Spatial and Temporal Variations in Pigment and Species Compositions of Snow Algae on Mt. Tateyama in Toyama Prefecture, Japan

Snow algae are photosynthetic microbes that inhabit the melting snow surface in alpine and polar regions. We analyzed the pigment and species composition of colored snow collected on Mt. Tateyama in Japan during the melting seasons of 2015 and 2016. High-performance liquid chromatographic analyses of the pigments extracted from the colored snow showed that their composition varied within the study area and were classified into four types: Type A (astaxanthin-monoester dominant), Type B (medium astaxanthin-monoester content), Type C (abundant primary carotenoids and free-astaxanthin), and Type D (abundant primary carotenoids and astaxanthin diesters). Types A and B were most commonly observed in the study area, whereas Types C and D appeared only at specific sites. Analysis of the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene revealed six major amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of snow algae, belonging to the Sanguina, Chloromonas, and Chlainomonas groups. The relative abundance of the algal ASVs showed that Sanguina was dominant (>48%) in both Types A and B, suggesting that the difference in astaxanthin abundance between the two types was caused by the production of pigments in the algal cells. The algal community structures of Types C and D differed from those of Types A and B, indicating that the primary carotenoids and astaxanthin diesters were derived from certain algal species in these types. Therefore, astaxanthin-rich Sanguina algae mostly induced the red snow that appeared widely in this alpine area; however, they were partially dominated by Chloromonas or Chlainomonas algae, causing different pigment compositions.

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Isolation and Characterization of Methanothermobacter crinale sp. nov., a Novel Hydrogenotrophic Methanogen from the Shengli Oil Field

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.00210-11 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (15) ◽

pp. 5212-5219 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Lei Cheng ◽

Lirong Dai ◽

Xia Li ◽

Hui Zhang ◽

Yahai Lu

Keyword(s):

Oil Sands ◽

Type Strain ◽

High Performance ◽

Sequence Similarity ◽

Oil Field ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Content Type ◽

Chromatography Analysis ◽

Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenesis ◽

Isolation And Characterization

ABSTRACTSyntrophic acetate oxidation coupled with hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis is an alternative methanogenic pathway in certain thermophilic anaerobic environments such as high-temperature oil reservoirs and thermophilic biogas reactors. In these environments, the dominant thermophilic methanogens were generally related to uncultured organisms of the genusMethanothermobacter. Here we isolated two representative strains, Tm2Tand HMD, from the oil sands and oil production water in the Shengli oil field in the People's Republic of China. The type strain, Tm2T, was nonmotile and stained Gram positive. The cells were straight to slightly curved rods (0.3 μm in width and 2.2 to 5.9 μm in length), but some of them possessed a coccal shape connecting with the rods at the ends. Strain Tm2Tgrew with H2-CO2, but acetate is required. Optimum growth of strain Tm2Toccurred in the presence of 0.025 g/liter NaCl at pH 6.9 and a temperature of 65°C. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.1 mol% ± 1.3 mol% (by the thermal denaturation method) or 41.1 mol% (by high-performance liquid chromatography). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that Tm2Twas most closely related toMethanothermobacter thermautotrophicusΔHTandMethanothermobacter wolfeiiVKM B-1829T(both with a sequence similarity of 96.4%). Based on these phenotypic and phylogenic characteristics, a novel species was proposed and namedMethanothermobacter crinalesp. nov. The type strain is Tm2T(ACCC 00699T= JCM 17393T).

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Characterization of a Glycyl-Specific TET Aminopeptidase Complex from Pyrococcus horikoshii

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.00059-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 200 (17) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hind Basbous ◽

Alexandre Appolaire ◽

Eric Girard ◽

Bruno Franzetti

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Catalytic Efficiency ◽

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽

Biotechnological Applications ◽

Amidolytic Activity ◽

Pyrococcus Horikoshii ◽

Nickel Ions ◽

Content Type ◽

Liquid Chromatographic

ABSTRACT The TET peptidases are large self-compartmentalized complexes that form dodecameric particles. These metallopeptidases, members of the M42 family, are widely distributed in prokaryotes. Three different versions of TET complexes, with different substrate specificities, were found to coexist in the cytosol of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii. In the present work, we identified a novel type of TET complex that we named PhTET4. The recombinant PhTET4 enzyme was found to self-assemble as a tetrahedral edifice similar to other TET complexes. We determined PhTET4 substrate specificity using a broad range of monoacyl chromogenic and fluorogenic compounds. High-performance liquid chromatographic peptide degradation assays were also performed. These experiments demonstrated that PhTET4 is a strict glycyl aminopeptidase, devoid of amidolytic activity toward other types of amino acids. The catalytic efficiency of PhTET4 was studied under various conditions. The protein was found to be a hyperthermophilic alkaline aminopeptidase. Interestingly, unlike other peptidases from the same family, it was activated only by nickel ions. IMPORTANCE We describe here the first known peptidase displaying exclusive activity toward N-terminal glycine residues. This work indicates a specific role for intracellular glycyl peptidases in deep sea hyperthermophilic archaeal metabolism. These observations also provide critical evidence for the use of these archaeal extremozymes for biotechnological applications.

