scholarly journals The Assessment of Autonomic Nervous System Activity Based on Photoplethysmography in Healthy Young Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Liu ◽  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Xiaohui Di ◽  
Xiaoni Wang ◽  
Lin Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Pulse Rate Variability ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

Noninvasive assessment of autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity is of great importance, but the accuracy of the method used, which is primarily based on electrocardiogram-derived heart rate variability (HRV), has long been suspected. We investigated the feasibility of photoplethysmography (PPG) in ANS evaluation. Data of 32 healthy young men under four different ANS activation patterns were recorded: baseline, slow deep breathing (parasympathetic activation), cold pressor test (peripheral sympathetic activation), and mental arithmetic test (cardiac sympathetic activation). We extracted 110 PPG-based features to construct classification models for the four ANS activation patterns. Using interpretable models based on random forest, the main PPG features related to ANS activation were obtained. Results showed that pulse rate variability (PRV) exhibited similar changes to HRV across the different experiments. The four ANS patterns could be better classified using more PPG-based features compared with using HRV or PRV features, for which the classification accuracies were 0.80, 0.56, and 0.57, respectively. Sensitive features of parasympathetic activation included features of nonlinear (sample entropy), frequency, and time domains of PRV. Sensitive features of sympathetic activation were features of the amplitude and frequency domain of PRV of the PPG derivatives. Subsequently, these sensitive PPG-based features were used to fit the improved HRV parameters. The fitting results were acceptable (p < 0.01), which might provide a better method of evaluating ANS activity using PPG.

scholarly journals Altered Autonomic Nervous System Reactivity to Pain in Trigeminal Neuralgia

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Léonard ◽  
Philippe Chalaye ◽  
Philippe Goffaux ◽  
David Mathieu ◽  
Isabelle Gaumond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
P Values ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

AbstractBackground: In the past two decades, there has been increasing evidence to suggest that trigeminal neuralgia (TN) may be linked to a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The aim of the present study was to formally test this hypothesis by comparing the reactivity of the ANS to experimental pain in a population of TN patients and healthy controls. Methods: Twelve patients diagnosed with classical TN and 12 healthy controls participated in the study. Cardiac activity was assessed while participants were instructed to rest and again during a cold pressor test (CPT). Heart rate variability analyses were performed off-line to obtain parasympathetic (high-frequency) and sympathetic (low-frequency) indices. Results: At baseline, ANS measures did not differ between healthy controls and TN patients, and both groups showed a similar increase in heart rate during the CPT (all p values >0.05). However, TN patients showed a greater increase in cardiac sympathetic activity and a greater decrease in cardiac parasympathetic activity during CPT compared with healthy controls (all p values <0.05). Importantly, changes in sympathetic reactivity, from baseline to CPT, were negatively associated with the number of pain paroxysms experienced each day by TN patients in the preceding week (r=−.58, p<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that TN, like many other short-lasting, unilateral facial pain conditions, is linked to ANS alterations. Future studies are required to determine if the altered ANS response observed in TN patients is a cause or a consequence of TN pain

scholarly journals Studies on the Raynaud's Phenomenon of Occupational Origin : II. The Function of the Autonomic Nervous System and the Cold Pressor Test

Sangyo Igaku ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Akira OKADA ◽  
Takamasa YAMASHITA ◽  
Akira KATSUTA ◽  
Minoru KASUYA ◽  
Teruo KITAZAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Raynaud’S Phenomenon ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Raynaud's Phenomenon ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Pressor Test

scholarly journals A method to quantify autonomic nervous system function in healthy, able-bodied individuals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubham Debnath ◽  
Todd J. Levy ◽  
Mayer Bellehsen ◽  
Rebecca M. Schwartz ◽  
Douglas P. Barnaby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Organ Systems

