scholarly journals The Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Blood Pressure, Arterial Function, and Heart Rate Variability in Men Living With HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Pereira Barros ◽  
Tainah de Paula ◽  
Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano ◽  
Marcus Vinicius dos Santos Rangel ◽  
Walace Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Arterial Function ◽  
Living With Hiv

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the effects of acute cycling on blood pressure (BP), arterial function, and heart rate variability (HRV) in men living with HIV (MLHIV) using combined antiretroviral therapy (cART).MethodsTwelve MLHIV (48.7 ± 9.2 years; 25.2 ± 2.8 kg m–2) and 13 healthy controls (41.2 ± 9.9 years; 26.3 ± 2.9 kg m–2) performed a cycling bout (ES) (intensity: 50% oxygen uptake reserve; duration: time to achieve 150 kcal—MLHIV: 24.1 ± 5.5 vs. controls: 23.1 ± 3.0 min; p = 0.45), and a 20-min non-exercise session (NES).ResultsAt rest (p < 0.05), MLHIV presented higher brachial systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP: 123.2 ± 14.2/76.8 ± 6.3 vs. 114.3 ± 5.1/71.6 ± 2.6 mmHg) and central BP (cSBP/cDBP: 108.3 ± 9.3/76.5 ± 6.5 vs. 101.6 ± 4.9/71.3 ± 4.4 mmHg) vs. controls but lower absolute maximal oxygen uptake (2.1 ± 0.5 vs. 2.5 ± 0.3 L min–1) and HRV indices reflecting overall/vagal modulation (SDNN: 24.8 ± 7.1 vs. 42.9 ± 21.3 ms; rMSSD: 20.5 ± 8.5 vs. 38.1 ± 22.8 ms; pNN50: 3.6 ± 4.2 vs. 13.6 ± 11.3%). DBP postexercise lowered in controls vs. MLHIV (∼4 mmHg, p < 0.001; ES: 0.6). Moreover, controls vs. MLHIV had greater reductions (p < 0.05) in augmentation index (−13.6 ± 13.7 vs. −3.1 ± 7.2% min–1; ES: 2.4), and HRV indices up to 5 min (rMSSD: −111.8 ± 32.1 vs. −75.9 ± 22.2 ms min–1; ES: 3.8; pNN50: −76.3 ± 28.3 vs. −19.0 ± 13.7% min–1; ES: 4.4). Within-group (ES vs. NES; p < 0.05) reductions occurred in controls for SBP (∼10 mmHg, 2 h), DBP (∼6 mmHg, 20, 30, and 70 min), cSBP (∼9 mmHg, 30 min), cDBP (∼7 mmHg, 30 and 70 min), augmentation index (∼10%, 30 min), and pNN50 (∼20%; up to 2 h), while in MLHIV only cSBP (∼6 mmHg, 70 min) and cDBP (∼4 mmHg, 30 min) decreased. Similar increases (up to 5 min) in heart rate (∼22 bpm) and decreases in SDNN (∼18 ms) and rMSSD (∼20 ms) occurred in both groups.ConclusionMLHIV under cART exhibited attenuated postexercise hypotension vs. healthy controls, which seemed to relate with impairments in vascular function.

Cardiovascular and metabolic responses to passive hypoxic conditioning in overweight and mildly obese individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (2) ◽  
pp. R211-R222
Author(s):  
Samarmar Chacaroun ◽  
Anna Borowik ◽  
Stephane Doutreleau ◽  
Elise Belaidi ◽  
Bernard Wuyam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Nitric Oxide Metabolites

