scholarly journals Light Localization and Principal Mode Propagation in Optical Fibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Nolan ◽  
Dan T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Fiber Communications ◽  
Principal Mode ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Light Localization ◽  
Growth Space

The capacity of optical fiber communications has grown exponentially since its implementation decades ago. Optical fiber amplifiers, wavelength division multiplexing, and coherent communications have all enabled discontinuous growth. Space division multiplexing is proposed as the next discontinuity. Here tens of modes rather than a single mode are utilized in the transmission. Random scattering due to index fluctuations within the optical fiber cause coupling among the modal channels thereby degrading signal transmission. Principal mode transmission overcomes this limitation. Here a set of modes arrive localized at the fiber output unscattered. We review this methodology as it relates to optical communication capacity, but also as it relates to light localization. We also review the characterization of these modes both theoretically and experimentally.

scholarly journals A Survey of Optical Fiber Communications: Challenges and Processing Time Influences

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Fairoz Q. Kareem ◽  
Subhi R. M. Zeebaree ◽  
Hivi Ismat Dino ◽  
Mohammed A. M.Sadeeq ◽  
Zryan Najat Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Optical Fiber Communications ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Multiple Wavelengths ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Fiber Communications ◽  
Optic Communication

Optical fibers are utilized widely for data transmission systems because of their capacity to carry extensive information and dielectric nature. Network architectures utilizing multiple wavelengths per optical fiber are used in central, metropolitan, or broad‐area applications to link thousands of users with a vast range of transmission speeds and capacities. A powerful feature of an optical communication link is sending several wavelengths through the 1300‐to‐1600‐ nm range of a fibre simultaneously. The technology of integrating several wavelengths onto a similar fiber is called wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). The principle of WDM utilized in concurrence with optical amplifiers has an outcome in communication links that permit rapid communications among users in the world's countries. This paper presents an overview of the challenges of fibre optic communication. This paper offers an outline of the areas to be the most relevant for the future advancement of optical communications. The invention of integrated optics and modern optical fibers takes place in the field of optical equipment and components.

scholarly journals Integrated five-port non-blocking optical router based on mode-selective property

Nanophotonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 853-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Jia ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Xin Fu ◽  
Jianfeng Ding ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Selective Property ◽  
Optical Router ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Spatial Modes ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Destination Port

AbstractIn this paper, we propose and demonstrate a five-port optical router based on mode-selective property. It utilizes different combinations of four spatial modes at input and output ports as labels to distinguish its 20 routing paths. It can direct signals from the source port to the destination port intelligently without power consumption and additional switching time to realize various path steering. The proposed architecture is constructed by asymmetric directional coupler based mode-multiplexers/de-multiplexers, multimode interference based waveguide crossings and single-mode interconnect waveguides. The broad optical bandwidths of these constituents make the device suitable to combine with wavelength division multiplexing signal transmission, which can effectively increase the data throughput. Measurement results show that the insertion loss of its 20 routing paths are lower than 8.5 dB and the optical signal-to-noise ratios are larger than 16.3 dB at 1525–1565 nm. To characterize its routing functionality, a 40-Gbps data transmission with bit-error-rate (BER) measurement is implemented. The power penalties for the error-free switching (BER<10−9) are 1.0 dB and 0.8 dB at 1545 nm and 1565 nm, respectively.

scholarly journals An Architecture Based on FDDC between any two ONUs for Optical Access Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Zhu ◽  
Chaoqin Gan ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
Guiyu Gong
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Networks ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Full Duplex ◽  
Optical Access ◽  
Optical Access Network ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Distributed Optical Fiber

Abstract A novel architecture with full-duplex direct communications(FDDC) between any two ONUs for optical access network is proposed in this paper. By designing combination switch(CS) ingeniously, the architecture is finished to realize FDDC between any two ONUs in wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks(WDM-PONs). By utilizing interconnected optical fibers between ONUs, the network has achieved three-level protections(feeder optical fiber protection, distributed optical fiber protection and interconnected optical fiber protection). By constructing expansion module(EM), the network can be flexibly expanded and optimized, and the CapEx and OpEx of network can be greatly reduced. Finally, by the simulation and analysis, the effectiveness of the proposed architecture is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Study of Microbending Loss Single Mode Optic Fiber in Sand Powder Against Pressure

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Bambang Widiyatmoko ◽  
Mefina Y. Rofianingrum
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Pressure ◽  
Optical Attenuation ◽  
Load Sensor

Research has been carried out to further investigate specifically the effect of sand powder, both the size of the sand grains and the thickness of the sand powder on the photodetector output as an advanced study of the single-mode optical fiber microbending loss theory in sand grains to pressure. This was done to investigate the response of optical fibers due to microbending loss to the load and determine the size of the sand particles that are most effectively used as a compiler of load sensors. The principle works to test the response of load sensors based on single-mode fiber optic microbending loss in the form of photodetector output when given a large variety of pressure. The method used in this research is to observe the reduction in the intensity of the light transmitted through optical fibers in the form of a voltage drop that is read by MMD that is connected to the photodetector. The reduced light intensity shows that the load sensor experiences optical attenuation of the laser as a light source with a wavelength of 1550 nm and a power of 1.47 mW. Microbending loss is caused by mechanical pressure that can change the direction of optical signal transmission and the radius of the curve is equal to or less than the diameter of a bare optical fiber. Observations were made using 12 load sensors with variations in the size of the sand grains in each diameter of the hose. The results of this study obtained the size of the most effective grains of sand providing microscopic curvature in the optical fiber that is 0.05 mm in terms of the correlation between the response of sensors with various diameters to changes in pressure.

