scholarly journals Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in People Living With HIV: From Epidemiology to Clinical Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo ◽  
Maria Grazia Maimone ◽  
Francesco Fiorica ◽  
Manuela Ceccarelli ◽  
Claudio Guarneri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Ablative Techniques ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Skin cancers represent the most common human tumors with a worldwide increasing incidence. They can be divided into melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). NMSCs include mainly squamous cell (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with the latest representing the 80% of the diagnosed NMSCs. The pathogenesis of NMSCs is clearly multifactorial. A growing body of literature underlies a crucial correlation between skin cancer, chronic inflammation and immunodeficiency. Intensity and duration of immunodeficiency plays an important role. In immunocompromised patients the incidence of more malignant forms or the development of multiple tumors seems to be higher than among immunocompetent patients. With regards to people living with HIV (PLWH), since the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs), such as NMSCs, have been increasing and now these neoplasms represent a leading cause of illness in this particular population. PLWH with NMSCs tend to be younger, to have a higher risk of local recurrence and to have an overall poorer outcome. NMSCs show an indolent clinical course if diagnosed and treated in an early stage. BCC rarely metastasizes, while SCC presents a 4% annual incidence of metastasis. Nevertheless, metastatic forms lead to poor patient outcome. NMSCs are often treated with full thickness treatments (surgical excision, Mohs micro-graphic surgery and radiotherapy) or superficial ablative techniques (such as cryotherapy, electrodesiccation and curettage). Advances in genetic landscape understanding of NMSCs have favored the establishment of novel therapeutic strategies. Concerning the therapeutic evaluation of PLWH, it’s mandatory to evaluate the risk of interactions between cART and other treatments, particularly antiblastic chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Development of further treatment options for NMSCs in PLWH seems needed. We reviewed the literature after searching for clinical trials, case series, clinical cases and available databases in Embase and Pubmed. We review the incidence of NMSCs among PLWH, focusing our attention on any differences in clinicopathological features of BCC and SCC between PLWH and HIV negative persons, as well as on any differences in efficacy and safety of treatments and response to immunomodulators and finally on any differences in rates of metastatic disease and outcomes.

Surgical Excision of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: No End in Site?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhea Chouhan ◽  
Raveena Patel ◽  
Kaveh Shakib ◽  
Konstantinos Mitsimponas
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Surgical Management of Melanoma and Other Skin Cancers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Wargo ◽  
Kenneth Tenabe
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Stage Iv Melanoma ◽  
Melanoma Skin

The prevalence of malignant skin cancers has increased significantly over the past several years. Approximately 1.2 million cases of non-melanoma skin cancer are diagnosed per year. More alarming, up to 80,000 cases of melanoma are diagnosed per year, an incidence that has been steadily increasing, with a lifetime risk of 1 in 50 for the development of melanoma. The disturbing increase in the incidence of both non-melanoma skin cancer and melanoma can largely be attributed to the social attitude toward sun exposure. The clinical assessment and management of skin lesions can be challenging. This review describes the assessment process, including thorough history and examination; the need for possible biopsy; and excision criteria. Specific types of skin cancer are distinguished and include basal cell carcinoma; squamous cell carcinoma; and melanoma; and for each type the incidence; epidemiology; histologic subtypes; diagnosis; and both surgical and non-surgical treatments are provided. Stages I-IV of melanoma are detailed, with prognostic factors described. Surgical treatment for stages I and II include description of the margins of excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The surgical treatment of Stage III melanoma further includes therapeutic lymph node dissection and isolated limb perfusion. Adjuvant therapies are also presented and include radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The additional treatment of metastasectomy for Stage IV melanoma is described. For both Stage III and IV melanoma, the study of vaccines to host immune cells is reported. For Stage IV melanoma, the text also describes immunotherapy treatment. Operative procedures specific to superficial and deep groin dissections are outlined. This review contains 9 figures, 3 tables, and 96 references.

Early-Stage Detection of Melanoma Skin Cancer Using Contactless Millimeter-Wave Sensors

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 7310-7317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homa Arab ◽  
Lydia Chioukh ◽  
Mansoor Dashti Ardakani ◽  
Steven Dufour ◽  
Serioja Ovidiu Tatu
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Wave Sensors ◽  
Melanoma Skin

scholarly journals Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: Biological and Clinical Features