Although severe intermittent hypoxia (IH) is well known to induce deleterious cardiometabolic consequences, moderate IH may induce positive effects in obese individuals. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of two hypoxic conditioning programs on cardiovascular and metabolic health status of overweight or obese individuals. In this randomized single-blind controlled study, 35 subjects (54 ± 9.3 yr, 31.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2) were randomized into three 8-wk interventions (three 1-h sessions per week): sustained hypoxia (SH), arterial oxygen saturation ([Formula: see text]) = 75%; IH, 5 min [Formula: see text] = 75% – 3 min normoxia; normoxia. Ventilation, heart rate, blood pressure, and tissue oxygenation were measured during the first and last hypoxic conditioning sessions. Vascular function, blood glucose and insulin, lipid profile, nitric oxide metabolites, and oxidative stress were evaluated before and after the interventions. Both SH and IH increased ventilation in hypoxia (+1.8 ± 2.1 and +2.3 ± 3.6 L/min, respectively; P < 0.05) and reduced normoxic diastolic blood pressure (−12 ± 15 and −13 ± 10 mmHg, respectively; P < 0.05), whereas changes in normoxic systolic blood pressure were not significant (+3 ± 9 and −6 ± 13 mmHg, respectively; P > 0.05). IH only reduced heart rate variability (e.g., root-mean-square difference of successive normal R-R intervals in normoxia −21 ± 35%; P < 0.05). Both SH and IH induced no significant change in body mass index, vascular function, blood glucose, insulin and lipid profile, nitric oxide metabolites, or oxidative stress, except for an increase in superoxide dismutase activity following SH. This study indicates that passive hypoxic conditioning in obese individuals induces some positive cardiovascular and respiratory improvements despite no change in anthropometric data and even a reduction in heart rate variability during IH exposure.

Effects of Isometric Biceps Exercise on Blood Pressure in Adults with Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Medeiros Silva ◽  
Leandro Campos de Brito ◽  
Ludmila Lucena Pereira Cabral ◽  
Luiz Fernando Farias-Junior ◽  
Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Effect ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Control Session ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Resting Blood Pressure

AbstractWe investigated the acute effects of isometric biceps exercise on resting and ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive adults. A total of 12 medicated hypertensive adults (aged 47±7 years; body mass index 27.2±2.7 kg/m2; resting blood pressure 123±12/74±6 mmHg) performed an isometric biceps exercise session (bilateral biceps exercise; 4×1 min at 30% of 1-RM, 2 min recovery) and a control session (without exercise) in a randomized order separated by a 7 to 10-day period. Resting blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability indexes (SDNN, RMSSD, LF, HF, and LF/HF) were measured pre- and up to 30 min post-sessions. Next, ambulatory blood pressure was monitored during 22-hour post-sessions (awake and asleep periods). No significant changes were observed for resting blood pressure, heart rate, or heart rate variability indexes up to 30 min post-sessions (p>0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in average ambulatory blood pressure values in 22-hour (126±11/71±6 mmHg vs. 126±15/71±9 mmHg), awake (127±10/74±6 mmHg vs. 130±14/75±10 mmHg), and asleep (123±15/68±6 mmHg vs. 120±17/66±9 mmHg) periods between the control and isometric sessions, respectively (p>0.05). In conclusion, an isometric biceps exercise session does not elicit an acute antihypertensive effect in adults with hypertension, which suggests that its prescription to improve the acute BP control is limited.

Short-term blood pressure and heart rate variability in congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (Ondine's curse)

2005 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha TRANG ◽  
Arlette GIRARD ◽  
Dominique LAUDE ◽  
Jean-Luc ELGHOZI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ondine’S Curse ◽  
Central Hypoventilation ◽  
Hypoventilation Syndrome ◽  
Ondine's Curse

The effect of CCHS (congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, or Ondine's curse) on short-term BP (blood pressure) and HR (heart rate) variability was evaluated in 16-year-old subjects presenting a form of CCHS requiring night ventilatory assistance. The 12 patients were compared with 12 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Recordings were obtained during daytime while the subjects were breathing spontaneously. Continuous BP was measured with a Finapres® device in the supine, head-up tilt and standing positions. The manoeuvre of actively standing was also analysed. HR levels were elevated in CCHS subjects at supine rest (+23%) with a reduced HR overall variability (−88%). The low- and high-frequency components of HR variability were affected. BP levels were preserved at rest, but the manoeuvres demonstrated a limited capacity to elevate BP. There was no overshoot in BP during the manoeuvre of actively standing, and steady standing BP levels in patients were not higher than supine BP levels as usually observed in healthy controls. The spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity estimated using the sequence technique or the cross-spectral analysis fell in the patients to approx. one-third of the sensitivity estimated in the healthy controls whatever the position. This cardiovascular profile suggests a predominant vagal dysfunction with signs of vagal withdrawal and baroreflex failure, and relative preservation of the cardiac and vascular sympathetic function. It is likely that the impaired ontogeny of the visceral reflexes, considered now to cause CCHS syndrome, includes the baroreceptive pathway and mainly its vagal component.

