scholarly journals Primary Yolk Sac Tumor in the Cerebellar Hemisphere: A Case Report and Literature Review of the Rare Tumor

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wu ◽  
Qiang Chen ◽  
Meng Chen ◽  
Jinbo Ning ◽  
Shulei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Cerebellar Hemisphere ◽  
Proliferation Index ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Rare Tumor

Yolk sac tumor (YST) is one of rare malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs). Primary intracranial YST, also endodermal sinus tumor (EST), is a quite rare type of brain tumor. Here, we report a case of YST, review the relevant literature, and propose a treatment strategy for this rare tumor. A 6-year-old boy initially manifested symptoms of dizziness and vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a large irregular oval tumor in the cerebellar hemisphere. We subtotally removed the tumor by microsurgery through the left suboccipital approach. Immunohistochemical staining showed that alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was positive and the Ki-67 proliferation index was high (60%), suggesting a germ cell tumor. After 3 months of follow-up, neither recurrence of tumor nor complications were found in the patient. The diagnosis of YST should be confirmed on the basis of clinical manifestations, neuroimaging and pathological findings. Gross total resection (GTR) is an ideal treatment for YST. However, due to the location of the tumor, GTR is usually difficult, and the rate of postoperative complications is high. This reported case shows that subtotal resection can be a good treatment strategy for YST.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Primary Anterior Mediastinal Yolk Sac Tumor in an Elderly Adult Male

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammy G. Nakhla ◽  
Srinath Sundararajan
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Anterior Mediastinum ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Elderly Adult ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Mediastinal Germ Cell Tumors

Mediastinal germ cell tumors are extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGGCTs) commonly seen in children and young adults. They are more common in men. Clinically they are classified as teratomas, seminomas, and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Primary mediastinal yolk sac neoplasm is an extremely rare tumor. We present here a very rare case of primary yolk sac tumor of the anterior mediastinum in a 73-year-old male. Mediastinal germ cell tumors have a worse prognosis than gonadal germ cell tumors. Chemotherapy followed by adjuvant surgery improves overall response in EGGCTs. However, comorbidities can render treatment with chemotherapy and surgery challenging in elderly patients.

scholarly journals Pediatric Germ Cell Tumors: An Experience of 7 Years in a Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122
Author(s):  
SM Rashed Zahangir Kabir ◽  
Md Waheed Akhtar ◽  
Farida Yasmin
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Germ Cell Tumor ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Childhood Malignancies

Introduction: Germ cell tumors are a group of tumors with different clinical presentation and histological and biological characteristics. Malignant germ cell tumors occur at all ages with a trend of bimodal distribution in infancy and adolescence. Objective: To evaluate the demographic characteristics, distribution of different types of germ cell tumor, treatment modalities and outcome of germ cell tumor in children in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Methods: In this retrospective study, data regarding age and sex distribution, location, types of tumors, management of germ cell tumor in children were retrieved from the medical records of pediatric oncology department in NICRH, Dhaka from 2008 to 2014. Results: Out of total 87 patients female were 50 and male 37. Most of the patients were up to 5 years of age. The gonadal germ cell tumors (80%) were more than extragonadal tumor (20%) in both male and female patients. The most common germ cell tumor was dysgerminoma (32%) followed by yolk sac tumor (29.8%) and teratoma (19.5%). Yolk Sac Tumor (51.4%) was the most common in male and dysgerminoma (56%) the commonest in female. Out of 87, seventy two (82.7%) received chemotherapy following surgery. Among those 72 patients who received chemotherapy 49 (68 %) patients completed their treatment. Until the last follow up 71.4% patients remained alive and tumor free. Conclusion: Germ cell tumors are the most variable tumor of all childhood malignancies that has difference in age, sex, location and histological subtypes. Gonadal tumors have better prognosis than extragonadal tumors in both the sex. DS (Child) H J 2019; 35(2) : 119-122

scholarly journals Are omentectomy and lymphadenectomy necessary in patients with apparently early-stage malignant ovarian germ cell tumors?

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beijiao Qin ◽  
Wenyan Xu ◽  
Yanfang Li
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Immature Teratoma ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Early Stage Disease

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of omentectomy and lymphadenectomy in the treatment of clinically apparent early-stage malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 245 patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (yolk sac tumor, dysgerminoma, and immature teratoma) and with clinically early-stage disease, who were treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 1, 1970 and December 31, 2017. The survival of patients who underwent either omentectomy or lymphadenectomy, or both (omentectomy/lymphadenectomy group) was compared with that of patients who did not undergo omentectomy or lymphadenectomy (non-omentectomy/lymphadenectomy group).ResultsSixty patients were diagnosed with yolk sac tumor, 74 with dysgerminoma, and 111 with immature teratoma. Of these 245 patients, 216 patients had stage I disease, 28 patients had stage II, and 1 patient had stage IIIA. There were 190 patients who underwent omentectomy and/or lymphadenectomy and 55 patients in the non-omentectomy/lymphadenectomy group, respectively. In the omentectomy/lymphadenectomy group, 112 patients underwent both omentectomy and lymphadenectomy, 71 underwent omentectomy only, and 7 underwent lymphadenectomy only. Two hundred and fourteen of 245 patients (87.3%) received post-operative chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 73 months (range 1–388). The 10-year overall survival rates in the omentectomy/lymphadenectomy group and non-omentectomy/lymphadenectomy groups were 96.8% and 100%, respectively (p=0.340). Multivariate analysis evaluating all potential prognostic factors showed that omentectomy and lymphadenectomy are not prognostic factors for survival.ConclusionsOmentectomy and lymphadenectomy do not appear to improve survival and may be omitted in patients with clinically apparent early-stage malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.

scholarly journals Gonadal malignant germ cell tumors express immunoreactive inhibin/activin subunits

2001 ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Cobellis ◽  
P Cataldi ◽  
FM Reis ◽  
G De Palo ◽  
F Raspagliesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Germ Cell Tumors ◽  
Yolk Sac ◽  
Yolk Sac Tumor ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Malignant Germ Cell Tumors

OBJECTIVE: Inhibin and activin are proteins produced by ovarian granulosa cells and testicular Sertoli cells and are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Since increased circulating levels of immunoreactive inhibin were detected in women with malignant ovarian tumors, they were proposed as tumor markers for ovarian carcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies later confirmed the presence of inhibin and activin subunits in granulosa cell tumors and epithelial ovarian cancer, as well as in Sertoli and Leydig cell testicular cancer. However, there is discrepant information on the detection of inhibin and activin in malignant germ cell tumors (MGCT). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of the inhibin/activin alpha, betaA and betaB subunits in ovarian and testicular MGCT specimens using polyclonal antisera. METHODS: The ovarian tissue samples were composed of 19 MGCT, including dysgerminoma (n=18) and yolk sac tumor (n=1). The testis specimens included classic seminomas (n=20), embryonal carcinomas (n=7), choriocarcinomas (n=2), and yolk sac tumor (n=1). RESULTS: Ovarian and testicular malignant germ cell tumors expressed positive staining for inhibin/activin alpha, betaA and betaB subunits, with some variations between and within individual tumors: while ovarian dysgerminomas were diffusely positive for alpha, betaA and betaB, testicular tumors expressed alpha and betaB subunits, whereas betaA staining was weak. CONCLUSIONS: The present results show positive staining for inhibin/activin subunits in ovarian and testicular MGCT, suggesting a possible role in tumorigenesis with the resultant clinical implication.

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