scholarly journals Screening of Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes for Drought Tolerance Using Physiological and Yield Based Indices Through Multivariate Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranjali A. Gedam ◽  
A. Thangasamy ◽  
Dhananjay V. Shirsat ◽  
Sourav Ghosh ◽  
K. P. Bhagat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Bulb Yield

Drought is a leading abiotic constraints for onion production globally. Breeding by using unique genetic resources for drought tolerance is a vital mitigation strategy. With a total of 100 onion genotypes were screened for drought tolerance using multivariate analysis. The experiment was conducted in a controlled rainout shelter for 2 years 2017–2018 and 2018–2019 in a randomized block design with three replications and two treatments (control and drought stress). The plant was exposed to drought stress during the bulb development stage (i.e., 50–75 days after transplanting). The genotypes were screened on the basis of the drought tolerance efficiency (DTE), percent bulb yield reduction, and results of multivariate analysis viz. hierarchical cluster analysis by Ward’s method, discriminate analysis and principal component analysis. The analysis of variance indicated significant differences among the tested genotypes and treatments for all the parameters studied, viz. phenotypic, physiological, biochemical, and yield attributes. Bulb yield was strongly positively correlated with membrane stability index (MSI), relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and leaf area under drought stress. The genotypes were categorized into five groups namely, highly tolerant, tolerant, intermediate, sensitive, and highly sensitive based on genetic distance. Under drought conditions, clusters II and IV contained highly tolerant and highly sensitive genotypes, respectively. Tolerant genotypes, viz. Acc. 1656, Acc. 1658, W-009, and W-085, had higher DTE (>90%), fewer yield losses (<20%), and performed superiorly for different traits under drought stress. Acc. 1627 and Acc. 1639 were found to be highly drought-sensitive genotypes, with more than 70% yield loss. In biplot, the tolerant genotypes (Acc. 1656, Acc. 1658, W-085, W-009, W-397, W-396, W-414, and W-448) were positively associated with bulb yield, DTE, RWC, MSI, leaf area, and antioxidant enzyme activity under drought stress. The study thus identified tolerant genotypes with favorable adaptive traits that may be useful in onion breeding program for drought tolerance.

The effects of spraying methanol solution and drought stress on level of antioxidant enzyme activity, growth, biomass and yield of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.cv.COS16)

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezam Armand ◽  
Hamzeh Amiri ◽  
Ahmad Ismaili
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Methanol Solution ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Moderate Drought

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of methanol solution spray treatment on growth, biomass, and functional properties of bean plant under drought stress. The experiment was set up as a fully-randomized design with three replications. The first factor was four concentration levels of spray solution (Control, 10, 20, and 30%) and the spray was applied three times during the plant growth season at 10-day intervals. The second factor was three levels of drought stress; severe drought stress (25% field capacity), moderate drought stress (75% field capacity), and non-stress (100% field capacity). Test results showed that under 20% of methanol and conditions of non-stress there was significant growth of protein content of root and leaf in comparison with the control. Antioxidant enzyme activity was not affected by application of methanol solution spray but leaf antioxidant enzymes activity declined. Under non-stress and methanol concentrations of 10 and 20%, results showed a significant increase in all morphological properties compared with the control treatment. Under conditions of severe and moderate drought stress, level of methanol solution spray did not mitigate the negative effects of drought stress on the studied properties.

Boron Alleviates Drought Stress by Enhancing Gene Expression and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehtap Aydin ◽  
Guzin Tombuloglu ◽  
Mehmet Serdal Sakcali ◽  
Khalid Rehman Hakeem ◽  
Huseyin Tombuloglu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity

Study of the effect of abiotic stress on the antioxidant enzyme activity of cereals under regulated environmental conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
B. Varga ◽  
S. Bencze ◽  
T. Janda ◽  
O. Veisz
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Hungarian Academy ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The impacts of climate modification were examined in terms of changes in the stress tolerance of winter wheat varieties. The enzyme reactions of two winter wheat varieties to drought stress, simulated by water withholding in three different phenophases, were analysed in a phytotron experiment in the Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Plants were raised either at ambient CO2 level or at twice this concentration. The quantities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were determined from leaf samples collected at the end of the drought treatment.The results showed that antioxidant enzymes may help to counterbalance the reactive oxygen species induced by stress during various stages of the vegetation period. Although there were substantial differences in the changes induced in the activity of individual enzymes by modifications in environmental factors, this activity and its response to stress depended not only on these factors, but also on the developmental stage of the plant. Modifications in enzyme activity could indicate that enhanced CO2 concentration delayed the development of drought stress up to first node appearance, and stimulated antioxidant enzyme activity when drought occurred during ripening.