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5394
Author(s):  
Mauro Cives ◽  
Francesco Mannavola ◽  
Lucia Lospalluti ◽  
Maria Chiara Sergi ◽  
Gerardo Cazzato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Hedgehog Pathway ◽  
Merkel Cell ◽  
Innovative Treatment ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) include basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). These neoplasms are highly diverse in their clinical presentation, as well as in their biological evolution. While the deregulation of the Hedgehog pathway is commonly observed in BCC, SCC and MCC are characterized by a strikingly elevated mutational and neoantigen burden. As result of our improved understanding of the biology of non-melanoma skin cancers, innovative treatment options including inhibitors of the Hedgehog pathway and immunotherapeutic agents have been recently investigated against these malignancies, leading to their approval by regulatory authorities. Herein, we review the most relevant biological and clinical features of NMSC, focusing on innovative treatment approaches.

scholarly journals Treatment of Multiple Actinic Keratosis and Field of Cancerization with Topical Piroxicam 0.8% and Sunscreen 50+ in Organ Transplant Recipients: A Series of 10 Cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Garofalo ◽  
Alessandra Ventura ◽  
Sara Mazzilli ◽  
Laura Diluvio ◽  
Luca Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Medical Device ◽  
Actinic Keratosis ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Organ Transplant Recipient ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Organ transplant recipient (OTR) subjects are at high risk of skin cancer such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Actinic keratosis (AK) is considered the precursor of these non-melanoma skin cancers. Sun protection is mandatory in subjects with AK and this preventive strategy is very important in OTR. Treatment of the field of cancerization is also crucial to reduce the risk of recurrence of skin lesions in AK and non-melanoma skin cancer patients. Activation of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 enzymes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skin cancers. Topical application of cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as diclofenac and, more recently, piroxicam has shown to reduce AK lesions in immunocompetent subjects. A medical device containing piroxicam and SPF 50+ sunscreen filters (P+SS) has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing AK lesions and improving the field of cancerization. We report the effect of P+SS, applied for 16 weeks, in a case series of 10 OTR subjects with multiple AK lesions. P+SS treatment was associated with a relevant AK lesion reduction (>75%) in 7 patients (with a complete clearance in 3 subjects) with an improvement in the field of cancerization. This medical device could be considered a promising long-term curative and preventive treatment in OTR patients at high risk of non-melanoma skin cancers.

scholarly journals Fluorescence detection and diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancer at an early stage

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaap de Leeuw ◽  
Nick van der Beek ◽  
W. Dieter Neugebauer ◽  
Peter Bjerring ◽  
H.A. Martino Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Fluorescence Detection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Melanoma Skin

scholarly journals Dermal Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Scalp – Report of Two Cases

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 2982-2984
Author(s):  
Uwe Wollina ◽  
Jacqueline Schönlebe ◽  
Violetta Bujok ◽  
Torello Lotti ◽  
Georgi Tchernev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Excision ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Split Skin Graft ◽  
Pleomorphic Sarcoma ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Split Skin ◽  
Margin Control ◽  
Aggressive Variant ◽  
Melanoma Skin

BACKGROUND: Neoplasias of the UV-exposed head-and-neck area of the elderly include non-melanoma skin cancers of various origin. CASE REPORT: We report two cases of rapid growing exophytic scalp tumors on chronic sun-damaged skin, in one case with a tendency of bleeding. The tumours were removed by wide surgical excision with 3D margin control, and the resulting defect was covered by a meshed split skin graft. Histopathologic examination disclosed a dermal pleomorphic sarcoma in both cases. The staging was unremarkable in both patients. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcomatous tumours of the scalp should be completely excised with a 3D margin control. Dermal pleomorphic sarcoma is a more aggressive variant compared to atypical fibroxanthoma despite some similarities.

scholarly journals A Peculiar Way of Reconstruction for Surgical Defects of the Upper Lip: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Roberto D'Astolto ◽  
Alfredo Zucchi ◽  
Claudio Feliciani ◽  
Elena Pierobon ◽  
Michele Maria Dominici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Surgical Reconstruction ◽  
Surgical Wound ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
And Function ◽  
Surrounding Skin ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Cutaneous neoformations of the upper lip, especially non melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), are very common. The upper lip is composed of multiple cosmetic subunits and it is divided into a philtral subunit and two lateral ones. For what concerns philtral subunit, Cupid’s bow can be particularly difficult to be recreated after a surgical excision. The vermillion border, that has the function to separate the inner surface of the lip (oral mucosa) from the surrounding skin, lies directly on a circumoral band of orbicularis oris. This is a circumferential muscle with a rich vascular supply that gives the lips their shape, definition and function. Any surgical wound of the lip can be repaired successfully in a variety of ways and the goal is always to maintain the integrity of the philtrum and the Cupid’s bow. We present the case of a 63 year-old woman with a pinkish nodule of the central portion of the upper lip, focusing on surgical reconstruction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document