scholarly journals The Lotus japonicus NPF3.1 Is a Nodule-Induced Gene That Plays a Positive Role in Nodule Functioning

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ylenia Vittozzi ◽  
Marcin Nadzieja ◽  
Alessandra Rogato ◽  
Simona Radutoiu ◽  
Vladimir Totev Valkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Promoter Studies ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

Nitrogen-fixing nodules are new organs formed on legume roots as a result of the beneficial interaction with the soil bacteria, rhizobia. Proteins of the nitrate transporter 1/peptide transporter family (NPF) are largely represented in the subcategory of nodule-induced transporters identified in mature nodules. The role of nitrate as a signal/nutrient regulating nodule functioning has been recently highlighted in the literature, and NPFs may play a central role in both the permissive and inhibitory pathways controlling N2-fixation efficiency. In this study, we present the characterization of the Lotus japonicus LjNPF3.1 gene. LjNPF3.1 is upregulated in mature nodules. Promoter studies show transcriptional activation confined to the cortical region of both roots and nodules. Under symbiotic conditions, Ljnpf3.1-knockout mutant’s display reduced shoot development and anthocyanin accumulation as a result of nutrient deprivation. Altogether, LjNPF3.1 plays a role in maximizing the beneficial outcome of the root nodule symbiosis.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Opp Peptide Transporter ofCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosisand Its Role in Virulence and Pathogenicity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo M. R. O. Moraes ◽  
Nubia Seyffert ◽  
Wanderson M. Silva ◽  
Thiago L. P. Castro ◽  
Renata F. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Intercellular Signaling ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cell Nutrition ◽  
Oligopeptide Permease ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Despite the economic importance of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA), a chronic disease caused byCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, few genes related to the virulence of its etiologic agent have been characterized. The oligopeptide permease (Opp) transporters are located in the plasma membrane and have functions generally related to the uptake of peptides from the extracellular environment. These peptide transporters, in addition to having an important role in cell nutrition, also participate in the regulation of various processes involving intercellular signaling, including the control of the expression of virulence genes in pathogenic bacteria. To study the role of Opp inC. pseudotuberculosis, an OppD deficient strain was constructed via simple crossover with a nonreplicative plasmid carrying part of theoppDgene sequence. As occurred to the wild-type, the ΔoppDstrain showed impaired growth when exposed to the toxic glutathione peptide (GSH), indicating two possible scenarios: (i) that this component can be internalized by the bacterium through an Opp-independent pathway or (ii) that there is toxicity while the peptide is extracellular. Additionally, the ΔoppDmutant presented a reduced ability to adhere to and infect macrophages compared to the wild-type, although both strains exhibit the same potential to colonize spleens and cause injury and death to infected mice.

Characterization of CdTe:Zn:V crystals grown under microgravity conditions

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 3037-3041 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Corregidor ◽  
V. Babentsov ◽  
J. L. Castaño ◽  
M. Fiederle ◽  
T. Feltgen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Process ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Seed Region ◽  
Photoluminescence Spectra ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Microgravity Conditions

CdTe:Zn:V crystals grown by the seeded Bridgman method in microgravity conditions during the STS95-Spacelab-AGHF-1 mission and in the ground laboratory (l-g) were analyzed and compared. The results obtained clearly show that the structural quality of the space crystal is better. Density of inclusions, concentration of dislocations, and presence of stresses are lower in the microgravity-grown (μ-g) crystal. The l-g crystal contains twins and grains from the beginning of the growth process, that is, from the near-seed region. In general, the concentration of inclusions and amount of segregated impurities on the l-g crystal are larger than in the μ-g crystal. X-ray rocking curves and low-temperature photoluminescence spectra demonstrate the relatively high quality of both crystals on a microscale at the beginning of the growth and show that the l-g conditions were worse at the end. The results of this investigation demonstrate a positive role of contactless growth and μ-g conditions in the melt in suppressing the creation of inclusions and dislocations.

scholarly journals GmVTL1 is an iron transporter on the symbiosome membrane of soybean with an important role in nitrogen fixation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ella M. Brear ◽  
Frank Bedon ◽  
Aleksandr Gavrin ◽  
Igor S. Kryvoruchko ◽  
Ivone Torres-Jerez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
List Type ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Iron Transporter ◽  
Symbiosome Membrane ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Root Transformation ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Infected Cells

SummaryLegumes establish symbiotic relationships with soil bacteria (rhizobia), housed in nodules on plant roots. The plant supplies carbon substrates and other nutrients to the bacteria in exchange for fixed nitrogen. The exchange occurs across a plant-derived symbiosome membrane (SM), which encloses rhizobia to form a symbiosome. Iron supplied by the plant is crucial for the rhizobial enzyme nitrogenase that catalyses N2 fixation, but the SM iron transporter has not been identified.We use complementation of yeast and plant mutants, real-time PCR, hairy root transformation, microscopy and proteomics to demonstrate the role of soybean GmVTL1 and 2.Both are members of the vacuolar iron transporter family and homologous to Lotus japonicus SEN1 (LjSEN1), previously shown to be essential for N2 fixation. GmVTL1 expression is enhanced in nodule infected cells and both proteins are localised to the SM.GmVTL1 and 2 transport iron in yeast and GmVTL1 restores N2 fixation when expressed in the Ljsen1 mutant.Three GmVTL1 amino acid substitutions that reduce iron transport in yeast also block N2 fixation in Ljsen1 plants.We conclude GmVTL1 is responsible for transport of iron across the SM to bacteroids and plays a crucial role in the N2-fixing symbiosis.

