Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Pediatrics With Ocular Infections: A 6-Year Hospital-Based Study in China

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important pathogen of ocular infections in pediatrics. The study aimed to identify the prevalence and resistance pattern of S. aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in Chinese children with ocular infections. All patients with S. aureus infections were reviewed at a tertiary children's hospital during 2015–2020, and those with ocular infections were investigated for susceptibility results. Of 1,668 S. aureus strains, there were 177 unique isolates from ocular infection. Among them, 45 (25.4%) were MRSA and 132 (74.6%) were methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). The proportion of MRSA did not change over time. Most of the strains were obtained from the neonate ward and ophthalmology department (n = 88, 49.7%, and n = 85, 48.0%, respectively), while eye secretion and pus were the main specimen types (n = 128, 72.3%, and n = 37, 20.9%, respectively). MRSA was significantly resistant against penicillin class (97.8%), erythromycin (71.1%), clindamycin (71.1%), and tetracycline (32.1%), with a high multidrug resistance (MDR) rate of 71.1%. However, MRSA was highly sensitive to levofloxacin. Resistance rates against erythromycin and ciprofloxacin as well as MDR percentage all increased among MSSA in children above 1 year of age, ophthalmology department, and outpatient population and decreased in eye secretion specimen. The mean resistance percentage remained stable for MRSA and MSSA during the study period. The survey of ocular S. aureus pathogens in pediatrics and their antibiotic resistance patterns helps in clinical treatment. MRSA with many strains demonstrating MDR is highly prevalent in children with ocular infections in Southeast China. Levofloxacin is an effective topical antibiotic for ocular MRSA infection, while erythromycin has a high resistance rate. The antibiotic resistance patterns of MRSA and MSSA differs and varies by different stratifications. A cautious use of antibiotics should be considered.

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Prevalence of methicillin resistance and superantigenic toxins in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients with cancer

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-021-02319-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Effat Abbasi Montazeri ◽

Azar Dokht Khosravi ◽

Saeedeh Khazaei ◽

Ali Sabbagh

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Mrsa Strains ◽

Southwest Iran ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background This study aimed to determine the frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), antibiotic resistance patterns, superantigenic toxins profile, and clonality of this pathogen in patients with cancer. Results In total, 79 (25.7%) isolates were confirmed as Staphylococcus species, from which 38 (48.1%) isolates were S. aureus, and 29 (76.3%) isolates were confirmed as MRSA. The highest resistance in MRSA strains was seen against ciprofloxacin (86.2%) and erythromycin (82.8%). Teicoplanin, and linezolid were the most effective antibiotics. From all MRSA isolates, 3 strains (10.3%) were resistant to vancomycin with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 128 μg/ml. The prevalence of superantigenic toxins genes was as follows: pvl (10.5%), tsst-1 (36.8%), etA (23.7%), and etB (23.7%). The t14870 spa type with frequency of 39.5% was the most prevalent clone type circulating in the cancer patients. Conclusions This study showed the circulating of spa t14870 as the most predominant MRSA clone in cancer patients of southwest Iran. Also, a diverse antibiotic resistance pattern and toxin profiles were seen among MRSA isolates.

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Antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus infections in children

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20190719 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 727

Author(s):

Senthil Kumar K. ◽

Ajith Brabhu Kumar C.

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

P Value ◽

Aureus Infection ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽

Hospital Acquired

Background: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is endemic in India and is a dangerous pathogen for hospital acquired infections. Analysing antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus helps us to overcome the therapeutic difficulties created by the rising anti-microbial resistant bacteria and guide us in choosing appropriate antibiotics. Hence, this study was conducted.Methods: Children with confirmed S. aureus infection between the age group of 0-12 years were classified into MSSA and MRSA subgroups. Isolates were identified as S. aureus using standard microbiological methodologies at diagnostic bacteriology laboratory, in the Microbiology department. Basic demographic variables and antibiotic resistance patterns were compared between MRSA and MSSA subgroups.Results: Majority of S. aureus were isolated from pus followed by blood culture. Prevalence of community acquired MRSA in present study (80%, with 95% CI from 68.56% to 91.44%) was significantly higher when compared to another studies (p value=0.004). Resistance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin among the MRSA isolates was more than that in methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) (P<0.001).Conclusions: It is prudent to include MRSA coverage in empirical antibiotic regimens in settings where a significant proportion of patients hospitalized for S. aureus infection have MRSA.

