scholarly journals The Chemical Basis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cell Toxicity With Contributions From Eryptosis and Ferroptosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Derry ◽  
Anh Tran Tram Vo ◽  
Aswini Gnanansekaran ◽  
Joy Mitra ◽  
Anton V. Liopo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cell Toxicity ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Dna Breakage ◽  
Direct Injury ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Radical Damage ◽  
Energy Pathways

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly devastating event both because of the direct injury from space-occupying blood to the sequelae of the brain exposed to free blood components from which it is normally protected. Not surprisingly, the usual metabolic and energy pathways are overwhelmed in this situation. In this review article, we detail the complexity of red blood cell degradation, the contribution of eryptosis leading to hemoglobin breakdown into its constituents, the participants in that process, and the points at which injury can be propagated such as elaboration of toxic radicals through the metabolism of the breakdown products. Two prominent products of this breakdown sequence, hemin, and iron, induce a variety of pathologies including free radical damage and DNA breakage, which appear to include events independent from typical oxidative DNA injury. As a result of this confluence of damaging elements, multiple pathways of injury, cell death, and survival are likely engaged including ferroptosis (which may be the same as oxytosis but viewed from a different perspective) and senescence, suggesting that targeting any single cause will likely not be a sufficient strategy to maximally improve outcome. Combination therapies in addition to safe methods to reduce blood burden should be pursued.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Review on Alzheimer’s Disease: Causes and Treatment

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (24) ◽  
pp. 5789
Author(s):  
Zeinab Breijyeh ◽  
Rafik Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Radical Damage

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disorder that causes degeneration of the cells in the brain and it is the main cause of dementia, which is characterized by a decline in thinking and independence in personal daily activities. AD is considered a multifactorial disease: two main hypotheses were proposed as a cause for AD, cholinergic and amyloid hypotheses. Additionally, several risk factors such as increasing age, genetic factors, head injuries, vascular diseases, infections, and environmental factors play a role in the disease. Currently, there are only two classes of approved drugs to treat AD, including inhibitors to cholinesterase enzyme and antagonists to N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA), which are effective only in treating the symptoms of AD, but do not cure or prevent the disease. Nowadays, the research is focusing on understanding AD pathology by targeting several mechanisms, such as abnormal tau protein metabolism, β-amyloid, inflammatory response, and cholinergic and free radical damage, aiming to develop successful treatments that are capable of stopping or modifying the course of AD. This review discusses currently available drugs and future theories for the development of new therapies for AD, such as disease-modifying therapeutics (DMT), chaperones, and natural compounds.

Study of antioxidant potential in leaves, stems, nuts of Juglans regia L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Raja* ◽  
Ivvala Anand Shaker ◽  
Inampudi Sailaja ◽  
R. Swaminathan ◽  
S. Saleem Basha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Radical Damage

Natural antioxidants can protect the human body from free radicals and retard the progress of many chronic diseases as well as lipid oxidative rancidity in foods. The role of antioxidants has protected effect against free radical damage that may cause many diseases including cancer. Primary sources of naturally occurring antioxidants are known as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Several studies suggest that regular consumption of nuts, mostly walnuts, may have beneficial effects against oxidative stress mediated diseases such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. The role of antioxidants has attracted much interest with respect to their protective effect against free radical damage that may cause many diseases including cancer. Juglans regia L. (walnut) contains antioxidant compounds, which are thought to contribute to their biological properties. Polyphenols, flavonoids and flavonols concentrations and antioxidant activity of Leaves, Stems and Nuts extract of Juglans regia L. as evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, Nitric acid, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation and total oxidation activity were determined. The antioxidant activities of Leaves, Stems and Nuts extract of Juglans regia L. were concentration dependent in different experimental models and it was observed that free radicals were scavenged by the test compounds in all the models.

scholarly journals Basal Ganglia Herniation into the Fourth Ventricle

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mensura Altumbabic ◽  
Marc R. Del Bigio ◽  
Scott Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Transtentorial Herniation ◽  
Intracerebral Bleeding ◽  
Rare Phenomenon ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT:Background:Transtentorial herniation of large cerebral fragments is a rare phenomenon.Method:Case StudyResults:Examination of the brain of a 35-year-old male showed massive intracerebral hemorrhage resulting in displacement of basal ganglia components into the fourth ventricle.Conclusions:Sufficiently rapid intracerebral bleeding can dissect fragments of cerebrum and displace them long distances across the tentorial opening.

scholarly journals Lens Lipid Peroxides and Glutathione Concentrations in Diabetic Cataract

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Özmen ◽  
I Mutaf ◽  
B Özmen ◽  
J Mentes ◽  
O Bayindir
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Diabetic Cataract ◽  
Free Radical Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Radical Damage

This study aims to explore the role of reactive oxygen radicals in the genesis of diabetic cataract. Lipid peroxide (LPO) concentrations in senile ( n = 30) and diabetic ( n = 14) cataractous lenses, were determined as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) by a method modified from Satoh and Yagi, and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations were measured according to Beutler. Lens LPO levels (mean, SD; nmol TBARS/g protein) were significantly higher in diabetics (107·54, 18·12) than senile cataractous subjects (53·54, 15·48) ( P < 0·0001). Lens GSH levels (mean, SD; nmol/g protein) showed no significant difference between diabetics (4·29, 2·05) and senile cataractous subjects (4·68, 3·12). These results suggest that free radical damage is more effective in the genesis of diabetic cataract than in senile cataract.

scholarly journals The Learning Curve in neurofeedback of Peter Van Deusen: A review article

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdenilson Ribeiro Ribas ◽  
Renata de Melo Guerra Ribas ◽  
Hugo André de Lima Martins
Keyword(s):  
Learning Curve ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Patient Evaluation ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Behavioral Psychology ◽  
Choice Of Treatment ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The Learning Curve (TLC) in neurofeedback concept emerged after Peter Van Deusen compiled the results of articles on the expected electrical activity of the brain. This concept was subsequently tested on patients at four clinics in Atlanta between 1994 and 2001. The aim of this paper was to report the historical aspects of TLC. Articles published on the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science were reviewed. During patient evaluation, TLC investigates categories called disconnected, hot temporal lobes, reversal of alpha and beta waves, blocking, locking, and filtering or processing. This enables neuroscientists to use their training designs and, by means of behavioral psychology, to work on neuroregulation, as self-regulation for patients. TLC shows the relationships between electrical, mental and behavioral activity in patients. It also identifies details of patterns that can assist physicians in their choice of treatment.

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