scholarly journals White Matter Abnormalities Associated With Prolonged Recovery in Adolescents Following Concussion

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Lima Santos ◽  
Anthony P. Kontos ◽  
Sarrah Mailliard ◽  
Shawn R. Eagle ◽  
Cynthia L. Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Outcome Prediction ◽  
Uncinate Fasciculus ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Medical Clearance ◽  
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Prolonged Recovery

Background: Concussion symptoms in adolescents typically resolve within 4 weeks. However, 20 – 30% of adolescents experience a prolonged recovery. Abnormalities in tracts implicated in visuospatial attention and emotional regulation (i.e., inferior longitudinal fasciculus, ILF; inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, IFOF; uncinate fasciculus; UF) have been consistently reported in concussion; yet, to date, there are no objective markers of prolonged recovery in adolescents. Here, we evaluated the utility of diffusion MRI in outcome prediction. Forty-two adolescents (12.1 – 17.9 years; female: 44.0%) underwent a diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) protocol within the first 10 days of concussion. Based on days of injury until medical clearance, adolescents were then categorized into SHORT (<28 days; N = 21) or LONG (>28 days; N = 21) recovery time. Fractional anisotropy (FA) in the ILF, IFOF, UF, and/or concussion symptoms were used as predictors of recovery time (SHORT, LONG). Forty-two age- and sex-matched healthy controls served as reference. Higher FA in the ILF (left: adjusted odds ratio; AOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.15 – 0.91, P = 0.030; right: AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10 – 0.83, P = 0.021), IFOF (left: AOR = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.07 – 0.66, P = 0.008; right: AOR = 0.30, 95% CI = 0.11 – 0.83, P = 0.020), and UF (left: AOR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.09 – 0.74, P = 0.011; right: AOR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.10 – 0.73, P = 0.010) was associated with SHORT recovery. In additional analyses, while adolescents with SHORT recovery did not differ from HC, those with LONG recovery showed lower FA in the ILF and IFOF (P < 0.014). Notably, inclusion of dMRI findings increased the sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.93) of a prediction model including clinical variables only (AUC = 0.75). Our findings indicate that higher FA in long associative tracts (especially ILF) might inform a more objective and accurate prognosis for recovery time in adolescents following concussion.

scholarly journals Alveolar Airspace Size in Healthy and Diseased Infant Lungs Measured via Hyperpolarized 3He Gas Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Neonatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nara S. Higano ◽  
Robert P. Thomen ◽  
James D. Quirk ◽  
Heidie L. Huyck ◽  
Andrew D. Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Mri ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Quantitative Histology ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Alveolar Development

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Alveolar development and lung parenchymal simplification are not well characterized in vivo in neonatal patients with respiratory morbidities, such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Hyperpolarized (HP) gas diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a sensitive, safe, nonionizing, and noninvasive biomarker for measuring airspace size in vivo but has not yet been implemented in young infants. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> This work quantified alveolar airspace size via HP gas diffusion MRI in healthy and diseased explanted infant lung specimens, with comparison to histological morphometry. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Lung specimens from 8 infants were obtained: 7 healthy left upper lobes (0–16 months, post-autopsy) and 1 left lung with filamin-A mutation, closely representing BPD lung disease (11 months, post-transplantation). Specimens were imaged using HP <sup>3</sup>He diffusion MRI to generate apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) as biomarkers of alveolar airspace size, with comparison to mean linear intercept (<i>L</i><sub>m</sub>) via quantitative histology. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Mean ADC and <i>L</i><sub>m</sub> were significantly increased throughout the diseased specimen (ADC = 0.26 ± 0.06 cm<sup>2</sup>/s, <i>L</i><sub>m</sub> = 587 ± 212 µm) compared with healthy specimens (ADC = 0.14 ± 0.03 cm<sup>2</sup>/s, <i>L</i><sub>m</sub> = 133 ± 37 µm; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 1 × 10<sup>−7</sup>); increased values reflect enlarged airspaces. Mean ADCs in healthy specimens were significantly correlated to <i>L</i><sub>m</sub> (<i>r</i> = 0.69, <i>p</i> = 0.041). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> HP gas diffusion MRI is sensitive to healthy and diseased regional alveolar airspace size in infant lungs, with good comparison to quantitative histology in ex vivo specimens. This work demonstrates the translational potential of gas MRI techniques for in vivo assessment of normal and abnormal alveolar development in neonates with pulmonary disease.

scholarly journals Semi-automated segmentation of the lateral periventricular regions using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging

MethodsX ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 101023
Author(s):  
Albert M. Isaacs ◽  
Rowland H. Han ◽  
Christopher D. Smyser ◽  
David D. Limbrick ◽  
Joshua S. Shimony
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Automated Segmentation ◽  
Resonance Imaging

scholarly journals Miswiring of Frontostriatal Projections in Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 990-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J Levitt ◽  
Paul G Nestor ◽  
Marek Kubicki ◽  
Amanda E Lyall ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Input Pattern ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Circuit Integration ◽  
Projection Zone

Abstract We investigated brain wiring in chronic schizophrenia and healthy controls in frontostriatal circuits using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging tractography in a novel way. We extracted diffusion streamlines in 27 chronic schizophrenia and 26 healthy controls connecting 4 frontal subregions to the striatum. We labeled the projection zone striatal surface voxels into 2 subtypes: dominant-input from a single cortical subregion, and, functionally integrative, with mixed-input from diverse cortical subregions. We showed: 1) a group difference for total striatal surface voxel number (P = .045) driven by fewer mixed-input voxels in the left (P  = .007), but not right, hemisphere; 2) a group by hemisphere interaction for the ratio quotient between voxel subtypes (P  = .04) with a left (P  = .006), but not right, hemisphere increase in schizophrenia, also reflecting fewer mixed-input voxels; and 3) fewer mixed-input voxel counts in schizophrenia (P  = .045) driven by differences in left hemisphere limbic (P  = .007) and associative (P  = .01), but not sensorimotor, striatum. These results demonstrate a less integrative pattern of frontostriatal structural connectivity in chronic schizophrenia. A diminished integrative pattern yields a less complex input pattern to the striatum from the cortex with less circuit integration at the level of the striatum. Further, as brain wiring occurs during early development, aberrant brain wiring could serve as a developmental biomarker for schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5216
Author(s):  
Koji Kamagata ◽  
Christina Andica ◽  
Ayumi Kato ◽  
Yuya Saito ◽  
Wataru Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Resonance Imaging

There has been an increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases with the rapid increase in aging societies worldwide. Biomarkers that can be used to detect pathological changes before the development of severe neuronal loss and consequently facilitate early intervention with disease-modifying therapeutic modalities are therefore urgently needed. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising tool that can be used to infer microstructural characteristics of the brain, such as microstructural integrity and complexity, as well as axonal density, order, and myelination, through the utilization of water molecules that are diffused within the tissue, with displacement at the micron scale. Diffusion tensor imaging is the most commonly used diffusion MRI technique to assess the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. However, diffusion tensor imaging has several limitations, and new technologies, including neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and free-water imaging, have been recently developed as approaches to overcome these constraints. This review provides an overview of these technologies and their potential as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and disease progression of major neurodegenerative diseases.

scholarly journals Early Increases in Breast Tumor Xenograft Water Mobility in Response to Paclitaxel Therapy Detected by Non-Invasive Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Neoplasia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Galons ◽  
Maria I. Altbach ◽  
Gillian D. Paine-Murrieta ◽  
Charles W. Taylor ◽  
Robert J. Gillies
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Tumor Xenograft ◽  
Water Mobility ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Non Invasive
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