scholarly journals Current Situation and Key Parameters for Improving Wheat Quality in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Ma ◽  
Yingchun Li ◽  
Cheng Xue ◽  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Zhengping Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Husbandry Practices

Processing quality of winter-wheat is affected by genotype, environmental conditions, and crop husbandry practices. In the present study, a data set of 17 quality-related traits for 211 main winter-wheat varieties in China during 2006 to 2018 was extracted from China Wheat Quality Report. Analysis was carried out to evaluate the quality status and variations, to reveal correlation between quality-related traits, as well as to identify key influencing factors. Results indicated that the quality indicators of medium-gluten or medium-strong-gluten wheat varieties were acceptable, whereas those of weak- and strong-gluten wheat varieties were far below national standard, especially hardness index (HI), crude protein content (CPC), wet gluten content (WG), and water absorption for weak-gluten wheat and sedimentation value (SV), stability time (ST), and stretch area (SA) for strong-gluten wheat, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that WA, WG, development time, HI, CPC, falling number, ST, and tractility directly affected the overall quality of winter-wheat. CPC, SV, and WG in medium-gluten wheat had no significant correlation with the processing quality of noodles score, whereas gluten index significantly correlated with noodle score (P < 0.001). This implied that protein quality might play a more important role than protein quantity in determining medium-gluten wheat quality. Furthermore, analysis of variance showed that genetic characteristics (cultivars) had significant influences on the restriction indexes (SV, ST, and SA) of strong-gluten wheat, whereas genetic characteristics, environment conditions, and crop growing practices (cultivars, locations, and years) significantly affected the restriction indexes (HI, CPC, WG, and WA) of weak-gluten wheat. The results suggest that improvement of Chinese strong-gluten wheat should mainly focus on cultivating new varieties. As to weak-gluten wheat, cultivation and husbandry practices should be paid more attention to limit undesired high grain protein content.

scholarly journals Quality of winter wheat grain with different systems of main tillage in crop rotations of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Orekhivskyi ◽  
◽  
A. I. Kryvenko ◽  
S. V. Pochkolina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Quality Class ◽  
Gluten Content

The article investigates the influence of the application of different systems of basic tillage on the quality of winter wheat grain in short crop rotations of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine. It is established that the grain quality of winter wheat in the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is mainly determined by the genetic characteristics of the variety, but also largely depends on the conditions and technologies of cultivation. In winter wheat grain, which is used for food purposes, reserve proteins are important, which in winter wheat determine the baking properties of flour. In drought conditions, when the yield of winter wheat decreases, the protein content in its grain tends to increase. In wet years, on the contrary, there is a reverse pattern. According to experimental studies, wheat varieties have a negative correlation between grain protein content and yield. It is established that during 2016–2020 research shows almost the same pattern of action of different predecessors and systems of basic tillage on the formation of grain quality of winter wheat in arid conditions. It was found that, on average, according to all variants of research, only with the use of the system of tillage-free tillage received grain of winter wheat with a protein content of 12,5%, which met the requirements of the 2nd class. It is recorded that on average over five years of research on all tillage systems, grain of winter wheat with gluten content was obtained, the quality of which corresponded to the 3rd class. Different tillage systems caused a slight impact on the gluten content, which ranged from 20,6% to 21,1%. It is determined that the precursors have a certain effect on the protein content in the grain of winter wheat. The analysis of qualitative indicators showed that on average in five years of research, when growing winter wheat after a pair of black and a pair of green wheat with winter vetch, grain was formed, which in terms of protein content corresponded to the 2nd quality class. More protein was accumulated in winter wheat grain after a pair of black, which was 12,9%. After peas for grain, as well as a pair of green with a mixture of white mustard and peas, received a grain of winter wheat, which was the 3rd quality class. It was found that on average in five years of research, all variants of winter wheat were grown with gluten content, which met the requirements of the 3rd class. Black vapor and green vapor with winter veneer caused the accumulation of gluten at almost the same level with a small increase in the version with winter vetch up to 21,8%. The lowest level of gluten was obtained in the grain of winter wheat after peas per grain, which was 19,7%. In all variants of the experiment, sidereal steam with winter tillage and the use of tillage-free tillage had the best effect on the growth of winter wheat grain quality indicators. The grain of winter wheat was mainly formed in terms of quality, which allows it to be used for food purposes – mainly in the flour-milling and baking industries, as well as for export. It is established that it is important to further study the quality of winter wheat grain and other cereals in short crop rotations of the arid Southern Steppe of Ukraine, especially in climate change.

scholarly journals Quality of winter wheat in relation to heat and drought shock after anthesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Balla ◽  
M. Rakszegi ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
F. Békés ◽  
S. Bencze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Starch Granule ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Protein Components