scholarly journals Responses to drought stress modulate the susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola in grapevine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Heyman ◽  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Kristof Demeestere ◽  
Nikolaos Tzortzakis ◽  
Monica Höfte
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Planta

Abstract BackgroundClimate change will increase the occurrence of plants simultaneously suffering drought and pathogen stress. Although it is well-known that drought can alter the way plants respond to pathogens, knowledge about the effect of concurrent drought and biotic stress in grapevine is scarce. This is especially true for Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. This research addresses how vines with different drought tolerance respond to the challenge with P. viticola, drought stress or their combination, and how one stress affects the other. ResultsArtificial inoculation was performed on two cultivars, exposed to full or deficit irrigation, in the Mediterranean climate of Cyprus. In parallel, leaf disks from these plants were inoculated in controlled conditions. Leaves were sampled at an early infection stage to determine the influence of the single and combined stresses on oxidative parameters, chlorophyll, and phytohormones. Under irrigation, the local Cypriot cultivar Xynisteri was more susceptible to P. viticola than the drought-sensitive Chardonnay. The successful infection by P. viticola at 1.5 days post inoculation was associated with high levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and proline and strong decreases in antioxidant enzyme activity. Drought, on the other hand, triggered the accumulation of IAA and abscisic acid (ABA), which antagonized JA and SA. Exposure to drought stress increased the susceptibility to P. viticola of the leaves inoculated in controlled conditions. Conversely, both cultivars showed resistance against P. viticola when inoculated in planta under continued deficit irrigation. Despite their resistance, the pathogen-associated responses in IAA, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline still occurred in these drought-stressed plants. Surprisingly, abscisic acid, rather than the generally implicated jasmonic and salicylic acid, seemed to play a prominent role in this resistance. ConclusionsDrought exposure increased the susceptibility of in vitro inoculated leaves. Conversely, deficit irrigation induced resistance to P. viticola in both Chardonnay and Xynisteri when inoculated in planta. ABA, rather than JA and SA, was implicated in this resistance. The irrigation-dependent susceptibility highlights that the changing climate and the practices used to mitigate its effects, may have a profound impact on plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress on oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activity in melon seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa KAVAS ◽  
Mehmet Cengiz BALOĞLU ◽  
Oya AKÇA ◽  
Fatma Selin KÖSE ◽  
Derya GÖKÇAY
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity

scholarly journals Responses to drought stress modulate the susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola in grapevine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Heyman ◽  
Antonios Chrysargyris ◽  
Kristof Demeestere ◽  
Nikolaos Tzortzakis ◽  
Monica Höfte
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Plasmopara Viticola ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Successful Infection

Abstract BackgroundClimate change will increase the occurrence of plants being simultaneously subjected to drought and pathogen stress. Although it is well known that drought can alter the way in which plants respond to pathogens, knowledge about the effect of concurrent drought and biotic stress on grapevine is scarce. This is especially true for Plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew. This research addresses how vines with different drought tolerances respond to challenge with P. viticola, drought stress or their combination and how one stress affects the other.ResultsArtificial inoculation was performed on two cultivars exposed to full or deficit irrigation in the Mediterranean climate of Cyprus. In parallel, leaf discs from these plants were inoculated under controlled conditions. Leaves were sampled at an early infection stage to determine the influence of the single and combined stresses on oxidative parameters, chlorophyll, and phytohormones. Under irrigation, the local Cypriot cultivar Xynisteri was more susceptible to P. viticola than the drought-sensitive cultivar Chardonnay. Successful infection by P. viticola at 1.5 days post inoculation was associated with high levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and proline and strong decreases in antioxidant enzyme activity. Drought, on the other hand, triggered the accumulation of IAA and abscisic acid (ABA), which antagonized JA and SA. Exposure to drought stress increased the susceptibility to P. viticola of the leaves inoculated under controlled conditions. Conversely, both cultivars showed resistance against P. viticola when inoculated in planta under continued deficit irrigation. Despite their resistance, the pathogen-associated responses of IAA, antioxidant enzyme activity, and proline still occurred in these drought-stressed plants. Surprisingly, ABA, rather than the generally implicated JA and SA, seemed to play a prominent role in this resistance.ConclusionsDrought exposure increased the susceptibility of leaves inoculated in vitro. Conversely, deficit irrigation induced resistance to P. viticola in both Chardonnay and Xynisteri plants inoculated in planta. ABA, rather than JA and SA, was implicated in this resistance. The irrigation-dependent susceptibility indicates that the changing climate and the practices used to mitigate its effects may have a profound impact on plant pathogens.

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