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Nasal Carriage and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Staff of a Referral Hospital, Zabol, Iran

International journal of basic science in medicine ◽

10.15171/ijbsm.2019.16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 81-85

Author(s):

Mina Mir ◽

Jalileh Kordi ◽

Zahra Rashki Ghalehnoo ◽

Omid Tadjrobehkar ◽

Hamid Vaez

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Nasal Carriage ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Referral Hospital ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Anatomical Site ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Resistance Patterns

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is known as the causative agent of various infections in humans, and the nasal cavity is the main anatomical site for storing and spreading this pathogen in health care workers (HCWs) in hospital settings. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains are resistant to many antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of S. aureus strains isolated from the nasal carriage of HCWs in a referral hospital in Zabol. Methods: A total of 277 HCWs of Amir-Al-Momenin hospital of Zabol participated voluntarily in this study from March to September 2017. Demographic information was collected using questionnaire. Bacterial isolates were collected from anterior nasal canal using cotton swabs. MRSA isolates were detected by Oxacillin Screen agar and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic resistance was assessed by the disk-diffusion method.Results: In total, 10.8% of HCWs were carriers of S. aureus and 46.7% of the isolates were found to be MRSA. Laboratory staffs were the most frequently colonized HCWs. All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and gentamicin. The highest resistance rate (64.3%) of MRSA isolates was observed against erythromycin.Conclusion: Our findings showed that gentamycin and rifampin might be useful to eradicate S.aureus. Regular screening of HCWs and assessment of antibiotic resistance profile are essential to prevent MRSA dissemination in hospitals.

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Bacterial Spectrum and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Ocular Infection: Differences between External and Intraocular Diseases

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2015/813979 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nan Wang ◽

Qian Yang ◽

Yiwei Tan ◽

Liping Lin ◽

Qiang Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Ocular Surface ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Ocular Infection ◽

Vitreous Fluid ◽

Ocular Infections ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽

Microbial Spectrum

This study aimed to compare the differences of microbial spectrum and antibiotic resistance patterns between external and intraocular bacterial infections in an eye hospital in South China. A total of 737 bacteria isolates from suspected ocular infections were included in this retrospective study covering the period 2010–2013. The organisms cultured from the ocular surface (cornea, conjunctiva) accounted for the majority of the isolates (82.77%,n= 610), followed by the intraocular (aqueous humor, vitreous fluid), which accounted for 17.23% (n= 127). The top three species accounting for the external ocular infections wereS. epidermidis(35.25%),P. aeruginosa(8.03%), andS. simulans(4.43%). The top three species for the intraocular infections wereS. epidermidis(14.96%),S. hominis(8.66%), andB. subtilis(7.87%). The bacteria from the external ocular surface were more sensitive to neomycin, while those from the intraocular specimens were more sensitive to levofloxacin (P< 0.01). Multidrug resistance was found in 89 bacteria (12.08%), including isolates from both external (13.28%) and intraocular samples (6.30%). The results of this study indicate that the bacteria spectrum of external and intraocular infections is variable in the setting. A high percentage of bacterial organisms were found to be primarily susceptible to neomycin for external infection and levofloxacin for intraocular infection.

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Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Distribution of Ampc β-Lactamases Genes Among Acinetobacter Baumannii Clinical Isolates from Hospitals of Tehran, Iran

10.21203/rs.3.rs-614798/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sajad Alizadeh ◽

Majid Baserisalehi ◽

Nima Bahador

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Common Cause ◽

Gram Negative ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Resistance Rates ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background Acinetobacter is a Gram-negative coccobacilli bacterium that can produce severe and different infections. Among the species of these bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii is the most common cause of nosocomial infections. Due to the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium and the significant increase in antibiotic resistance, this study was conducted to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility of A. baumannii isolates from Iran. A total of 60 A. baumannii bacteria were isolated from the different clinical samples in hospitals of Tehran, Iran. The isolates susceptibility to 13 commonly used antibiotics was examined according to the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Using PCR, three important AmpC β-lactamases relayed genes (DHA, CIT and MOX) were detected. Results The highest and lowest resistance rate was related to ampicillin (98.3%) colistin (35%), respectively. Of 60 isolates, 59 isolates (98.34%) were resistant to more than 8 antibiotics. The frequencies of DHA, CIT and MOX genes were 1 (2%), 7 (12%), 27 (46%), respectively. Based on definition, 59 (88.33%), 44 (73.33%) and 13 (21.66%) isolates were MDR, XDR and PDR, respectively. Twenty-four isolates (40%) were negative for all three genes. There was a significant relationship between the presence of MOX gene and antibiotic resistance. Conclusions The high resistance rates of the A. baumannii isolates reported in the present study is alarming and need the management of treatment such as performing of antibiogram test before antibiotic therapy for select the appropriate antibiotic and also completes the course of treatment period.

