promotion of survival and differentiation of sensory and sympathetic neurons in culture. The cellular effects of NGF are mediated by a specific cell surface molecule, nerve growth factor receptor (NGF-R). In the present study we have used a monoclonal antibody against human NGF-R to examine, by the avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase method, the receptor distribution in a wide range of normal tissues and in more than 200 malignant tumors. Our results show that (a) human NGF-R is expressed in the peripheral nervous system but not in any of the central nervous system areas tested; (b) NGF-R expression is not restricted to neural tissues but is also found in a number of normal epithelial, mesenchymal, and lymphoid tissues; (c) NGF-R expression changes during normal development; and (d) NGF-R expression in malignant tumors generally parallels its normal tissue distribution. Thus, NGF-R is detected in a proportion of neuroectoderm-derived tumors, carcinomas, and lymphomas, and also in a characteristic group of small round-cell tumors (Ewing's sarcomas and embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas). These findings suggest a normal regulatory role for NGF in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells and identify a range of human tumors in which the NGF/NGF-R system may contribute to the malignant phenotype.

scholarly journals Effects of Prior Intensive Insulin Therapy on Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Function in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Circulation ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 119 (22) ◽  
pp. 2886-2893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica Pop-Busui ◽  
Phillip A. Low ◽  
Barbara H. Waberski ◽  
Catherine L. Martin ◽  
James W. Albers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Insulin Therapy ◽  
Intensive Insulin Therapy ◽  
System Function ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System Function

scholarly journals Chronic atropine administration diminishes the contribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide to heart rate regulation

2008 ◽  
pp. 827-837
Author(s):  
J Kuncová ◽  
Š Faitová ◽  
J Capouch ◽  
M Štengl ◽  
J Slavíková
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide ◽  
Rat Heart ◽  
Vagal Stimulation ◽  
Rate Regulation ◽  
Heart Rate Regulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heart Atria ◽  
Intestinal Polypeptide

Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is implicated in the modulation of vagal effects on the heart rate. In this study, the impact of acute and chronic atropine administration on VIP levels in rat heart atria was investigated in relation to heart rate in the course of vagus nerves stimulation. Anaesthetised control and atropinised (10 mg/kg/day for 10 days) rats pretreated with metipranolol and phentolamine that were either given or not a single dose of atropine were subjected to bilateral vagus nerve stimulation (30 min: 0.7 mA, 20 Hz, 0.2 ms). VIP concentrations in the atria were determined after each stimulation protocol. In control rats with or without single atropine administration, the heart rate upon vagal stimulation was higher than in atropinised animals with or without single atropine dose, respectively. VIP concentrations in the control atria were significantly decreased after the stimulation; the decrease was comparable both in the absence and presence of a single dose of atropine. Compared to controls, VIP levels were significantly decreased after chronic atropine treatment and they were not further reduced by vagal stimulation and single atropine administration. Administration of VIP antagonist completely abolished the differences in the heart rate upon vagal stimulation between control and atropinised groups. In conclusion, the data indicate that chronic atropine administration affects VIP synthesis in rat heart atria and consequently it modifies the heart rate regulation.

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