Interval and continuous exercise elicit equivalent postexercise hypotension in prehypertensive men, despite differences in regulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn P. Lacombe ◽  
Jack M. Goodman ◽  
Carly M. Spragg ◽  
Sam Liu ◽  
Scott G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Control Session ◽  
Continuous Exercise ◽  
Postexercise Hypotension

Equicaloric bouts of interval (IE: 5 × 2:2 min at 85% and 40% maximal oxygen uptake) and steady state (SS: 21 min at 60% maximal oxygen uptake) exercise were performed by 13 older prehypertensive males on separate days, at equivalent times of day, to assess the influence of exercise mode on postexercise hypotension (PEH). Exercise conditions were compared with a control session. Cardiovascular measures were collected for 30 min prior to, and 60 min following exercise. PEH, as measured by mean postexercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) decrease (IE: –4 ± 6 mm Hg; SS: –3 ± 4 mm Hg; control: 4 ± 4 mm Hg), area under the SBP curve (IE: –240 ± 353 mm Hg·min; SS: –192 ± 244 mm Hg·min), and minimum SBP achieved (IE: –15 ± 7 mm Hg; SS: –13 ± 7 mm Hg), was equivalent after both conditions. Stroke volume was significantly reduced (IE: –14.6 ± 16.0 mL; SS: –10.1 ± 14.2 mL, control –1.7 ± 2.2 mL) and heart rate was significantly elevated (IE: 13 ± 8 beats·min–1; SS: 7.9 ± 8 beats·min–1; control: –2 ± 3 beats·min–1) postexercise after both conditions. Cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were nonsignificantly decreased and increased postexercise, respectively. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was reduced following IE (p < 0.05) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were reduced after both conditions, with IE eliciting larger and longer reductions in some indices. The results from the current study indicate that older prehypertensive adults experience similar PEH following equicaloric bouts of IE and SS exercise despite larger alterations in HRV and BRS elicited by IE.

scholarly journals Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Post Exercise Blood Pressure from Manipulating Load Intensities of Resistance-Training

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Behzad Alemi ◽  
Lian-Yee Kok ◽  
Hui-Yin Ler ◽  
Chen-Soon Chee
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Experimental Session ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Training Programmes

Background: The isolated effect of resistance training (RT) on heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) is crucial when prescribing suitable training programmes for healthy individuals. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare BP and HRV responses in physically active men after an acute RT session with loads of 5-, 10- or 15-repetition maximums (5RM, 10RM and 15RM). Method: Eighty-one men (age: 21.6±1.1yr; body mass: 74.1±5.8 kg; height: 175.3 ±7.1cm) who performed moderate to vigorous physical activities for at least 30 min a day on most days of the week participated in this study. After the of 5RM loads for the bent-over row (BR), bench press (BEP), Dead-lift (DL) and squats (SQ), participants were divided into three training load groups (15RM = GrpL, 10RM = GrpM or 5RM = GrpH). During the experimental session, each group (n=27) performed 3 sets for each of the four exercise, with 2-min rest intervals between sets and exercises with their assigned training load. BP and HRV were measured prior to, immediately after, and at 15-min intervals until two hours post-experiment. Results: All three groups attained improved BP (p = .001) reductions and longer HRV (p = .0001) changes after an acute exercise session but the GrpM (10RM) and and GrpL (15RM) performed better than GrpH (5RM). Conclusion: Strength and conditioning professionals may prescribe exercises with 10-15RM loads if the aim is to obtain an acute reduction in BP after an RT session.

scholarly journals Parathyroid hormone may play a role in the pathophysiology of primary hypertension

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasse Oinonen ◽  
Antti Tikkakoski ◽  
Jenni Koskela ◽  
Arttu Eräranta ◽  
Mika Kähönen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Systemic Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Regression Analyses