Raw material quality, which is influenced not only by the protein content, insoluble protein polymers, and glutenin-to-gliadin ratio but also by the starch granule size, is very important for the quality of bakery products. This study investigated the effect of high temperature and drought (during grain-filling) on the quality and components yield of five winter wheat varieties. Drought and drought + heat were found to have a much greater influence on the yield and quality than heat stress alone. Averaged over the varieties, the yield losses were 57% after drought, 76% after drought + heat, and only 31% after heat stresses. The reductions in the unextractable polymeric protein fraction and glutenin-to-gliadin ratio indicated a poorer grain yield quality, despite the higher protein content. Quality deterioration was observed after drought or drought + heat, while high temperatures alone resulted in no change or in a better ratio of protein components. A significant negative correlation was observed between starch granule size and relative protein content after drought, demonstrating that this parameter contributes, together with protein, to the baking quality of the flour.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ПОПЕРЕДНИКІВ НА ЯКІСТЬ ЗЕРНА ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СОРТОВИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ

2012 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Г. П. Жемела ◽  
А. О. Курочка
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Розглянуто вплив попередників на якість зернарізних за біологічними властивостями сортів пше-ниці м,якої озимої. Найвищі показники вмісту білкав зерні були в сортів Землячка й Володарка. Вста-новлено, що найкращими попередниками для пше-ниці озимої є горох та однорічні бобові трави.Кращі показники якості зерна отримані в сортівЗемлячка й Володарка. Вміст клейковини в зернінаведених вище сортів відповідає рівневі сильнихпшениць. Якість клейковини в зерні відповідаєдругій і третій групам. The predecessors’ influence upon the grain quality of differentsoft winter wheat varieties according to biological properties isexamined. The varieties Zemlyachka and Volodarka had highindices of protein content. It is established that pea and annuallegume glass were the best predecessors. The varietiesZemlyachka and Volodarka had the best indices of grainquality.

scholarly journals Variation in grain productivity and quality of modern winter wheat varieties in northern Ukrainian Steppe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
M. Nazarenko ◽  
S. Mykolenko ◽  
P. Okhmat
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

We have been studying the grain productivity and quality of 22 new winter wheat varieties during three years under North Ukrainian Steppe conditions. These 22 winter wheat varieties and control (national standard by grain productivity variety Podolyanka) were investigated regarding their interactions with environmental conditions by agronomic-value traits like as general grain productivity, components of one, protein and gluten content, developing relations between once (correlation relations), which determining wheat quality and yield in a complex. Two high-adaptive varieties Divo and Matrix, which provides us higher than standard grain yield in complex with higher or proper protein and gluten content were developed. Two factors permanently influenced on grain productivity (conditions of the year and genotype), while only one (genotype) determined the protein content of grains. We used the weight of thousand grains as an integrative parameter of the yield structure for all productive varieties, with no regards to yield formation.

scholarly journals Effects of Site on Winter Wheat Quality 2002/2003

2019 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Árpád Tóth ◽  
Zoltán Győri
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Soil Features

The demand of modern societies for high food quality is evident. Thus, it is important for agriculture to produce row materials that are valuable for nutrition and have favourable characteristics for food processing. For this we need a knowledge about the factors which determine the quality of products. One of the main features of plant production is the “immobility”. This way the characteristics of the field influence the quality of the product, like example winter wheat, which is the main cereal in Hungary and Europe.The Concordia Co. has charged the Central Laboratory of Debrecen University, Agricultural Centre with laboratory testing of the 2002/2003 winter wheat crop. The samples consist of thirteen winter wheat varieties from six different sites under the same cultivating conditions. Therefore, the important wheat quality factors were analysed solely against site conditions with the use of Győri’s “Z” index, which contains these parameters.Soils were tested first. In this experiment excepting the negligible differences between the sites, there were no linear relations found between quality factors, productivity and soil features. The case is the same with the relation between precipitation, temperature and quality parameters. However, it must be noted that additional soil analyses are required to interpret the extreme results obtained from Karcag.The calculated Győri’s Z-index shows relative stability concerning certain varieties, although considerable deviation can be found in varieties related to the sites. According to these results, it can bestated that winter wheat quality was not linearly influenced by soil and weather in the 2002/2003 vegetation period. As the same cultivation technology was used in the experiment, the index was determined by genetic features. It must be noted that these findings are relevant only to this experiment.

scholarly journals Influence of weather conditions of the year and variety features on nitrogen consumption and formation of winter wheat grain quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
A. M. Zvonar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Consumption ◽  
Two Factors

Influence of weather conditions of the year and variety features on nitrogen consumption and formation of winter wheat grain quality The article discusses the influence of two factors on the quality of winter wheat grain – the characteristics of the variety and weather conditions of the year. Varietal differences in the nitrogen supply to winter wheat grains were studied. A greater influence of the genetic characteristics of winter wheat varieties than weather conditions on the accumulation of nitrogen in wheat grain was revealed. The dependence of high quality wheat grain on arid weather conditions were confirmed. Varieties such as Arctis and Panonicus have shown more stable indicators of nitrogen content, so the grain of these varieties is the most conditioned. Keywords: nitrogen content, winter wheat, varietal features, protein content, weather conditions.

