scholarly journals Low Molecular Weight Heparin Improves the Inflammatory State of Acute Sinusitis Rats Through Inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB Signaling Pathway

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Wu ◽  
Sihan He ◽  
Zan Jiao ◽  
Xiang Liang ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Acute Sinusitis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Inflammatory Effect ◽  
Respiratory Tract Inflammation

Introduction: Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), a natural sulfated glycosaminoglycan with an affinity for proangiogenic factors, is produced by chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of unfractionated heparin (UFH). Known for its anticoagulant effects, LMWH has recently been reported to have a strong anti-inflammatory effect on colitis, myocarditis, and airway inflammation. However, as a newly-developed drug, its anti-inflammatory mechanism in upper respiratory tract inflammation has not been well-studied.Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group was established by building an acute nasal sinusitis model with expansion sponges mixed with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Then the experimental group rats were subcutaneously injected with different concentrations of LMWH. After seven consecutive days of injection, some rats were sacrificed, and blood and nasal mucosa samples were taken to determine their inflammation status. The remaining acute sinusitis rats were randomly selected for a week of nasal irrigation with normal saline or saline mixed with different concentrations of LMWH. One week later, rats were sacrificed, and samples of blood and nasal mucosa were taken to determine the inflammation status.Results: Rat nasal mucosa in the model group had obvious inflammation. The degree of nasal mucosa inflammation damage in the experimental group was lower than in the experimental control group, proving that LMWH has a protective effect on the nasal mucosa and that the effect correlates with dosage. Irrigation of the nose with saline mixed with LMWH can improve the anti-inflammatory effect. Protein related to the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in the acute sinusitis rat model, and LMWH can significantly inhibit its expression.Conclusion: This is the first report of the anti-inflammatory effect of LMWH in acute upper respiratory tract inflammation, together with an explanation of its anti-inflammatory mechanism. The findings contribute a theoretical basis for its potential anti-tumor effect.

Local application of combined natural essential oils for pain relief after elective throat surgery in the early postoperative period

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
M. Ronis ◽  
◽  
D. Katovich ◽  
G. Sumeraga ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Tonsillectomy, cryptolysis of the palatine tonsils, and removal of various formations in the pharyngeal region are the most common elective operations in otorhinolaryngology. Pain in the early postoperative period is still the most frequent complication after these procedures, which can adversely affect the patient’s daily life. Considering the potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of essential oil preparations, as well as their ability to be easily applied locally to the affected mucosal surface, it is worth considering their use to reduce pain and dysphagia in the postoperative period in the upper respiratory tract. The study involved 77 patients who were randomly divided into 2 groups: patients taking a drug containing combined natural essential oils (CNEO) and patients taking a placebo. In the course of the study, a questionnaire was used, according to which patients were interviewed immediately after the operation, then on the 3rd and 10th postoperative days. The results of the study show that the drug does not directly reduce postoperative pain in the pharynx, but in patients in the group with the drug based on combined essential oils, the frequency of taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was less than in patients in the placebo group, which indirectly proves the effectiveness of the drug based on combined essential oils. Given the fact that the frequency of NSAID use is lower in the CPNEM group, it can be assumed that the study drug reduces the risk of side effects caused by NSAID use, and can also be an alternative method of pain relief for patients who are contraindicated in NSAIDs.

scholarly journals New possibilities of elimination-irrigation therapy drugs during the seasonal rise in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infections and influenza

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Radtsig
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Minerals And Trace Elements ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Various methods and variants of nasal cavity irrigation are one of the most ancient in the treatment and prevention of diseases of the upper respiratory tract. When choosing a remedy for elimination and irrigation therapy, preference is given to preparations based on sea water, containing in its composition minerals and trace elements that cause additional therapeutic effect. A new direction in this type of therapy is the use of drugs containing fucoidans (obtained from brown algae extract). Their immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory effect can improve the effectiveness of elimination and irrigation therapy in symptomatic treatment of ARVI / influenza and their complications (sinusitis, adenoiditis).

