Progressive Protrusive Tongue Exercise Does Not Alter Aging Effects in Retrusive Tongue Muscles

Purpose: Exercise-based treatment approaches for dysphagia may improve swallow function in part by inducing adaptive changes to muscles involved in swallowing and deglutition. We have previously shown that both aging and progressive resistance tongue exercise, in a rat model, can induce biological changes in the genioglossus (GG); a muscle that elevates and protrudes the tongue. However, the impacts of progressive resistance tongue exercise on the retrusive muscles (styloglossus, SG; hyoglossus, HG) of the tongue are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a progressive resistance tongue exercise regimen on the retrusive tongue musculature in the context of aging. Given that aging alters retrusive tongue muscles to more slowly contracting fiber types, we hypothesized that these biological changes may be mitigated by tongue exercise.Methods: Hyoglossus (HG) and styloglossus (SG) muscles of male Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats were assayed in age groups of young (9 months old, n = 24), middle-aged (24 months old, n = 23), and old (32 months old, n = 26), after receiving an 8-week period of either progressive resistance protrusive tongue exercise, or sham exercise conditions. Following exercise, HG and SG tongue muscle contractile properties were assessed in vivo. HG and SG muscles were then isolated and assayed to determine myosin heavy chain isoform (MyHC) composition.Results: Both retrusive tongue muscle contractile properties and MyHC profiles of the HG and SG muscles were significantly impacted by age, but were not significantly impacted by tongue exercise. Old rats had significantly longer retrusive tongue contraction times and longer decay times than young rats. Additionally, HG and SG muscles showed significant MyHC profile changes with age, in that old groups had slower MyHC profiles as compared to young groups. However, the exercise condition did not induce significant effects in any of the biological outcome measures.Conclusion: In a rat model of protrusive tongue exercise, aging induced significant changes in retrusive tongue muscles, and these age-induced changes were unaffected by the tongue exercise regimen. Collectively, results are compatible with the interpretation that protrusive tongue exercise does not induce changes to retrusive tongue muscle function.

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Alterations in Contractile Properties of Tongue Muscles in Old Rats

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348940511401010 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 114 (10) ◽

pp. 799-803 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Fumikazu Ota ◽

Nadine P. Connor ◽

Richard Konopacki

Keyword(s):

Muscle Contraction ◽

Vital Role ◽

Contractile Properties ◽

Brown Norway ◽

Tongue Muscle ◽

Fischer 344 ◽

Muscle Contractile Properties ◽

Age Related ◽

Old Rats ◽

Muscle Contractile

Objectives: Fatigue and weakness are well-known signs of aging that are related to sarcopenia, or loss of skeletal muscle mass, organization, and strength. Sarcopenia may affect swallowing. The tongue plays a vital role in swallowing, but there is limited knowledge regarding age-related changes in lingual muscle contractile properties. Our purpose was to determine whether alterations in tongue force, temporal features of tongue muscle contraction, and fatigability are manifested as a function of aging in old rats. Methods: We evaluated tongue muscle contractile properties in young and old Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats. Contractions were elicited via bilateral electrical stimulation of the hypoglossal nerves. Results: Maximum tongue forces and fatigability were not significantly altered in old animals, but aging was associated with significantly longer twitch contraction time and longer half-decay recovery time intervals (p <.01). Conclusions: The results indicated that old animals generated sufficient maximum tongue forces, but were slower in achieving these forces than young animals. These findings are consistent with reports of altered temporal parameters of tongue actions during swallowing in humans, and suggest that a disruption in the timing of muscle contraction onset and recovery may contribute to the altered tongue kinetics observed with aging.

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The effect of lower limb muscle contractile properties on walking

Korean Journal of Sports Science ◽

10.35159/kjss.2018.12.27.6.1137 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 1137-1149

Author(s):

Chul-Min Chung ◽

Sung-Hoon Shin

Keyword(s):

Lower Limb ◽

Contractile Properties ◽

Lower Limb Muscle ◽

Limb Muscle ◽

Muscle Contractile Properties ◽

Muscle Contractile

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Differential effects of targeted tongue exercise and treadmill running on aging tongue muscle structure and contractile properties

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.01370.2012 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 114 (4) ◽

pp. 472-481 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Heidi Kletzien ◽

John A. Russell ◽

Glen E. Leverson ◽

Nadine P. Connor

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Contractile Properties ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Brown Norway ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Tongue Muscle ◽