AbstractThe autonomic nervous system (ANS), which maintains physiological homeostasis in various organ systems via parasympathetic and sympathetic branches, is altered in common diffuse and focal conditions. Sensitive, quantitative biomarkers could detect changes in ANS function, first here in healthy participants and eventually in patients displaying dysautonomia. This framework combines controlled autonomic testing with feature extraction from physiological responses. Twenty-one individuals were assessed in two morning and two afternoon sessions over two weeks. Each session included five standard clinical tests probing autonomic function: squat test, cold pressor test, diving reflex test, deep breathing, and Valsalva maneuver. Noninvasive sensors captured continuous electrocardiography, blood pressure, breathing, electrodermal activity, and pupil diameter. Heart rate, heart rate variability, mean arterial pressure, electrodermal activity, and pupil diameter responses to the perturbations were extracted, and averages across participants were computed. A template matching algorithm calculated scaling and stretching features that optimally fit the average to an individual response. These features were grouped based on test and modality to derive sympathetic and parasympathetic indices for this healthy population. A significant positive correlation (p = 0.000377) was found between sympathetic amplitude response and body mass index. Additionally, longer duration and larger amplitude sympathetic and longer duration parasympathetic responses occurred in afternoon testing sessions; larger amplitude parasympathetic responses occurred in morning sessions. These results demonstrate the robustness and sensitivity of an algorithmic approach to extract multimodal responses from standard tests. This novel method of quantifying ANS function can be used for early diagnosis, measurement of disease progression, or treatment evaluation.

scholarly journals Mitigating Initial Orthostatic Hypotension: Mechanistic Roles of Muscle Contraction Versus Sympathetic Activation

Hypertension ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasia Sheikh ◽  
Aaron A. Phillips ◽  
Shaun Ranada ◽  
Matthew Lloyd ◽  
Karolina Kogut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Pressor Test ◽  
Involuntary Muscle ◽  
Initial Orthostatic Hypotension

Background: Initial orthostatic hypotension (IOH) is defined by a large drop in blood pressure (BP) within 15 s of standing. IOH often presents during an active stand, but not with a passive tilt, suggesting that a muscle activation reflex involving lower body muscles plays an important role. To our knowledge, there is no literature exploring how sympathetic activation affects IOH. We hypothesized involuntary muscle contractions before standing would significantly reduce the drop in BP seen in IOH while increasing sympathetic activity would not. Methods: Study participants performed 4 sit-to-stand maneuvers including a mental stress test (serial 7 mental arithmetic stress test), cold pressor test, electrical stimulation, and no intervention. Continuous heart rate and beat-to-beat BP were measured. Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance were estimated from these waveforms. Data are presented as mean±SD. Results: A total of 23 female IOH participants (31±8 years) completed the study. The drops in systolic BP following the serial 7 mental arithmetic stress test (−26±12 mm Hg; P =0.004), cold pressor test (−20±15 mm Hg; P <0.001), and electrical stimulation (−28±12 mm Hg; P =0.01) were significantly reduced compared with no intervention (−34±11 mm Hg). The drops in systemic vascular resistance following the serial 7 mental arithmetic stress test (−391±206 dyne×s/cm 5 ; P =0.006) and cold pressor test (−386±179 dyne×s/cm 5 ; P =0.011) were significantly reduced compared with no intervention (−488±173 dyne×s/cm 5 ). Cardiac output was significantly increased upon standing (7±2 L/min) compared with during the sit (6±1 L/min; P <0.001) for electrical stimulation. Conclusion: Sympathetic activation mitigates the BP response in IOH, while involuntary muscle contraction mitigates the BP response and reduces symptoms. Active muscle contractions may induce both of these mechanisms of action in their pretreatment of IOH. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT03970551.

scholarly journals Child Maltreatment, Autonomic Nervous System Responsivity, and Psychopathology: Current State of the Literature and Future Directions

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Young-Southward ◽  
Cassandra Svelnys ◽  
Ruchika Gajwani ◽  
Michelle Bosquet Enlow ◽  
Helen Minnis
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

Child maltreatment may affect autonomic nervous system (ANS) responsivity, and ANS responsivity may influence the impact of child maltreatment on later outcomes including long-term mental/physical health. This review systematically evaluated the evidence regarding effects of maltreatment on ANS responsivity in children and examined how ANS responsivity may influence the association between maltreatment and psychopathology, with attention to relevant developmental issues. We searched the literature for relevant studies using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched five electronic databases, performed key word searches in relevant journals, hand searched reference sections of relevant articles, and contacted experts in the field. Articles were extracted according to inclusion criteria and their quality assessed. The search produced 1,388 articles; 22 met inclusion criteria. Most of the studies suggested blunted cardiovascular responsivity generally and sympathetic activation specifically in response to stress in maltreated children compared to nonmaltreated children. Findings around vagal responsivity and skin conductance were mixed. Limited evidence was found for ANS responsivity as a moderator or mediator of psychopathology risk among maltreated children. Maltreatment may be associated with blunted sympathetic activation in stressful situations. Differences in ANS responsivity may influence psychopathology risk among maltreated children. Further research is needed to confirm the nature and magnitude of such effects.

Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Obese and Never-Obese Young Men

1997 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis J. Aronne ◽  
Ronald Mackintosh ◽  
Michael Rosenbaum ◽  
Rudolph L. Leibel ◽  
Jules Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Activity ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Nervous System Activity

scholarly journals The prevalence of neurocirculatory astheniaamong adolescents and young men of military age with bradyarrhythmia based on the results of screening diagnostics

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Inna A. Klubkova ◽  
Marina V. Avdeeva ◽  
Larisa V. Shcheglova ◽  
Dina R. Kiryanova ◽  
Marina Yu. Erina
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Autonomic Nervous

The article presents the results of clinical and instrumental examination of adolescents and young men of military age with bradyarrhythmia. The study involved 2067 people (mean age19,7 ± 2,7 years), subject to conscription (from 17 to 27 years) and potential conscripts (16-year-olds). According to the results of the screening ECG, bradyarrhythmia (sinus bradycardia, sinus bradyarrhythmia, rhythm and conduction disorders) was diagnosed in 630 adolescents and young men of military age. We studied the functional status of the autonomic nervous system on the device “Cardiometry-MT” (Russia). The functional state of the autonomic nervous system was studied on the basis of cardiointervalography and correlation rhythmography. Evaluation of the functional state of the autonomic nervous system was carried out according to three parameters: the type of vegetative regulation of the heart rhythm (normotonic, vagotonic, sympathicotonic); reactivity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system (normal reactivity, hyperreactivity, low reactivity, and paradoxical reactions); nature of vegetative maintenance of cardiac activity (normal vegetative maintenance of cardiac activity, vegetative maintenance with adaptation, vegetative maintenance with disadaptation). According to the results of respiratory samples from 81,9% of adolescents and young men of military age with bradyarrhythmia diagnosed neurocirculatory asthenia, of whom 63,6% – light, while 18,3% – severe degree. With a mild form of neurocirculatory asthenia, compensatory mechanisms are connected, so vegetative homeostasis is not generally disturbed and the heart rhythm responds adequately to the effect of physiological stimuli. Severe form of neurocirculatory asthenia is characte rized by disadaptation of vegetative maintenance of cardiac activity. Such patients need regular follow-up because they are at risk for developing cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Study the Effect of Body Postures on Skin Conductance Response and Heart Rate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Soni ◽  
Kirti Rawal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
The Impact

Skin Conductance (SC) and Heart Rate (HR) are the two basic tools to evaluate any small physical change that occurred in the human body. Skin conductance demonstrates the electrical conductivity response of the skin. Skin conductance response is the evaluating tool of sympathetic activation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). When external or internal sensations arise that are physiologically stimulating, the skin temporarily becomes a stronger conductor of electricity. Heart rate shows the beat to beat interval of our heart. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of various physical activities on skin conductance and heart rate. To this end, on the self-recorded data set of twenty subjects, the sample entropy is evaluated for the SC, and HR is evaluated. The mean value of skin conductance and heart rate was also examined along with the p-value to evaluate the impact of body positions on the skin conductance response and heart rate. For this purpose, the skin conductance response and HR is recorded for 10 minutes in the position of supine and standing simultaneously. By evaluating the results, it is observed that the value of skin conductance (SC) response and heart rate are increased as the activity is shifted from supine to standing. From the results, it is inferred that there is a substantial decrease in the sample entropy of SC and HR in the standing posture, which indicates an increase in the sympathetic activation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in the standing position. A positive correlation is found between the response of skin conductance and heart rate when the position of the body is changed from supine (rest) to standing posture.

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