scholarly journals Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Regulate Immune Responses in Health and Disease

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Shrikant R. Mulay ◽  
Hans-Joachim Anders
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Health And Disease

Neutrophils are first responders of antimicrobial host defense and sterile inflammation, and therefore, play important roles during health and disease [...]

scholarly journals Nanomaterial Exposure Induced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: A New Target in Inflammation and Innate Immunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Yang ◽  
Tony N. Marion ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Lingshu Zhang ◽  
Xue Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Myeloid Cell ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Relationship

Nanotechnology has become a novel subject with impact in many research and technology areas. Nanoparticles (NPs), as a key component in nanotechnology, are widely used in many areas such as optical, magnetic, electrical, and mechanical engineering. The biomedical and pharmaceutical industries have embraced NPs as a viable drug delivery modality. As such, the potential for NP-induced cytotoxicity has emerged as a major concern for NP drug delivery systems. Thus, it is important to understand how NPs affect the innate immune system. As the most abundant myeloid cell type in innate immune responses, neutrophils are critical for concerns about potentially toxic side effects of NPs. When activated by innate immune stimuli, neutrophils may initiate NETosis to release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Herein, we have reviewed the relationship between NPs and the induction of NETosis and release of NETs.

Neutrophil extracellular traps target senescent vasculature for tissue remodeling in retinopathy

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6506) ◽  
pp. eaay5356
Author(s):  
François Binet ◽  
Gael Cagnone ◽  
Sergio Crespo-Garcia ◽  
Masayuki Hata ◽  
Mathieu Neault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Retinal Blood Vessels ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

In developed countries, the leading causes of blindness such as diabetic retinopathy are characterized by disorganized vasculature that can become fibrotic. Although many such pathological vessels often naturally regress and spare sight-threatening complications, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we used orthogonal approaches in human patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a mouse model of ischemic retinopathies to identify an unconventional role for neutrophils in vascular remodeling during late-stage sterile inflammation. Senescent vasculature released a secretome that attracted neutrophils and triggered the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs ultimately cleared diseased endothelial cells and remodeled unhealthy vessels. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NETosis prevented the regression of senescent vessels and prolonged disease. Thus, clearance of senescent retinal blood vessels leads to reparative vascular remodeling.

scholarly journals Neutrophil extracellular traps in the host defense against sepsis induced by Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna K de Jong ◽  
Gavin CKW Koh ◽  
Ahmed Achouiti ◽  
Anne J van der Meer ◽  
Ingrid Bulder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Extracellular Traps

scholarly journals Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Amniotic Cavity of Women with Intra-Amniotic Infection: A New Mechanism of Host Defense

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1139-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nardhy Gomez-Lopez ◽  
Roberto Romero ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Derek Miller ◽  
Ronald Unkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Amniotic Cavity ◽  
Extracellular Traps

scholarly journals Netome: The Molecular Characterization of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Scieszka ◽  
Yi-Han Lin ◽  
Weizhong Li ◽  
Saibyasachi Choudhury ◽  
Yanbao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Sterile Inflammation ◽  
Extracellular Milieu ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Genomics And Proteomics

AbstractNeutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cells in humans with biological roles relevant to inflammation and fighting infections. The release of neutrophil extracellular DNA aims to control invasion by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and tissue damage. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) act as antimicrobial agents triggering immune signaling through the release of the nuclear content into the extracellular space. Although intense investigations have elucidated the pathways preceding NET formation, the exact molecular composition of released NETs has not been mapped. We aimed to decode the sequences of DNA and proteins from NETs. With emerging needs to understand neutrophil functions precisely, we open the field of NETOMIC studies through isolation of NETs in combination with omics approaches including shotgun genomics and proteomics. Our in vitro NET isolation methodology allowed for unprecedented replicability with induction in a sterile inflammation model system. Enrichment of mitochondrial DNA and telomere sequences are significantly expressed in NET genomes. This study revealed that the genomic sequence released in the extracellular milieu is not stochastically serving as a scaffold for a repertoire of proteins involved in neutrophil protective functions. Collectively, we established the gene and protein signatures exclusive to the extracellular NETs in comparison to undifferentiated and differentiated neutrophil states, further guiding future detection of specific regions needed for diagnostics and targeted therapies of NET related conditions.

scholarly journals Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Host Defense

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. a037028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Sofia Burgener ◽  
Kate Schroder
Keyword(s):  
Host Defense ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Extracellular Traps

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and the role of platelets in infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Andrews ◽  
Jane Arthur ◽  
Elizabeth Gardiner
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
Tumour Metastasis ◽  
Activated Neutrophils ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

SummaryIn addition to playing a central role in normal haemostasis, platelets make important contributions to host inflammatory and immune responses to injury or infection. Under pathophysiological conditions where platelet function is not tightly controlled, platelets also play critical roles in pathogenic processes underlying cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled inflammation, coagulopathy and in tumour metastasis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are webs of histone-modified nuclear material extruded from activated neutrophils during inflammatory responses and these degranulation events can be directly triggered by platelet/neutrophil engagement. Emerging research describes how NETs influence platelet function, particularly in the setting of infection and inflammation. Especially intriguing is the potential for platelet-driven coagulation to be modulated by NETs in plasma and interstitial spaces. These findings also reveal new perspectives related to improved therapy for venous thrombosis.

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