Parathyroid hormone has been related with the risk of hypertension, but the matter remains controversial. We examined the association of parathyroid hormone with central blood pressure and its determinants in 622 normotensive or never-treated hypertensive subjects aged 19-72 years without diabetes, cardiovascular or renal disease, or cardiovascular medications. The methods were whole-body impedance cardiography and analyses of pulse wave and heart rate variability. Cardiovascular function was examined in sex-specific tertiles of plasma parathyroid hormone (mean concentrations 3.0, 4.3 and 6.5 pmol/l, respectively) during head-up tilt. Explanatory factors for haemodynamics were further investigated using linear regression analyses. Mean age was 45.0 (SD 11.7) years, body mass index 26.8 (4.4) kg/m2, seated office blood pressure 141/90 (21/12) mmHg, and 309 subjects (49.7%) were male. Only five participants had elevated plasma parathyroid hormone and calcium concentrations. Highest tertile of parathyroid hormone presented with higher supine and upright aortic diastolic blood pressure (p<0.01) and augmentation index (p<0.01), and higher upright systemic vascular resistance (p<0.05) than the lowest tertile. The tertiles did not present with differences in pulse wave velocity, cardiac output, or measures of heart rate variability. In linear regression analyses, parathyroid hormone was an independent explanatory factor for aortic systolic (p=0.005) and diastolic (p=0.002) blood pressure, augmentation index (p=0.002), and systemic vascular resistance (p=0.031). To conclude, parathyroid hormone was directly related to central blood pressure, wave reflection, and systemic vascular resistance in subjects without cardiovascular comorbidities and medications. Thus, parathyroid hormone may play a role in the pathophysiology of primary hypertension.

Blood Pressure Response to Muscle Metaboreflex Activation is Impaired in Men Living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Gama ◽  
Paulo Farinatti ◽  
Antonio Crisafulli ◽  
Juliana Borges
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Muscle Metaboreflex ◽  
Living With Hiv

AbstractWe investigated the muscle metaboreflex contribution to blood pressure response during dynamic handgrip exercise in men living with HIV (MLHIV) vs. without HIV (Controls). Pressor and heart rate responses were evaluated during metaboreflex activation through post-exercise muscle ischemia (PEMI) method and control exercise session (CER) in 17 MLHIV and 21 Controls. Protocols were performed randomly on the same day, being both sessions composed of 12 min, as follows: a) 3 min at rest, b) 3 min of dynamic handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction, c) 3 min of recovery post-exercise with vascular occlusion (occlusion only in PEMI), and d) 3 min of recovery post-exercise without vascular occlusion. To assess metaboreflex response, differences between PEMI and CER in recovery post-exercise were calculated for blood pressure and heart rate. Systolic and mean blood pressure (P<0.01) were superior in the last 2 min of recovery with vascular occlusion at PEMI in relation to CER for both groups. No difference was found between groups for blood pressure and heart rate (P>0.05). However, metaboreflex response for systolic blood pressure was lower in MLHIV vs. Controls (4.05±4.63 vs. 7.61±3.99 mmHg; P=0.01). In conclusion, pressor response during metaboreceptor stimulation was attenuated in men living with HIV, which may suggest loss of muscle metaboreflex sensibility.

Heart Rate Variability, Emotions, and Music

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Riganello ◽  
A. Candelieri ◽  
M. Quintieri ◽  
G. Dolce
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Emotional Value

The purpose of the study was to identify significant changes in heart rate variability (an emerging descriptor of emotional conditions; HRV) concomitant to complex auditory stimuli with emotional value (music). In healthy controls, traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients, and subjects in the vegetative state (VS) the heart beat was continuously recorded while the subjects were passively listening to each of four music samples of different authorship. The heart rate (parametric and nonparametric) frequency spectra were computed and the spectra descriptors were processed by data-mining procedures. Data-mining sorted the nu_lf (normalized parameter unit of the spectrum low frequency range) as the significant descriptor by which the healthy controls, TBI patients, and VS subjects’ HRV responses to music could be clustered in classes matching those defined by the controls and TBI patients’ subjective reports. These findings promote the potential for HRV to reflect complex emotional stimuli and suggest that residual emotional reactions continue to occur in VS. HRV descriptors and data-mining appear applicable in brain function research in the absence of consciousness.

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