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Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Clostridium difficile strains isolated from hospitals in south-east Scotland

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.47176-0 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 921-929 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Esvet Mutlu ◽

Allison J. Wroe ◽

Karla Sanchez-Hurtado ◽

Jon S. Brazier ◽

Ian R. Poxton

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Restriction Analysis ◽

Common Type ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Binary Toxin ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

The Common ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽

Susceptibility Patterns

Clostridium difficile isolates (n=149) collected in south-east Scotland between August and October 2005 were typed by four different methods and their susceptibility to seven different antibiotics was determined. The aims were to define the types of strain occurring in this region and to determine whether there were any clonal relationships among them with respect to genotype and antibiotic resistance pattern. Ribotyping revealed that 001 was the most common type (n=113, 75.8 %), followed by ribotype 106 (12 isolates, 8.1 %). The majority of the isolates (96.6 %, n=144) were of toxinotype 0, with two toxinotype V isolates and single isolates of toxinotypes I, IV and XIII. PCR and restriction analysis of the fliC gene from 147 isolates gave two restriction patterns: 145 of pattern VII and two of pattern I. Binary toxin genes were detected in only three isolates: two isolates of ribotype 126, toxinotype V, and one isolate of ribotype 023, toxinotype IV. S-types showed more variation, with 64.5 % (n=40) of the common S-type (4939) and 21 % (n=13) of S-type 4741, with six other S-types (one to three isolates each). All ribotype 001 isolates were of the same S-type (4939), with three isolates of other ribotypes being this S-type. No resistance was found to metronidazole or vancomycin, with resistance to tetracycline only found in 4.3 % of the isolates. A high proportion of isolates were resistant to clindamycin (62.9 %), moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone (both 87.1 %) and erythromycin (94.8 %). Resistance to three antibiotics (erythromycin, clindamycin and ceftriaxone) was seen in 66 isolates, with erythromycin, ceftriaxone and moxifloxacin resistance seen in 96 isolates. Resistance to all four of these antibiotics was found in 62 isolates and resistance to five (the above plus tetracycline) in one isolate: a ribotype 001, toxinotype 0 strain. Whilst ribotype 001 was the most commonly encountered type, there was no evidence of clonal relationships when all other typing and antibiotic resistance patterns were taken into account.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of the clonal lineage ST5-SCCmecII-t2460 was associated with high mortality in a Wuhan hospital

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s42770-021-00557-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xuehan Li ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Yifan Zhang ◽

Junying Zhou ◽

Xinwei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Invasive Procedures ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Small Colony Variant ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

Resistance Rates

AbstractMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important human pathogen that can cause serious infectious diseases. An emerging MRSA strain, ST5-SCCmecII spa-type-t2460 (SMRSA), has spread rapidly since its recent emergence in China, but little information is available about this lineage. In this study, 91 MRSA isolates were collected from patients treated in the Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, from 2018 to 2019, and investigated for their molecular characteristics, antibiotic resistance profiles, and clinical characteristics. The predominant lineage, SMRSA, accounted for 37.4% (34/91) of the isolates, followed by ST239-SCCmecIII-t030 (19.8%, 18/91) and ST59-SCCmecIV-t437 (8.8%, 8/91). In contrast to the latter two non-SMRSA (nSMRSA) lineages, which are among the main MRSA found in Chinese settings, SMRSA exhibited small colony variant (SCV) phenotype and had extremely high resistance rates to erythromycin (100.0%), clindamycin (100.0%), levofloxacin (100.0%), tetracycline (97.1%), moxifloxacin (97.1%), and ciprofloxacin (100%), but was more susceptible to rifampicin (resistance rate 3%). The levels of white blood cells (WBC) and procalcitonin (PCT) and the 30-day mortality in patients infected with SMRSA were (12.54 ± 6.61) × 109/L, 0.66 ng/mL, and 52.9%, respectively, which were much higher than those in patients infected with nSMRSA. In addition, patients infected with SMRSA were more frequently admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and submitted to invasive procedures than those infected with nSMRSA. In conclusion, SMRSA showed SCV phenotype and exhibited multiple antibiotic-resistance profiles. In this study, SMRSA was associated with serious infections and poor prognosis. Compared with ST239, ST59, or other nSMRSA strains, patients infected with SMRSA strains have higher 30-day mortality, increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers, and more frequent ICU hospitalization and invasive procedures.

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