scholarly journals Signs and Symptoms That Differentiate Acute Sinusitis From Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1061-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Shaikh ◽  
Alejandro Hoberman ◽  
Diana H. Kearney ◽  
D. Kathleen Colborn ◽  
Marcia Kurs-Lasky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Acute Sinusitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofCuscuta chinensisSeeds in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (01) ◽  
pp. 223-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Chun Liao ◽  
Wen-Te Chang ◽  
Meng-Shiou Lee ◽  
Yung-Jia Chiu ◽  
Wei-Kai Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Cuscuta Chinensis ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

The seeds of Cuscuta chinensis, Cuscutae Semen, are commonly used as a medicinal material for treating the aching and weakness of the loins and knees, tonifying the defects of the liver and the kidney, and treating the diarrhea due to hypofunction of the kidney and the spleen. Since aching and inflammation are highly correlated with such diseases, the aim of this study is to investigate the possible antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the seeds of C. chinensis. The antinociceptive effect of the seeds of C. chinensis was evaluated via the acetic acid-induced writhing response and formalin-induced paw licking methods. The anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated via the λ-carrageenan induced mouse paw edema method. The results found that 100 and 500 mg/kg of the methanol extract of the seeds of C. chinensis( CCMeOH) significantly decreased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) the writhing response in the acetic acid assay. Additionally, 20–500 mg/kg of CCMeOHsignificantly decreased licking time at the early (20 and 100 mg/kg, p < 0.001) and late phases (100 mg/kg, p < 0.01; 500 mg/kg, p < 0.001) of the formalin test, respectively. Furthermore, CCMeOH(100 and 500 mg/kg) significantly decreased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively) edema paw volume four hours after λ-carrageenan had been injected. The results in the following study also revealed that the anti-inflammatory mechanism of CCMeOHmay be due to declined levels of NO and MDA in the edema paw by increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRd in the liver. In addition, CCMeOHalso decreased IL-1β, IL-6, NF-κB, TNF-α, and COX-2 levels. This is the first study to demonstrate the possible mechanisms for the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of CCMeOHin vivo. Thus, it provides evidence for the treatment of Cuscutae Semen in inflammatory diseases.

Effects of Photochemical Air Pollution and Allergen Exposure on Upper Respiratory Tract Inflammation in Asthmatics

1997 ◽  
Vol 156 (6) ◽  
pp. 1765-1772 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. N. HILTERMANN ◽  
C. R. de BRUIJNE ◽  
J. STOLK ◽  
A. H. ZWINDERMAN ◽  
F. Th. M. SPIEKSMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Allergen Exposure ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Respiratory Tract Inflammation

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Incense Smoke from Agarwood Determined by GC-MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
De-Qian Peng ◽  
Zhang-Xin Yu ◽  
Can-Hong Wang ◽  
Bao Gong ◽  
Yang-Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Aquilaria Sinensis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Pleasant Odor ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Whole Tree ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Agarwood is generally used to make incense sticks in China and Southeast Asia. It emits smoke with a pleasant odor when burned. There are few reports on the chemical components of smoke generated by burning or heating agarwood. The agarwoods were produced by the whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique (AWIT), agarwood induced by axe wounds (AAW), burning-chisel-drilling agarwood (BCDA), wood of Aquilaria sinensis trees (AS), respectively. Herein, we used GC-MS to analyze the chemical constituents of incense smoke generated from AWIT, AAW, BCDA, AS, and the extracts of sticks from agarwood produced by the whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique (EAWIT), and 484 compounds were identified. A total of 61 chemical constituents were shared among AWIT, AAW, and BCDA. The experimental data showed that aromatic compounds were the main chemical constituents in agarwood smoke and that some chromone derivatives could be cracked into low-molecular-weight aromatic compounds (LACs) at high temperature. Furthermore, agarwood incense smoke showed anti-inflammatory activities by inhibiting lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced TNF-α and IL-1α release in RAW264.7 cells.

Protective role of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract in terms of local immunity

1926 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 750
Author(s):  
O. Vasil'yeva
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Prof. IP Voloshin (West. Rhinolaryngo-otiatry. 1925, No. 1), taking into account the well-known works of Bezredk on local immunity, finds that the protective role of the nasal mucosa and upper respiratory tract is reduced to the development of natural local immunity of these organs than the general immunity of the whole organism is acquired from all microorganisms inhabiting the mucous membrane of these pathways.

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