THE EFFECT OF ISOMETRIC EXERCISE ON BLOOD PRESSURE REDUCTION IN HYPERTENSION: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Background: Hypertension is a major factor contributing to cardiovascular disease, which is the number one cause of death globally. Basic Health Research Indonesian Ministry of Health data for 2018 showed that hypertension in East Java Province increased in 2018 by 36.32. So, the authors want to know the effect of isometrics on reducing blood pressure. Objective: The authors want to know the effect of isometrics on reducing blood pressure. Design: This study design is a systematic review to search and review article from database and the theory underlying this study or guidance in this systematic literature review using PRISMA. Data Sources: Based on the results of the literature search through six databases, such as EBSCO, Springer, MedPub, Elsevier, Science Direct, and National Nursing Journal with keywords: Hypertension, High Blood Pressure, Resting Blood Pressure, Isometric Training, Isometric Exercise. The data was search since June 2020. Review Methods: The method used in the preparation of the Literature review using the PRISMA checklist and PICOS. Secondary data obtained from the journal with a predetermined discussion. Results: Based on 18 articles in the literature review, it can be concluded that the results for the research is Isometric exercises that are performed are very effective in reducing blood pressure. Conclusion: Isometric exercises that are performed are very effective in reducing blood pressure. The exercise is doing in 3-4 weeks with 4x2 minutes of exercise with a rest duration of 3 minutes.

Comparison of different types of exercise training on resting blood pressure in 30-45 years old adults: a randomised controlled trial

Hypertension is the most metastasizing non-communicable disease, which has affected more than 1.4 billion people, worldwide. Exercise is the core management strategy for hypertensive individuals. Extensive literature is available for each kind of exercise that is isometric hand grip training (IHGT), resistance training (RT), and aerobic training (AT). However, the comparison between these exercise regimens has not been done in a single trial. The trial was conducted on 126 subjects in Hisar, an urban area of Haryana (INDIA), from July 2017 to December 2018. Subjects were randomly assigned to four groups: control (n=33), IHGT (n=32), RT (n=31), and AT (n=30). Study variables were measured at baseline, 2nd week, 4th week, 6th week, and also after the 8th week of intervention. Experimental groups showed significant reduction in all the components of blood pressure in comparison to control group. The RT group showed maximum reduction in blood pressure in comparison to other regimens (systolic blood pressure: RT > IHGT > AT; diastolic blood pressure: RT > AT > IHGT). However, the difference between the groups is not statistically significant (P>0.05). The study findings reveal that different kind of exercise regimens are equally effective in lowering blood pressure among pre hypertensive and stage 1 hypertension adults.

Estimation of resting blood pressure using facial thermal images by separating acute stress variations

The increasing number of people with hypertension worldwide has become a matter of grave concern. Blood pressure monitoring using a non-contact measurement technique is expected to detect and control this medical condition. Previous studies have estimated blood pressure variations following an acute stress response based on facial thermal images obtained from infrared thermography devices. However, a non-contact resting blood pressure estimation method is required because blood pressure is generally measured in the resting state without inducing acute stress. Day-long blood pressure variations include short-term variations due to acute stress and long-term variations in circadian rhythms. The aim of this study is to estimate resting blood pressure from facial thermal images by separating and excluding short-term variations related to acute stress. To achieve this, short-term blood pressure variations components related to acute stress on facial thermal images were separated using independent component analysis. Resting blood pressure was estimated with the extracted independent components excluding the short-term components using multiple regression analysis. The results show that the proposed approach can accurately estimate resting blood pressure from facial thermal images, with a 9.90 mmHg root mean square error. In addition, features related to resting blood pressure were represented in the nose, lip, and cheek regions.

Abstract P194: Voluntary Exercise Eliminates Maternal Gestational Hypertension-induced Hypertensive Response Sensitization (htrs) In Post-weaning High Fat Diet Fed Male Adult Offspring

Exercise has profound effects on cardiovascular function and metabolism in both physiological and pathophysiological states. Our previous studies demonstrated that maternal gestational hypertension (MGHT) induces hypertensive response sensitization (HTRS) elicited by post-weaning high fat diet (HFD) in male offspring. The present study tested whether voluntary exercise would protect against MGHT-induced HTRS in HFD fed male offspring. Male offspring from both normotensive (NT) and MGHT dams were given access to either “blocked” (sedentary offspring) or functional running (exercised offspring) wheels for 10 weeks during normal fat diet (NFD) or HFD feeding. HFD feeding significantly increased resting blood pressure (BP) in sedentary offspring of both NT (112.3±0.7 to 119.9±1.2 mmHg, p<0.05) and MGHT (112.5±0.9 to 129.6±1.0 mmHg, p<0.05) dams, but the elevated BP induced by HFD was greater in sedentary offspring of MGHT dams (129.6±1.0 vs. 119.9±1.2 mmHg, p<0.05). The sedentary offspring of MGHT dams also displayed greater sympathetic tone and enhanced pressor responses to centrally administrated angiotensin (ANG) II or leptin. The running distance was comparable in four groups of exercise offspring (9.183±1.183, 9.192±1.677, 7.233±1.080, 8.482±1.455 kilometers/day, p>0.05). Voluntary exercise did not alter BP in NFD fed offspring and HFD fed offspring of NT dams, but it attenuated BP in HFD fed offspring of MGHT dams (129.6±1.0 to 121.1±0.8 mmHg, p<0.05) and body weight and heart rate in all offspring. Moreover, voluntary exercise significantly reduced sympathetic tone (Hexamethonium, ip, MAP Δ-50.6±1.0 to Δ-29.7±2.7 mmHg, p<0.05) and pressor responses to central ANG II and leptin in HFD fed offspring of both NT (ANG II: Δ16.0±0.9 to Δ7.5±1.1 mmHg; leptin: Δ11.8±0.6 to Δ5.4±0.9 mmHg, p<0.05) and MGHT (ANG II: Δ24.3±2.1 to Δ7.6±1.8 mmHg; leptin: Δ16.8±0.9 to Δ5.2±1.0 mmHg, p<0.05) dams and eliminated the differences in these responses between NFD fed offspring and HFD fed offspring. These results indicate that exercise training plays a beneficial role in preventing MGHT-induced HTRS and that this effect is associated with reduced brain reactivity to pressor stimuli and centrally driven sympathetic activity.