scholarly journals Functional Network Alterations as Markers for Predicting the Treatment Outcome of Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Focal Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Hao ◽  
Wenyi Luo ◽  
Yuhai Xie ◽  
Yu Feng ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Functional Network ◽  
Functional Networks ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
The Mean

Background and PurposeTranscranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an emerging non-invasive neuromodulation technique for focal epilepsy. Because epilepsy is a disease affecting the brain network, our study was aimed to evaluate and predict the treatment outcome of cathodal tDCS (ctDCS) by analyzing the ctDCS-induced functional network alterations.MethodsEither the active 5-day, −1.0 mA, 20-min ctDCS or sham ctDCS targeting at the most active interictal epileptiform discharge regions was applied to 27 subjects suffering from focal epilepsy. The functional networks before and after ctDCS were compared employing graph theoretical analysis based on the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. A support vector machine (SVM) prediction model was built to predict the treatment outcome of ctDCS using the graph theoretical measures as markers.ResultsOur results revealed that the mean clustering coefficient and the global efficiency decreased significantly, as well as the characteristic path length and the mean shortest path length at the stimulation sites in the fMRI functional networks increased significantly after ctDCS only for the patients with response to the active ctDCS (at least 20% reduction rate of seizure frequency). Our prediction model achieved the mean prediction accuracy of 68.3% (mean sensitivity: 70.0%; mean specificity: 67.5%) after the nested cross validation. The mean area under the receiver operating curve was 0.75, which showed good prediction performance.ConclusionThe study demonstrated that the response to ctDCS was related to the topological alterations in the functional networks of epilepsy patients detected by fMRI. The graph theoretical measures were promising for clinical prediction of ctDCS treatment outcome.

COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF TRANSCRANIAL DIRECT CURRENT STIMULATION IN THE CHILD BRAIN: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF REFRACTORY CHILDHOOD FOCAL EPILEPSY

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1430006 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTA PARAZZINI ◽  
SERENA FIOCCHI ◽  
ILARIA LIORNI ◽  
ALBERTO PRIORI ◽  
PAOLO RAVAZZANI
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Focal Epilepsy ◽  
Brain Area ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
The Brain

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) was recently proposed for the treatment of epilepsy. However, the electrode arrangement for this case is debated. This paper analyzes the influence of the position of the anodal electrode on the electric field in the brain. The simulation shows that moving the anode from scalp to shoulder does influence the electric field not only in the cortex, but also in deeper brain regions. The electric field decreases dramatically in the brain area without epileptiform activity.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Influence of Phonological Awareness Intervention and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on the Enhancement of Rapid Automatized Naming and Verbal Short Term Memory in Developmental Dyslexia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyyedeh Samaneh Mirahadi ◽  
Reyhane Mohamadi ◽  
Bahar Arshi ◽  
Jamile Abolghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Rapid Automatized Naming ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Phonological deficits include phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatized naming (RAN) and verbal short term memory (VSTM). PA is defined as a conscious manipulation of the word subunits in word structure. Recently, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used as a complementary treatment with PA intervention in the dyslexia treatment. In this trial we had both a PA intervention group and a PA + tDCS group in which the tDCS is applied over the left parieto-temporal area. It was hypothesized that the PA + tDCS treatment can improve RAN and VSTM. A randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of PA + tDCS intervention in improving RAN and VSTM. Twenty-eight participants were randomly allocated to the active (PA + anodal tDCS) or sham (PA + sham tDCS) groups. Each dyslexic student participated in 15 intervention sessions. RAN and VSTM sub-tests were assessed at the baseline, at the end of the fifth, tenth, and final treatment sessions and finally 6 weeks after the treatment. In both groups, mean scores of RAN sub-tests significantly decreased and the mean scores of the VSTM sub-tests significantly increased during, immediately and also 6 weeks after intervention. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean scores of the outcome measures. PA intervention leads to improvement in RAN and VSTM abilities in dyslexic students for a longer period of time. Combined intervention (PA + tDCS) had no further effect on outcome measures than PA intervention alone.

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: A Double-Blind Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Sharafi ◽  
Arsia Taghva ◽  
Mohammad Arbabi ◽  
Afsaneh Dadarkhah ◽  
Jamshid Ghaderi
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Active Group ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

In the current study, we tried to evaluate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on treatment-resistant major depression. We carried out a double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial was conducted in University Hospitals. Individuals with less than 50% decrease in the intensity of depression after 8 weeks of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were recruited. Thirty patients (16 women) with a mean (SD) age of 47.2 (12.0) years were randomly allocated to 2 groups. For the active group we administered 2-mA stimulation 20 minutes for each session, with 30 seconds ramp-up from 0 and 30 seconds ramp-down. For the sham group we administered 30 seconds ramp-up to 2 mA, 10 seconds stimulation, 30 seconds ramp-down, and 20 minutes no current. The anode was fixed on the center of F3, and the cathode on F4, over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We assessed the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at the baseline (mean difference = 1.0, P = .630), at the last session of tDCS, and at 1-month postintervention. There were statistically significant differences in the mean Hamilton scores after the intervention, and 1 month later in favor of active group; P < .001, and P = .003, respectively. Mixed analysis of variance showed a significant difference in the mean scores for active group P = .010 and pattern of change during the study P < .001 in favor of active intervention. We concluded that tDCS is an efficient therapy for patients with resistant major depression, and the benefits would remain at least for 1 month.

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