scholarly journals ANALISIS REDAMANTERHADAP PERFORMANCEDENSE WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (DWDM)PADA SISTEM KOMUNIKASI SERAT OPTIKDENGAN METODE LINK POWER BUDGET DI PT. TELKOM PADANG (STUDI KASUS LINK PADANG – LUBUK BASUNG)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farta Wendy Herdianta ◽  
Hanesman Hanesman ◽  
Delsina Faiza
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Fiber Communication ◽  
Power Budget ◽  
Fiber Communication ◽  
The Core

The research was conducted by analyzing the optical fiber attenuation of the DWDM performance in terms of power received on optical fiber communication systems link Padang-Lubuk cone in PT. Telkom Padang. Optical fiber has a very small damping. Therefore optical fibers become the primary choice in telecommunications networks. To improve the transmission quality is better then the use of DWDM technology, DWDM technology is a method to insert a number of channels were transmitted in a single optical fiber. Instruments in this study is the Power Meter and OTDR JDSU MTS-2000 type, the type of cable used G.655 Single Mode type. Link Power Budget method is used to determine the performance of DWDM caused by attenuation based on the value of the received power output receiver. On the link Padang - Lubuk cone highest attenuation occurs in core 1 of 29.742dB with 100.035 km cable lengths, and the core 10 of 31.8 dB with 119.998 km cablelengths. Based on the large fault or attenuation/km core 1 of 0.297 dB/km, the core 10 of 0.265 dB/km and the standard ITU-T was 0.35 dB/km. Value attenuation/km core 1 and core 10 is still in normal conditions and under standard ITU-T 0.35 dB/km. Based on optical fiber attenuation, the results of analysis of the link power budget is the value of Rx is smaller than the value of Rx sensitivity of -27 dBm, it can be said performance DWDM optical fiber communication systems in normal and can be used to operate because the power output can still be accepted by receiver in the device. Keywords:optical fiber cable, optical fiber attenuation, DWDM, link power budget.

scholarly journals Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing using Dispersion Fibre with Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Signal ◽  
Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Erbium Doped

Dense wavelength division multiplexing is used in various broadband communications. It combines information from distinct sources on an optical fiber, each signal being transmitted simultaneously on its own distinct light wavelength. Radio over fibre is a hybrid system that has both fibre optic link and free space radio path. This paper aims to evaluate the performance of the system using Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier, Single Mode Fibre and Dispersion compensating Fibre. Single beam of light is passed by the SMF and is used for long distance signal transmission. DCF is used to reduce the dispersion in the optical signal. EDFA reduces the degradation of the signal by cancelling the effect of attenuation. It is an optical repeater used to raise the intensity of the optical signal. Mach – Zehnder modulator is used for the modulation. The simulation is carried out by using optisystem software version 15.0. Various parameters like Q-factor, BER pattern, threshold, minimum BER are compared and estimated.

scholarly journals Physical Layer Components Security Risks in Optical Fiber Infrastructures

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 588
Author(s):  
Vladimir Spurny ◽  
Petr Munster ◽  
Adrian Tomasov ◽  
Tomas Horvath ◽  
Edvin Skaljo
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Optical Fiber Communications ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Risk Minimization ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Optical Distribution

Optical fiber communications are essential for all types of long- and short-distance transmissions. The aim of this paper is to analyze the previously presented security risks and, based on measurements, provide the risk level evaluation. The major risk is the possibility of inserting a splitter into the optical distribution network and capturing a portion of the entire spectrum, i.e., all channels in the optical fiber. Another significant security risk is crosstalk on multiplexers in networks with wavelength division multiplexing. The paper covers the macrobend attenuation evaluation of fiber and back-reflection measurements. Based on the measurements, risks were evaluated for both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint networks and, lastly, the paper covers crosstalk measurements of an optomechanical switch. Finally, all individual risks are evaluated according to the severity, and a proposal for risk minimization is provided.

scholarly journals Peta-bit-per-second optical communications system using a standard cladding diameter 15-mode fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Rademacher ◽  
Benjamin J. Puttnam ◽  
Ruben S. Luís ◽  
Tobias A. Eriksson ◽  
Nicolas K. Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Capacity Limits ◽  
Wavelength Division ◽  
Core Networks ◽  
Space Division Multiplexing ◽  
Space Division ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Multi Mode

AbstractData rates in optical fiber networks have increased exponentially over the past decades and core-networks are expected to operate in the peta-bit-per-second regime by 2030. As current single-mode fiber-based transmission systems are reaching their capacity limits, space-division multiplexing has been investigated as a means to increase the per-fiber capacity. Of all space-division multiplexing fibers proposed to date, multi-mode fibers have the highest spatial channel density, as signals traveling in orthogonal fiber modes share the same fiber-core. By combining a high mode-count multi-mode fiber with wideband wavelength-division multiplexing, we report a peta-bit-per-second class transmission demonstration in multi-mode fibers. This was enabled by combining three key technologies: a wideband optical comb-based transmitter to generate highly spectral efficient 64-quadrature-amplitude modulated signals between 1528 nm and 1610 nm wavelength, a broadband mode-multiplexer, based on multi-plane light conversion, and a 15-mode multi-mode fiber with optimized transmission characteristics for wideband operation.

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