The role of endogenous thiamine produced via THIC in root nodule symbiosis in Lotus japonicus

Plant Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 283 ◽  
pp. 311-320
Author(s):  
Yehu Yin ◽  
Lu Tian ◽  
Xueliu Li ◽  
Mingchao Huang ◽  
Leru Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Nodule ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Root Nodule Symbiosis ◽  
Nodule Symbiosis

Novel insights into nickel import in Staphylococcus aureus: the positive role of free histidine and structural characterization of a new thiazolidine-type nickel chelator

Metallomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lebrette ◽  
E. Borezée-Durant ◽  
L. Martin ◽  
P. Richaud ◽  
E. Boeri Erba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Type Nickel

Staphylococcus aureuspossesses two canonical ABC-importers dedicated to nickel acquisition: the NikABCDE and the CntABCDF systems, active under different growth conditions.

Characterization of the Rat GAL2R Promoter: Positive Role of ETS-1 in Regulation of the Rat GAL2R Gene in PC12 Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 4421-4431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutao Yang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Hanjiang Luo ◽  
Yueting Li ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pc12 Cells ◽  
Positive Role

The functional characterization of LjNRT2.4 indicates a novel, positive role of nitrate for an efficient nodule N 2 ‐fixation activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 228 (2) ◽  
pp. 682-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Totev Valkov ◽  
Stefano Sol ◽  
Alessandra Rogato ◽  
Maurizio Chiurazzi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Fixation Activity

scholarly journals Detailed characterization of the UMAMITs provides insight into their evolution, functional properties as amino acid transporters and role in the plant

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengsong Zhao ◽  
Réjane Pratelli ◽  
Shi Yu ◽  
Brett Shelley ◽  
Eva Collakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Amino Acid Transporters ◽  
Cell Compartments ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractAmino acid transporters play a critical role in distributing amino acids within the cell compartments and between the plant organs. Despite this importance, relatively few amino acid transporter genes have been characterized and their role elucidated with certainty. Two main families of proteins encode amino acid transporters in plants: the Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation superfamily, containing mostly importers, and the Usually Multiple Acids Move In and out Transporter family, apparently encoding exporters, totaling about 100 genes in Arabidopsis alone. Knowledge on UMAMITs is scarce, focused on six Arabidopsis genes and a handful of genes from other species. To get insight into the role of the members of this family and provide data to be used for future characterization, we studied the evolution of the UMAMITs in plants, and determined the functional properties, the structure, and the localization of the 44 Arabidopsis UMAMITs. Our analysis showed that the AtUMAMIT are essentially localized at the tonoplast or the plasma membrane, and that most of them are able to export amino acids from the cytosol, confirming a role in intra- and inter-cellular amino acid transport. As an example, this set of data was used to hypothesize the role of a few AtUMAMITs in the plant and the cell.

scholarly journals Maltotriose Utilization by Industrial Saccharomyces Strains: Characterization of a New Member of the α-Glucoside Transporter Family

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 5044-5049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalena Salema-Oom ◽  
Vera Valadão Pinto ◽  
Paula Gonçalves ◽  
Isabel Spencer-Martins
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Library ◽  
Functional Complementation ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Integrated Study

ABSTRACT Maltotriose utilization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and closely related yeasts is important to industrial processes based on starch hydrolysates, where the trisaccharide is present in significant concentrations and often is not completely consumed. We undertook an integrated study to better understand maltotriose metabolism in a mixture with glucose and maltose. Physiological data obtained for a particularly fast-growing distiller's strain (PYCC 5297) showed that, in contrast to what has been previously reported for other strains, maltotriose is essentially fermented. The respiratory quotient was, however, considerably higher for maltotriose (0.36) than for maltose (0.16) or glucose (0.11). To assess the role of transport in the sequential utilization of maltose and maltotriose, we investigated the presence of genes involved in maltotriose uptake in the type strain of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (PYCC 4457). To this end, a previously constructed genomic library was used to identify maltotriose transporter genes by functional complementation of a strain devoid of known maltose transporters. One gene, clearly belonging to the MAL transporter family, was repeatedly isolated from the library. Sequence comparison showed that the novel gene (designated MTY1) shares 90% and 54% identity with MAL31 and AGT1, respectively. However, expression of Mty1p restores growth of the S. cerevisiae receptor strain on both maltose and maltotriose, whereas the closely related Mal31p supports growth on maltose only and Agt1p supports growth on a wider range of substrates, including maltose and maltotriose. Interestingly, Mty1p displays higher affinity for maltotriose than for maltose, a new feature among all the α-glucoside transporters described so far.

Digital x-ray mapping of nanometer-size supported bimetallic catalysts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
L. T. Germinario
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Metal Cluster ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Induced Changes

Understanding the role of metal cluster composition in determining catalytic selectivity and activity is of major interest in heterogeneous catalysis. The electron microscope is well established as a powerful tool for ultrastructural and compositional characterization of support and catalyst. Because the spatial resolution of x-ray microanalysis is defined by the smallest beam diameter into which the required number of electrons can be focused, the dedicated STEM with FEG is the instrument of choice. The main sources of errors in energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) are: (1) beam-induced changes in specimen composition, (2) specimen drift, (3) instrumental factors which produce background radiation, and (4) basic statistical limitations which result in the detection of a finite number of x-ray photons. Digital beam techniques have been described for supported single-element metal clusters with spatial resolutions of about 10 nm. However, the detection of spurious characteristic x-rays away from catalyst particles produced images requiring several image processing steps.

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