scholarly journals Revealing the Genetic Components Responsible for the Unique Photosynthetic Stem Capability of the Wild Almond Prunus arabica (Olivier) Meikle

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillel Brukental ◽  
Adi Doron-Faigenboim ◽  
Irit Bar-Ya’akov ◽  
Rotem Harel-Beja ◽  
Ziv Attia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Deciduous Fruit Tree ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
Wild Almond ◽  
Carbohydrate Status

Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] is a major deciduous fruit tree crop worldwide. During dormancy, under warmer temperatures and inadequate chilling hours, the plant metabolic activity increases and may lead to carbohydrate deficiency. Prunus arabica (Olivier) Meikle is a bushy wild almond species known for its green, unbarked stem, which stays green even during the dormancy period. Our study revealed that P. arabica green stems assimilate significantly high rates of CO2 during the winter as compared to P. dulcis cv. Um el Fahem (U.E.F.) and may improve carbohydrate status throughout dormancy. To uncover the genetic inheritance and mechanism behind the P. arabica stem photosynthetic capability (SPC), a segregated F1 population was generated by crossing P. arabica to U.E.F. Both parent’s whole genome was sequenced, and SNP calling identified 4,887 informative SNPs for genotyping. A robust genetic map for U.E.F. and P. arabica was constructed (971 and 571 markers, respectively). QTL mapping and association study for the SPC phenotype revealed major QTL [log of odd (LOD) = 20.8] on chromosome 7 and another minor but significant QTL on chromosome 1 (LOD = 3.9). As expected, the P. arabica allele in the current loci significantly increased the SPC phenotype. Finally, a list of 64 candidate genes was generated. This work sets the stage for future research to investigate the mechanism regulating the SPC trait, how it affects the tree’s physiology, and its importance for breeding new cultivars better adapted to high winter temperatures.

scholarly journals Revealing the genetic components responsible for the unique photosynthetic stem capability of the wild almond Prunus arabica (Olivier) Meikle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillel Brukental ◽  
Adi Doron-Faigenboim ◽  
Irit Bar-Ya’akov ◽  
Rotem Harel-Beja ◽  
Ziv Attia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Deciduous Fruit Tree ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
Wild Almond ◽  
Carbohydrate Status

AbstractAlmond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb) is a major deciduous fruit tree crop worldwide. During dormancy, under warmer temperatures and inadequate chilling hours, the plant metabolic activity increases and may lead to carbohydrate deficiency. Prunus arabica (Olivier) Meikle is a bushy wild almond species known for its green, un-barked stem, which stays green even during the dormancy period. Our study revealed that P. arabica green stems assimilate significantly high rates of CO2 during the winter as compared to P. dulcis cv. Um el Fahem (U.E.F), and may improve carbohydrate status throughout dormancy. To uncover the genetic inheritance and mechanism behind the P. arabicaStem Photosynthetic Capability (SPC), a segregated F1 population was generated by crossing P. arabica to U.E.F. Both parent’s whole genome was sequenced, and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling identified 4,887 informative SNPs for genotyping. A robust genetic map for U.E.F and P. arabica was constructed (971 and 571 markers, respectively). QTL mapping and association study for the SPC phenotype revealed major QTL (log of odd (LOD)=20.8) on chromosome 7, and another minor but significant QTL on chromosome 1 (LOD=3.9). Finally, a list of 73 candidate genes was generated. This work sets the stage for future research to investigate the mechanism regulating the SPC trait, how it affects the tree’s physiology, and its importance for breeding new cultivars better adapted to high winter temperatures.

IPM case studies: deciduous fruit tree aphids.

2017 ◽  
pp. 632-642
Author(s):  
S. Barbagallo ◽  
G. E. M. Cocuzza ◽  
P. Cravedi ◽  
S. Komazaki
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Deciduous Fruit Tree

Deciduous Fruit Tree Cultivars for Tropical and Sub-Tropical Regions

Kew Bulletin ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
P. S. Green ◽  
H. C. Ruck
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Deciduous Fruit Tree

Distribution, diversity and potential agronomic value of Medicago polymorpha in Sardinia

1995 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Loi ◽  
C. Porqueddu ◽  
F. Veronesi ◽  
P. S. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Single Entry ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
To Come ◽  
Cluster 2 ◽  
Better Than