Muscle Structure ◽

Old Rats

Age-associated changes in tongue muscle structure and strength may contribute to dysphagia in elderly people. Tongue exercise is a current treatment option. We hypothesized that targeted tongue exercise and nontargeted exercise that activates tongue muscles as a consequence of increased respiratory drive, such as treadmill running, are associated with different patterns of tongue muscle contraction and genioglossus (GG) muscle biochemistry. Thirty-one young adult, 34 middle-aged, and 37 old Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats received either targeted tongue exercise, treadmill running, or no exercise (5 days/wk for 8 wk). Protrusive tongue muscle contractile properties and myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition in the GG were examined at the end of 8 wk across groups. Significant age effects were found for maximal twitch and tetanic tension (greatest in young adult rats), MHCIIb (highest proportion in young adult rats), MHCIIx (highest proportion in middle-aged and old rats), and MHCI (highest proportion in old rats). The targeted tongue exercise group had the greatest maximal twitch tension and the highest proportion of MHCI. The treadmill running group had the shortest half-decay time, the lowest proportion of MHCIIa, and the highest proportion of MHCIIb. Fatigue was significantly less in the young adult treadmill running group and the old targeted tongue exercise group than in other groups. Thus, tongue muscle structure and contractile properties were affected by both targeted tongue exercise and treadmill running, but in different ways. Studies geared toward optimizing dose and manner of providing targeted and generalized tongue exercise may lead to alternative tongue exercise delivery strategies.

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Effects of selenium supplementation on the muscle contractile properties, fatigue and antioxidant enzymes activities of gastrocnemius muscles in trained and untrained rats

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.1(4).p226-232 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 226-232

Author(s):

Mohanad R. Alwan ◽

Oleksandr Krasilshchikov ◽

Tengku Muzaffar Bin ◽

Tengku Mohamad Shihabudin

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Selenium Supplementation ◽

Contractile Properties ◽

Muscle Contractile Properties ◽

Body Weights ◽

Jumping Exercise ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscles ◽

Muscle Contractile ◽

Tetanic Tension

Selenium (Se) is an important component of cellular seleno Ã¢â‚¬Âcompounds andan integral component of glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), which catalyzes thereduction of harmful radicals produced during muscular exercise. The currentstudy was carried out to evaluate the muscle contractile properties andfatigue resistance of gastrocnemius muscle under selenium supplementationschemes in sedentary and exercise protocols as well as measure the antioxidantenzymes activity and lipid peroxidation. Rats were divided into fourgroups; sedentary Selenium supplementation (S), exercise Selenium (SE)groups, sedentary control (SC) and exercise control (EC) groups. The ratswere fed with 80 μg/kg body weights selenium for six weeks. The exerciseprotocol consisted the 40 jumps up to the height of 40 cm for 6 Ã¢â‚¬Âweek. Themuscle fatigue protocol consisted the trains of pulses of 40 Hz at every secondfor at least 2 min. Significant (P<0.05) increase was observed in treatedgroups than control in the muscle contractile properties like twitch tension(Pt), contraction time (CT) and twitch/tetanic tension Ratio (Pt/Po Ratio),tetanic tension (Po) and EMG amplitude. Decreased EMG failure and increasedfatigue index were observed in ES group. Moreover, a significant(P<0.05) increase and decrease in the GPx activity and lipid peroxidation respectivelywas also reported than SC and EC group. While there were nochanges reported in the activity of CAT and SOD enzymes. This study revealedthat the Se with jumping exercise induces muscle contractile propertiesand decreases the muscular fatigue.

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Muscle Contractile Properties Measured at Submaximal Electrical Amplitudes and Not at Supramaximal Amplitudes Are Associated with Repeated Sprint Performance and Fatigue Markers

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182111689 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (21) ◽

pp. 11689

Author(s):

Alejandro Muñoz-López ◽

Moisés de Hoyo ◽

Borja Sañudo

Keyword(s):

Rectus Femoris ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Sprint Performance ◽

Contractile Properties ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Contraction Time ◽

Repeated Sprints ◽

Muscle Contractile Properties ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Muscle Contractile

Background: The present study analyzes the associations between the muscle contractile properties (MCP) measured at different neuromuscular electrical stimulation amplitudes (NMESa) and the performance or transient fatigue after a bout of repeated sprints. Methods: Seventeen physically active male subjects performed six repeated sprints of 30 m with 30 s of passive recovery. Capillary blood creatine kinase (CK) concentration, knee extension or flexion isometric peak torque, tensiomyography, and repeated sprint performance were assessed. Results: Muscle displacement and contraction time were different in relation to the NMESa used in the rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles. At rest, significant (p < 0.05) associations were found between muscle displacement and the loss of time in the repeated sprints (sprint performance) at 20 or 40 mA in the rectus femoris. At post +24 h or +48 h, the highest significant associations were found between the muscle displacement or the contraction time and CK or peak torques also at submaximal amplitudes (20 mA). The NMESa which elicits the peak muscle displacement showed lack of practical significance. Conclusion: Although MCP are typically assessed in tensiomyography using the NMESa that elicit peak muscle displacement, a submaximal NMESa may have a higher potential practical application to assess neuromuscular fatigue in response to repeated sprints.

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