scholarly journals Rostral Intralaminar Thalamus Engagement in Cognition and Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara K. Cover ◽  
Brian N. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Lateral Geniculate Nucleus ◽  
Behavioral Engagement ◽  
Feedback Information ◽  
Parafascicular Nucleus ◽  
Intralaminar Nuclei ◽  
Thalamic Relay ◽  
Intralaminar Thalamus ◽  
Thalamic Relay Nuclei ◽  
And Behavior

The thalamic rostral intralaminar nuclei (rILN) are a contiguous band of neurons that include the central medial, paracentral, and central lateral nuclei. The rILN differ from both thalamic relay nuclei, such as the lateral geniculate nucleus, and caudal intralaminar nuclei, such as the parafascicular nucleus, in afferent and efferent connectivity as well as physiological and synaptic properties. rILN activity is associated with a range of neural functions and behaviors, including arousal, pain, executive function, and action control. Here, we review this evidence supporting a role for the rILN in integrating arousal, executive and motor feedback information. In light of rILN projections out to the striatum, amygdala, and sensory as well as executive cortices, we propose that such a function enables the rILN to modulate cognitive and motor resources to meet task-dependent behavioral engagement demands.

scholarly journals Central Auditory Processing and Cognitive Functions in Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Cristina Furtado Back ◽  
Ana Chrystina de Souza Crippa ◽  
Tatiana Izabelle Jaworski de Sá Riechi ◽  
Liliane Desgualdo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Auditory Processing Disorder ◽  
Behavior Rating ◽  
Central Auditory Processing ◽  
Behavior Rating Inventory ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract Introduction Nowadays, there is no consensus on whether central auditory processing disorder is a primary or a secondary deficit to other cognitive deficits. A better understanding of the association between cognitive functions and central auditory skills may help elucidate this dilemma. Objective To investigate possible associations between auditory abilities and cognitive functions in schoolchildren. Methods Fifty-eight schoolchildren, aged between 8 years and 0 months old and 11 years and 11 months old, who underwent the following tests: masking level difference, gaps in noise, pitch pattern sequence test, dichotic digits test, sustained auditory attention ability test, Wechsler intelligence scale for children – IV, junior Hayling test, five digits test, and behavior rating inventory of executive function. Results Significant correlations were found between the hearing ability of temporal resolution and executive functions, temporal ordering/sequencing, binaural integration and separation, and sustained auditory attention, operational memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility; binaural integration was also associated with intelligence. The statistically significant positive correlation found between the ability of binaural interaction and the components of emotional control and behavior regulation of the behavior rating inventory of executive function was unexpected. Conclusion The associations identified reinforce the complexity of the tasks involved in the evaluation of central auditory processing and the need for multidisciplinary evaluation for the differential diagnosis of auditory processing disorder. Confirmation of the presence or absence of comorbidities between different disorders allows directing the therapeutic behaviors and reducing the impact of possible auditory and/or cognitive deficits in the different daily life situations of children.

Thalamic relay nuclei for cerebellar and certain related fiber systems in the cat

1979 ◽  
Vol 185 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. C. Hendry ◽  
E. G. Jones ◽  
J. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Thalamic Relay ◽  
Thalamic Relay Nuclei

Supporting Young Children’s Development of Executive Function Through Early Mathematics

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Christina Mulcahy ◽  
Crystal A. Day Hess ◽  
Douglas H. Clements ◽  
Jasmine R. Ernst ◽  
Sarah E. Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
Early Childhood Teachers ◽  
Academic Skills ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Early Mathematics ◽  
General Skills ◽  
And Behavior

Early childhood teachers face competing instructional priorities to support specific academic skills and general skills that underlie learning, such as executive function (EF) skills that allow children to control their own thinking and behavior. As the evidence shows, EF skills predict later mathematics achievement, and early mathematics predicts later EF. These relations between mathematics and EF suggest high-quality mathematics teaching has a dual benefit: Teachers can promote children’s math and EF competencies by embedding support for EF in high-quality mathematics activities. Children benefit when guided to reflect on solutions and alternative strategies, and teachers benefit from guidance on how to support both math and EF. Finally, research on teachers developing both domains can inform educational policy.

Prenatal Exposure To Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances And Childhood Executive Function And Behavior Problems

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 2135
Author(s):  
Maria H. Harris ◽  
Emily Oken ◽  
Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman ◽  
Thomas F. Webster ◽  
Roberta F. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Behavior Problems ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals The generation mechanism of spike-and-slow wave discharges appearing on thalamic relay nuclei

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Hu ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Feng Shi ◽  
Xiaoqiang Zou ◽  
Jing Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave ◽  
Generation Mechanism ◽  
Thalamic Relay ◽  
Thalamic Relay Nuclei

scholarly journals Respiratory alkalosis provokes spike-wave discharges in seizure-prone rats

eLife ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn A Salvati ◽  
George MPR Souza ◽  
Adam C Lu ◽  
Matthew L Ritger ◽  
Patrice Guyenet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Absence Epilepsy ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Absence Seizure ◽  
Patient Response ◽  
Absence Seizures ◽  
Intralaminar Nuclei ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Intralaminar Thalamus ◽  
Spike Wave Discharges

Hyperventilation reliably provokes seizures in patients diagnosed with absence epilepsy. Despite this predictable patient response, the mechanisms that enable hyperventilation to powerfully activate absence seizure-generating circuits remain entirely unknown. By utilizing gas exchange manipulations and optogenetics in the WAG/Rij rat, an established rodent model of absence epilepsy, we demonstrate that absence seizures are highly sensitive to arterial carbon dioxide, suggesting that seizure-generating circuits are sensitive to pH. Moreover, hyperventilation consistently activated neurons within the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus, a structure implicated in seizure generation. We show that intralaminar thalamus also contains pH-sensitive neurons. Collectively, these observations suggest that hyperventilation activates pH-sensitive neurons of the intralaminar nuclei to provoke absence seizures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document