SUMMARYThirty-five populations of Medicago polymorpha were collected from throughout Sardinia (Italy) in 1989 with a view to developing pasture species suitable for improving degraded grasslands in the northern Mediterranean basin. Herbage and seed production were compared with the Australian cultivar, Circle Valley, over 2 years at Bonassai, north Sardinia. Regeneration in the 2 years after sowing and seed size were also estimated. All variables were related to collection site parameters using multivariate analysis.Herbage production varied between 2 and 8 t dry matter/ha, and up to 1·5 t/ha of seed was produced. K-means clustering of agronomic and morphological variables indicated that there were two groups present; one similar to variety polymorpha and one to variety vulgaris. There were two other single entry clusters, one of which contained cv. Circle Valley. Principal component analysis of the environmental variables indicated that cluster 1 (vulgaris) was more likely to come from mountainous areas where winter temperatures are low, and cluster 2 (polymorpha) from coastal areas where temperatures are mild. Regeneration of cluster 1 was better than that of cluster 2, which in turn was better than Circle Valley, indicating that populations in cluster 1 are better adapted to the management system imposed at Bonassai.The results indicate that M. polymorpha has considerable potential to improve the grasslands of Sardinia. However, it is unlikely that imported cultivars will be successful, and it seems important that the selection of local populations should continue. Commercial seed production in Sardinia is likely to be a problem, and grazing management under the conditions of communal ownership may have to be reviewed. It is important that future research and development involves farmers and other industry groups.

Phylogenetic relationships among the first and second introns of selected Prunus S-RNase genes

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1145-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Rahemi ◽  
Thomas M. Gradziel ◽  
Jose X. Chaparro ◽  
Kevin M. Folta ◽  
Toktam Taghavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
S Locus ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
Consensus Primer ◽  
S Alleles ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Wild Almond ◽  
Common Sequence

Rahemi, A., Gradziel T.M., Chaparro J.X., Folta, K.M., Taghavi, T., Fatahi, R., Ebadi, A. and Hassani, D. 2015. Phylogenetic relationships among the first and second introns of selected Prunus S-RNase genes. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1145–1154. To identify and evaluate self-incompatible alleles in almonds and related germplasm, DNA from 15 Prunus species was amplified using two degenerate consensus primer pairs flanking first and second S-locus introns (PaConsI-FD+EM-Pc1ConsRD and EM-Pc2ConsFD+EM-Pc3ConsRD). Twenty-eight amplified PCR products were analyzed by automated sequencer capillary electrophoresis. Sequenced fragments were aligned against available Prunus S-locus sequences in the National Center for Biotechnology Information and S-alleles identities were determined. The phylogenetic relationships between S-alleles in the germplasm studied were determined by the homology between their sequences and dendrograms were obtained for each primer pair. The Maximum Likelihood (homology) ranged from 84 to 100%. Most sequences were similar to cultivated almond (Prunus dulcis) or to the European wild almond (P. webbii). Twenty-six alleles for the first and the second introns were registered in the database in the GenBank. Two sequences of the first and second introns, which were taken from Prunus nairica and had similarity in GenBank, were registered in the database under a common sequence of the first and second intron. Analysis of phylogenetic relationships (dendrograms) among S-alleles from wild almond species as well as S-alleles cluster relations showed most pairs of alleles well supported by bootstrap.

scholarly journals Abscisic Acid as a Defoliant for Deciduous Fruit Tree Nursery Stock

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 474B-474
Author(s):  
Fenton E Larsen ◽  
Stewart S. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Tree Nursery ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Deciduous Fruit Tree

Artificial defoliation of deciduous fruit tree nursery stock is often necessary so that plants can be dug early enough to escape inclement fall weather. In this research, we assessed the efficacy of abscisic acid (ABA) as a defoliant. ABA was applied as a foliar spray at one of three concentrations—500, 1000, or 2000 ppm a.i. Trees were sprayed either once or twice for a total of six chemical treatments, plus untreated controls. The defoliation and growth responses of eight cultivars were evaluated with the cooperation of commercial nurseries in Washington State. While all treatments caused significantly greater defoliation than was observed in untreated trees, ABA at 500 ppm applied once or twice, or 1000 ppm applied only once, was generally sufficiently effective only on `Bartlett', `Gibson Golden Delicious', and `Law Red Rome', but not on `Imperial Gala', `Scarlet Spur Delicious', `Granny Smith', `Braeburn', or `Red Fuji'. Single or double applications of 2000 ppm or double applications of 1000 ppm often produced faster defoliation than double applications of 500 ppm, but defoliation was not always superior after 4 weeks. No pre-digging field damage was noted, but some treatments appeared to reduce trunk diameter increase after replanting, with no consistent trends among cultivars, except with `Bartlett' pear, which was frequently negatively affected. ABA appears to be very promising as a nursery tree defoliant.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization and Relatedness among California Almond Cultivars and Breeding Lines Detected by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bartolozzi ◽  
M.L. Warburton ◽  
S. Arulsekar ◽  
T.M. Gradziel
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Bud Sport ◽  
Wild Almond ◽  
Variable Group

Almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb, syn. P. amygdalus, Batsch; P. communis (I.) Archangeli] represents a morphologically and physiologically variable group of populations that evolved primarily in central and southwest Asia. California cultivars have been developed from highly selected subgroups of these populations, while new breeding lines have incorporated germplasm from wild almond and closely related peach species. The genetic relatedness among 17 almond genotypes and 1 peach genotype was estimated using 37 RAPD markers. Genetic diversity within almond was found to be limited despite its need for obligate outcrossing. Three groupings of cultivar origins could be distinguished by RAPD analysis: bud-sport mutations, progeny from interbreeding of early California genotypes, and progeny from crosses to genotypes outside the California germplasm. A similarity index based on the proportion of shared fragments showed relatively high levels of 0.75 or greater within the almond germplasm. The level of similarity between almond and the peach was 0.424 supporting the value of peach germplasm to future almond genetic improvement.

scholarly journals Abscisic Acid as a Potential Deciduous Fruit Tree Nursery Stock Defoliant

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Fenton E. Larsen ◽  
Stewart S. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Pyrus Communis ◽  
Fruit Tree ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Deciduous Fruit ◽  
Deciduous Fruit Tree ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
Application Protocols

Abscisic acid (ABA) was tested as a defoliant for nursery trees of `Bartlett' pear (Pyrus communis L.) and the apple (Malus×domestica Borkh.) cultivars Imperial Gala, Gibson Golden Delicious, Scarlet Spur Delicious, Law Red Rome, Granny Smith, Braeburn, and Red Fuji. ABA was sprayed once or twice, with 1 intervening week, at 500, 1000, or 2000 ppm. Percentage defoliation was assessed at 1-week intervals for 4 weeks. For all cultivars, two applications of 2000 ppm ABA ranked among the most effective treatments for rapid defoliation; this treatment led to at least 95% defoliation for all cultivars. For many cultivars, however, other treatments caused similar defoliation percentages by digging time. All tested cultivars were effectively defoliated (>80%) by two 1000-ppm applications ABA or one 2000-ppm application. One or two 500-ppm applications effectively defoliated `Bartlett', `Gibson Golden Delicious', and `Law Red Rome'. Nursery managers, therefore, need to consider a range of ABA concentrations and alternative application protocols to obtain optimum benefit from ABA. Although ABA shows promise as a defoliant, it lacks government approval for commercial use.

scholarly journals Frontotemporal Dementia, Manifested as Schizophrenia, with Decreased Heterochromatin on Chromosome 1

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippos Gourzis ◽  
Maria Skokou ◽  
Panagiotis Polychronopoulos ◽  
Evanthia Soubasi ◽  
Irene-Eva Triantaphyllidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Defect ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Sexual Disinhibition ◽  
Spect Scan

Introduction. Frontotemporal dementia is a disorder of complex etiology, with genetic components contributing to the disease. The aim of this report is to describe a young patient suffering from frontotemporal dementia, misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, related to a genetic defect on chromosome 1.Case Presentation. A 29-year-old female patient, previously diagnosed as having schizophrenia, was hospitalized with severe behavioural disturbances. She demonstrated severe sexual disinhibition, hyperphagia, lack of motivation, apathy, psychotic symptoms, suicidal thoughts, and cognitive deterioration. Focal atrophy of frontal and anterior temporal structures bilaterally was found on brain MRI, as well as bifrontal hypo perfusion of the brain on SPECT scan. The diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia was made clinically, according to Lund and Manchester groups and Neary diagnostic criteria. Chromosomal analysis was conducted and revealed decrease in length of heterochromatin on the long arm of chromosome 1 (46, XX, 1qh-). Parental karyotypes were normal.Discussion. Frontotemporal dementia, and particularly early-onset cases, can be often misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, with negative impact on case management. Genetic testing could be an aid to the correct diagnosis, which is crucial for optimal patient care.

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