scholarly journals NETosis and the Immune System in COVID-19: Mechanisms and Potential Treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constant Gillot ◽  
Julien Favresse ◽  
François Mullier ◽  
Thomas Lecompte ◽  
Jean-Michel Dogné ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Multiorgan Failure ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Antiviral Proteins

NETosis is a form of neutrophil death leading to the release of extracellular chromatin and the assembling of proteins, including antiviral proteins, primed by an initial pathogenic stimulus. Under certain specific conditions, neutrophils can exhibit a double-edged activity. This event has been implicated in COVID-19 among other conditions. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 by promoting a pro-inflammatory and a procoagulant state leading to multiorgan failure. This particular form of host defense promoted by neutrophils is closely related to the well-known cytokine storm observed in severe COVID-19 patients. These two elements therefore represent possible targets for treatment of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections.

scholarly journals Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Regulate Immune Responses in Health and Disease

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Shrikant R. Mulay ◽  
Hans-Joachim Anders
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Health And Disease

Neutrophils are first responders of antimicrobial host defense and sterile inflammation, and therefore, play important roles during health and disease [...]

scholarly journals Neutrophil extracellular traps in the host defense against sepsis induced by Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna K de Jong ◽  
Gavin CKW Koh ◽  
Ahmed Achouiti ◽  
Anne J van der Meer ◽  
Ingrid Bulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Extracellular Traps

scholarly journals Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Amniotic Cavity of Women with Intra-Amniotic Infection: A New Mechanism of Host Defense

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1139-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nardhy Gomez-Lopez ◽  
Roberto Romero ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Derek Miller ◽  
Ronald Unkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Amniotic Cavity ◽  
Extracellular Traps

scholarly journals Targeting potential drivers of COVID-19: Neutrophil extracellular traps

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Betsy J. Barnes ◽  
Jose M. Adrover ◽  
Amelia Baxter-Stoltzfus ◽  
Alain Borczuk ◽  
Jonathan Cools-Lartigue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Autopsy Specimen

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel, viral-induced respiratory disease that in ∼10–15% of patients progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) triggered by a cytokine storm. In this Perspective, autopsy results and literature are presented supporting the hypothesis that a little known yet powerful function of neutrophils—the ability to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)—may contribute to organ damage and mortality in COVID-19. We show lung infiltration of neutrophils in an autopsy specimen from a patient who succumbed to COVID-19. We discuss prior reports linking aberrant NET formation to pulmonary diseases, thrombosis, mucous secretions in the airways, and cytokine production. If our hypothesis is correct, targeting NETs directly and/or indirectly with existing drugs may reduce the clinical severity of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Host Defense

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. a037028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sofia Burgener ◽  
Kate Schroder
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Extracellular Traps

scholarly journals The regulatory mechanism of neutrophil extracellular traps in cancer biological behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yiyin Zhang ◽  
Qianling Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Wei ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Molecular Pathways ◽  
The Past ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Promote Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Associated Thrombosis

AbstractAs the predominant host defense against pathogens, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have attracted increasing attention due to their vital roles in infectious inflammation in the past few years. Interestingly, NETs also play important roles in noninfectious conditions, such as rheumatism and cancer. The process of NETs formation can be regulated and the form of cell death accompanied by the formation of NETs is regarded as “NETosis”. A large amount of evidence has confirmed that many stimuli can facilitate the release of NETs from neutrophils. Furthermore, it has been illustrated that NETs promote tumor growth and progression via many molecular pathways. Meanwhile, NETs also can promote metastasis in many kinds of cancers based on multiple studies. In addition, some researchs have found that NETs can promote coagulation and cancer-associated thrombosis. In the present review, it will highlight how NETosis, which is stimulated by various stimuli and signaling pathways, affects cancer biological behaviors via NETs. Given their crucial roles in cancer, NETs will become possible therapeutic targets for inhibiting proliferation, metastasis and thrombosis in cancer patients.

scholarly journals Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Mediate a Host Defense Response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Saitoh ◽  
Jun Komano ◽  
Yasunori Saitoh ◽  
Takuma Misawa ◽  
Michihiro Takahama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Host Defense Response ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

scholarly journals Neutrophils and NETs in modulating acute and chronic inflammation

Blood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (20) ◽  
pp. 2178-2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda V. S. Castanheira ◽  
Paul Kubes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Innate Immune System ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation

Abstract Neutrophils are an absolutely essential part of the innate immune system, playing an essential role in the control of infectious diseases but more recently are also being viewed as important players in tissue repair. Neutrophils are able to counteract an infection through phagocytosis and/or the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). By contrast, neutrophils help repair damaged tissues, limiting NET production but still phagocytosing debris. However, when inflammation is recurrent, or the inciting agent persists, neutrophils through a frustrated inability to resolve the problem can release NETs to exacerbate tissue damage during inappropriate inflammation. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of NET formation, as well as the apparent paradoxical role of neutrophils and NETs in host defense, chronic inflammation, and tissue disrepair.

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