scholarly journals A Data-Based Approach for Selecting Pre- and Intra-Operative Language Mapping Tasks

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna O. Ekert ◽  
Matthew A. Kirkman ◽  
Mohamed L. Seghier ◽  
David W. Green ◽  
Cathy J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Naming Task ◽  
Object Naming ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Language Mapping ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Linguistic Functions ◽  
Classical Language ◽  
Language Areas ◽  
Naming Tasks

Background: Pre- and intra-operative language mapping in neurosurgery patients frequently involves an object naming task. The choice of the optimal object naming paradigm remains challenging due to lack of normative data and standardization in mapping practices. The aim of this study was to identify object naming paradigms that robustly and consistently activate classical language regions and could therefore be used to improve the sensitivity of language mapping in brain tumor and epilepsy patients.Methods: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from two independent groups of healthy controls (total = 79) were used to generate threshold-weighted voxel-based consistency maps. This novel approach allowed us to compare inter-subject consistency of activation for naming single objects in the visual and auditory modality and naming two objects in a phrase or a sentence.Results: We found that the consistency of activation in language regions was greater for naming two objects per picture than one object per picture, even when controlling for the number of names produced in 5 s.Conclusion: More consistent activation in language areas for naming two objects compared to one object suggests that two-object naming tasks may be more suitable for delimiting language eloquent regions with pre- and intra-operative language testing. More broadly, we propose that the functional specificity of brain mapping paradigms for a whole range of different linguistic and non-linguistic functions could be enhanced by referring to databased models of inter-subject consistency and variability in typical and atypical brain responses.

Category-specific cortical mapping: color-naming areas

2006 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck-Emmanuel Roux ◽  
Vincent Lubrano ◽  
Valérie Lauwers-Cances ◽  
Christopher R. Mascott ◽  
Jean-François Démonet
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Color Naming ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Cortical Mapping ◽  
Object Naming ◽  
Cortical Areas ◽  
Language Deficit ◽  
Language Areas ◽  
Naming Tasks

Object It has been hypothesized that a certain degree of specialization exists within language areas, depending on some specific lexical repertories or categories. To spare hypothetical category-specific cortical areas and to gain a better understanding of their organization, the authors studied patients who had undergone electrical stimulation mapping for brain tumors and they compared an object-naming task with a category-specific task (color naming). Methods Thirty-six patients with no significant preoperative language deficit were prospectively studied during a 2-year period. Along with a reading task, both object- and color-naming tasks were used in brain mapping. During color naming, patients were asked to identify 11 visually presented basic colors. The modality specificity of the colornaming sites found was subsequently tested by asking patients to retrieve the color attributes of objects. High individual variability was observed in language organization among patients and in the tasks performed. Significant interferences in color naming were found in traditional language regions—that is, Broca (p < 0.003) and Wernicke centers (p = 0.05)—although some color-naming areas were occasionally situated outside of these regions. Color-naming interferences were exclusively localized in small cortical areas (< 1 cm2). Anatomical segregation of the different naming categories was apparent in 10 patients; in all, 13 color-specific naming areas (that is, sites evoking no object-naming interference) were detected in the dominant-hemisphere F3 and the supramarginal, angular, and posterior parts of the temporal gyri. Nevertheless, no specific brain region was found to be consistently involved in color naming (p > 0.05). At five sites, although visually presented color-naming tasks were impaired by stimulation, auditory color naming (for example, “What color is grass?”) was performed with no difficulty, showing that modality-specific areas can be found during naming. Conclusions Within language areas, a relative specialization of cortical language areas for color naming can be found during electrical stimulation mapping.

Context sensitivity and insensitivity in object naming

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara C. Malt
Keyword(s):  
Naming Task ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Context Sensitivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Object Naming ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Naming Tasks

AbstractObjects can almost always be called by more than one name, and the name chosen depends on the context. However, studies of naming in some traditions elicit names by showing objects in isolation and asking merely What is it? If the names produced are not the same as those that would be given in more fully specified communicative contexts, the value of the tasks for understanding object naming is in doubt. The current study examined the effects of different communicative demands on naming of 60 household containers. A standard “free naming” task was contrasted with two other versions. In these two, participants had the goal of getting an addressee to find a target object among others. In one, each object needed to be distinguished from a small set of dissimilar objects, visible to the addressee. In the other, each needed to be distinguished from a large set of similar objects, not visible to the addressee. Responses were sensitive to context in the number of modifiers produced. However, they were insensitive in the head nouns produced. Simple naming tasks such as What is it? can produce results for head nouns equivalent to those from tasks providing more fully specified communicative contexts.

scholarly journals Sentence Reading: A Functional MRI Study at 4 Tesla

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Bavelier ◽  
D. Corina ◽  
P. Jezzard ◽  
S. Padmanabhan ◽  
V. P. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Processing ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Individual Subject ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
Wernicke’S Area ◽  
Classical Language ◽  
Mri Study ◽  
Language Areas

In this study, changes in blood oxygenation and volume were monitored while monolingual right-handed subjects read English sentences. Our results confirm the role of the left peri-sylvian cortex in language processing. Interestingly, individual subject analyses reveal a pattern of activation characterized by several small, limited patches rather than a few large, anatomically well-circumscribed centers. Between-subject analyses confirm a lateralized pattern of activation and reveal active classical language areas including Broca's area, Wernicke's area, and the angular gyms. In addition they point to areas only more recently considered as language-relevant including the anterior portion of the superior temporal sulcus. This area has not been reliably observed in imaging studies of isolated word processing. This raises the hypothesis that activation in this area is dependent on processes specific to sentence reading.