scholarly journals Effects of Cropping Year and Artificial Fertilization on Alveographic Quality of GK Öthalom Winter Wheat Variety

2005 ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
Árpád Tóth ◽  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Győri Zoltán
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Quality ◽  
Strong Connection ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Wheat Variety ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Artificial Fertilization

Qualification of winter wheat became more complex for Hungary, after the expansion of the EU. Use of Chopin alveograph is a general method in Western- and Southern Europe. This method is not traditional in Hungary, so determination of alveographic properties of Hungarian winter wheat varieties is very important. Artificial fertilization is one very important component of applied agricultural engineering, which effects winter wheat quality. The another factor is the weather or rather the cropping year, which effects winter wheat quality too. We examined both of them and the alveographic quality of GK Öthalom winter wheat variety between 1996 and 2003.We found that cropping year has significant effect on the alveographic quality of GK Öthalom winter wheat variety on each treatment of artificial fertilization. We found no connection between quantities of precipitations of vegetation periods and the W values of GK Öthalom.We found a strong connection in 1999 and 2003 as well as a very strong connection in 1996, 1997 and 2002, between the increase of fertilizer dose and W values of GK Öthalom. Treatments of artificial fertilization had a significant effect to W values of GK Öthalom in 2001 and 2002. The differences between the two methods are because of large standard deviation of the results.

Influence of previous crops on the productivity of winter wheat varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
A. A. Makarov ◽  
N. I. Mamsirov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

In order to realize the maximum potential parameters of winter wheat productivity, it is necessary, first of all, to use high-yielding varieties with optimal quality indicators of grain, as well as progressive agricultural technologies aimed at obtaining a stable crop yield. Winter wheat places high demands on its previous crops. Insufficient amount of productive moisture in the soil or its extremely low reserves affects the yield, and consequently, the quality of winter wheat grain according to unpaired predecessors. Moreover, dry autumn during the sowing period leads to its delay, which is the reason for obtaining uneven and weak seedlings. In this regard, studies have been carried out to study and assess the influence of predecessors on the agrocenosis, yield and grain quality of promising varieties of Adel, Grom, Tanya winter wheat. According to the experimental scheme, peas, corn for silage and sunflower have been identified as the preceding crops for winter wheat. Agrotechnology in experience is generally accepted for the foothill zone of the Republic of Adygea. The results of the research made it possible to identify the most optimal of the considered predecessors in the cultivation of winter wheat, capable of providing stable yields with high quality grain. Certain differences in the photosynthetic activity of the studied winter wheat varieties for different predecessors have been noted. It has been found that the leaf area of winter wheat varieties is in the range of 30,0–33,5 thousand m2/ha. The highest dry matter content in the range of 4,9–5,0 t/ha is observed in the Grom variety, and the predecessor is peas. The largest number of grains in an ear for three previous crops is 40–43 pcs / ear for peas. It also had a fairly significant effect on the weight of 1000 grains and the grain yield of winter wheat. For example, the weight of 1000 grains of the most productive Thunder variety varied from 40,1 to 41,6 gm, depending on the previous crop. According to the results of the experiments, the highest grain yield of winter wheat within the range of 5,3 t/ha has been noted for the Grom variety when cultivated for peas. The smallest grain yield in the range of 3,8–3,9 t/ha is typical for all studied varieties of winter wheat, namely, according to the cultivated predecessor – sunflower.

scholarly journals Some correlations between parameters of winter wheat technological quality

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Jindřiška Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Technological Quality

The results of three-year trials (1999 to 2001) conducted with six winter wheat varieties in which was studied the grain yield and parameters of technological quality. Varieties of wheat come from four different localities of the Czech Republic. The most favourable weather conditions, a lot of precipitation and high temperature in the course of ripening from three years were proved in the year 2000. The best grain yield were in 2001 (average of sites 8.84 t/ha) and variety Semper, worst quality, had the highest grain yield of 9.17 t/ha, the least grain yield had Sulamit, best quality (7.94 t/ha). The laboratory analysis revealed negative correlation between grain yield and baking quality. The number of statistically highly significant correlations among bread-making quality parameters too.The negative correlation was of grain yield and grain volume mass (P < 0.05), Zeleny test and protein content taken as a whole for three years (P < 0.01). The correlation of loaf volume, which is the traits of baking quality and Zeleny test (r = 0.6016**), protein content (r = 0.5932**), dough stability (r = 0.2898**) and flour water absorption (r = 0.3632**) was positive (P < 0.01).

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