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Comparison of Fecal Microbiota between German Holstein Dairy Cows with and without Left-Sided Displacement of the Abomasum

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.02442-15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 1140-1143 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eun-Sik Song ◽

Sang Il Jung ◽

Hyung-Jin Park ◽

Kyoung-Won Seo ◽

Jeong-Hoon Son ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

High Performance ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

16S Rrna Gene Analysis ◽

Bacterial Composition ◽

Content Type ◽

Functional Aspects ◽

Holstein Dairy Cows

One of the most common diseases in high-performance German Holstein dairy cows is left-sided displacement of the abomasum (LDA). Hypomotility of the abomasum is detrimental during the pathogenesis of LDA. It is known that improper interactions between the gut microbiota and the enteric nervous system contribute to dysfunctions of gastrointestinal motility. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gut microbial composition will be different between German Holstein dairy cows with and without LDA. We used 16S rRNA gene analysis to evaluate whether there are any differences in bacterial composition between German Holstein dairy cows with and without LDA. Even though our data are limited to being used to correlate compositional changes with corresponding functional aspects in the pathogenesis of LDA, results from this study show that the fecal microbial compositions of German Holstein dairy cows with LDA shifted and were less diverse than those in normal cows. In particular,Spirochaeteswere absent in cows with LDA.

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Modern chromatographic method for estimating Loratadine and affections on healthcare

International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare ◽

10.1108/ijhrh-08-2021-0154 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

H.N.K. Al-Salman ◽

Qutaiba A. Qasim ◽

Rajaa Hussein Fayadh ◽

Hussein H. Hussein

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽

Uv Detector ◽

Content Type ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Dibasic Potassium Phosphate ◽

Reversal Phase ◽

Liquid Chromatographic ◽

Very High

Purpose The purpose of this study is to establish Loratadine [LRD] quantification in purified and capsule formulations using a precise and specific Reversal Phase with a very high-performance liquid Chromatographic [RP-HPLC] technique. The approach was evaluated in agreement with the principles of the International Conference on Harmonization [ICH]. Arcus EP-C18 Ion Pac column, 5 m, 4.6 mm, 250 mm, mobile phase Methanol: Acetonitrile (60:40) v/v. Dibasic potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2, flow rate 1.0 ml/min. Design/methodology/approach The HPLC system used a 340 nm UV detector for testing. A 10-min run time was used for the analysis. At concentrations ranging from 2 to 10 g/ml, the technique was linear (R2 = 0.9998), exact (intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviation [RSD] values 1.0%), accurate (range recovery = 96%–102%), exclusive and strong. Findings The detecting and quantitation limits were 0.92 g/ml and 2.15 g/ml, respectively. Originality/value The findings demonstrated that the proposed method could accurately determine LRD in bulk and pill dose formats quickly and accurately.

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O-Demethylation and Successive Oxidative Dechlorination of Methoxychlor by Bradyrhizobium sp. Strain 17-4, Isolated from River Sediment

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.01180-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 78 (15) ◽

pp. 5313-5319 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Koji Satsuma ◽

Minoru Masuda ◽

Kiyoshi Sato

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

River Sediment ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Individual Species ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Metabolic Reaction ◽

Content Type ◽

Initial Substrate ◽

Bradyrhizobium Sp ◽

Eukaryotic Organisms

ABSTRACTO-Demethylation of insecticide methoxychlor is well known as a phase I metabolic reaction in various eukaryotic organisms. Regarding prokaryotic organisms, however, no individual species involved in such reaction have been specified and characterized so far. Here we successfully isolated a bacterium that mediates oxidative transformation of methoxychlor, includingO-demethylation and dechlorination, from river sediment. The isolate was found to be closely related toBradyrhizobium elkaniiat the 16S rRNA gene sequence level (100% identical). However, based on some differences in the physiological properties of this bacterium, we determined that it was actually a different species,Bradyrhizobiumsp. strain 17-4. The isolate mediatedO-demethylation of methoxychlor to yield a monophenolic derivative [Mono-OH; 1,1,1-trichloro-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethane] as the primary degradation product. The chiral high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the isolate possesses high enantioselectivity favoring the formation of (S)-Mono-OH (nearly 100%). Accompanied by the sequentialO-demethylation to form the bis-phenolic derivative Bis-OH [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane], oxidative dechlorination of the side chain proceeded, and monophenolic carboxylic acid accumulated, followed by the formation of multiple unidentified polar degradation products. The breakdown proceeded more rapidly when reductively dechlorinated (dichloro-form) methoxychlor was applied as the initial substrate. The resultant carboxylic acids and polar degradation products are likely further biodegraded by ubiquitous bacteria. The isolate possibly plays an important role for complete degradation (mineralization) of methoxychlor by providing the readily biodegradable substrates.

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