scholarly journals Naming pictures and sounds: Stimulus type affects semantic context effects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wöhner ◽  
Andreas Mädebach ◽  
Jörg D. Jescheniak
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Context Effect ◽  
Context Effects ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Semantic Context ◽  
Perceptual Processing ◽  
Semantic Interference ◽  
Lexical Processes ◽  
Naming Tasks

Semantic context effects obtained in naming tasks have been most influential in devising and evaluating models of word production. We re-investigated this effect in the frequently used blocked-cyclic naming task in which stimuli are presented repeatedly either sorted by semantic category (homogeneous context) or intermixed (heterogeneous context). Previous blocked-cyclic naming studies have shown slower picture naming responses in the homogeneous context. Our study compared this context effect in two task versions, picture naming and sound naming. Target words were identical across task versions (e.g., participants responded with the word “dog” to either the picture of that animal or to the sound [barking] produced by it). We found semantic interference in the homogeneous context also with sounds and the effect was substantially larger than with pictures (Experiments 1 and 2). This difference is unlikely to result from extended perceptual processing of sounds as compared to pictures (Experiments 3 and 4) or from stronger links between pictures and object names than between sounds and object names (Experiment 5). Overall, our results show that semantic context effects in blocked-cyclic naming generalize to stimulus types other than pictures and – in part – also reflect pre-lexical processes that depend on the nature of the stimuli used for eliciting the naming responses.

The modality switching costs of Chinese–English bilinguals in the processing of L1 and L2

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-412
Author(s):  
Tianyang Zhao ◽  
Yanli Huang ◽  
Donggui Chen ◽  
Lu Jiao ◽  
Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Switching Costs ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Sequential Information ◽  
Modality Switching ◽  
L1 And L2

Modality switching cost indicates that people’s performance becomes worse when they judge sequential information that is related to different sensory modalities than judging information that is related to the same modality. In this study, we conducted three experiments on proficient and non-proficient bilingual individuals to investigate the modality switching costs in L1 and L2 processing separately. In Experiment 1, materials were L1 and L2 words that were either conceptually related to a visual modality (e.g., light) or related to an auditory modality (e.g., song). The modality switching costs were investigated in a lexical decision task in both L1 and L2. Experiment 2 further explored the modality switching costs while weakening the activation level of the perceptual modality by adding a set of fillers. Experiment 3 used a word-naming task to explore the modality switching effect in language production in L1 and L2. Results of these experiments showed that the modality switching costs appeared in both language comprehension and production in L1 and L2 conditions. The magnitude of the modality switching costs was conditionally modulated by the L2 proficiency level, such as in the L2 condition in Experiment 1 and in both L1 and L2 conditions in Experiment 3. These results suggest that sensorimotor simulation is involved in not only language comprehension but also language production. The sensorimotor simulation that is acquired in L1 can be transferred to L2.

Who is who: areas of the brain associated with recognizing and naming famous faces

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Giussani ◽  
Franck-Emmanuel Roux ◽  
Lorenzo Bello ◽  
Valérie Lauwers-Cances ◽  
Costanza Papagno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Object Naming ◽  
Language Deficit ◽  
Neurosurgical Patients ◽  
The Brain

Object It has been hypothesized that specific brain regions involved in face naming may exist in the brain. To spare these areas and to gain a better understanding of their organization, the authors studied patients who underwent surgery by using direct electrical stimulation mapping for brain tumors, and they compared an object-naming task to a famous face–naming task. Methods Fifty-six patients with brain tumors (39 and 17 in the left and right hemispheres, respectively) and with no significant preoperative overall language deficit were prospectively studied over a 2-year period. Four patients who had a partially selective famous face anomia and 2 with prosopagnosia were not included in the final analysis. Results Face-naming interferences were exclusively localized in small cortical areas (< 1 cm2). Among 35 patients whose dominant left hemisphere was studied, 26 face-naming specific areas (that is, sites of interference in face naming only and not in object naming) were found. These face naming–specific sites were significantly detected in 2 regions: in the left frontal areas of the superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyri (p < 0.001) and in the anterior part of the superior and middle temporal gyri (p < 0.01). Variable patterns of interference were observed (speech arrest, anomia, phonemic, or semantic paraphasia) probably related to the different stages in famous face processing. Only 4 famous face–naming interferences were found in the right hemisphere. Conclusions Relative anatomical segregation of naming categories within language areas was detected. This study showed that famous face naming was preferentially processed in the left frontal and anterior temporal gyri. The authors think it is necessary to adapt naming tasks in neurosurgical patients to the brain region studied.

The Effects of Case Mixing on Word Recognition: Evidence from a PET Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Mayall ◽  
Glyn W. Humphreys ◽  
Andrea Mechelli ◽  
Andrew Olson ◽  
Cathy J. Price
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Feature Detection ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Naming Task ◽  
Attentional Processing ◽  
Mixed Case ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Language Areas

The early stages of visual word recognition were investigated by scanning participants using PET as they took part in implicit and explicit reading tasks with visually disrupted stimuli. CaSe MiXiNg has been shown in behavioral studies to increase reaction times (RTs) in naming and other word recognition tasks. In this study, we found that during both an implicit (feature detection) task and an explicit word-naming task, mixed-case words compared to same-case words produced increased activation in an area of the right parietal cortex previously associated with visual attention. No effect of case was found in this area for pseudowords or consonant strings. Further, lowering the contrast of the stimuli slowed RTs as much as case mixing, but did not lead to the same increase in right parietal activation. No significant effect of case mixing was observed in left-hemisphere language areas. The results suggest that reading mixed-case words requires increased attentional processing. However, later word recognition processes may be relatively unaffected by the disruption in presentation.

Is naming faces different from naming objects? Semantic interference in a face- and object-naming task

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Marful ◽  
Daniela Paolieri ◽  
M. Teresa Bajo
Keyword(s):  
Naming Task ◽  
Object Naming ◽  
Semantic Interference
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document