scholarly journals The Effect of Target Sex, Sexual Dimorphism, and Facial Attractiveness on Perceptions of Target Attractiveness and Trustworthiness

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyan Hu ◽  
Najam ul Hasan Abbasi ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Hong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Facial Attractiveness

scholarly journals Biological Bases of Beauty Revisited: The Effect of Symmetry, Averageness, and Sexual Dimorphism on Female Facial Attractiveness

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex L. Jones ◽  
Bastian Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Choice Task ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Female ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Skin Texture ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
Forced Choice Task

The factors influencing human female facial attractiveness—symmetry, averageness, and sexual dimorphism—have been extensively studied. However, recent studies, using improved methodologies, have called into question their evolutionary utility and links with life history. The current studies use a range of approaches to quantify how important these factors actually are in perceiving attractiveness, through the use of novel statistical analyses and by addressing methodological weaknesses in the literature. Study One examines how manipulations of symmetry, averageness, femininity, and masculinity affect attractiveness using a two-alternative forced choice task, finding that increased masculinity and also femininity decrease attractiveness, compared to unmanipulated faces. Symmetry and averageness yielded a small and large effect, respectively. Study Two utilises a naturalistic ratings paradigm, finding similar effects of averageness and masculinity as Study One but no effects of symmetry and femininity on attractiveness. Study Three applies geometric face measurements of the factors and a random forest machine learning algorithm to predict perceived attractiveness, finding that shape averageness, dimorphism, and skin texture symmetry are useful features capable of relatively accurate predictions, while shape symmetry is uninformative. However, the factors do not explain as much variance in attractiveness as the literature suggests. The implications for future research on attractiveness are discussed.

scholarly journals Symmetry, sexual dimorphism in facial proportions and male facial attractiveness

2001 ◽  
Vol 268 (1476) ◽  
pp. 1617-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. S. Penton-Voak ◽  
B. C. Jones ◽  
A. C. Little ◽  
S. Baker ◽  
B. Tiddeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Facial Proportions

Roles of social knowledge and sexual dimorphism in the evaluation of facial attractiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 103963
Author(s):  
Xiujuan Wang ◽  
Shen Liu ◽  
Shangfeng Han ◽  
Yetong Gan ◽  
Wanyue Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Social Knowledge

scholarly journals Estimating the Sex-Specific Effects of Genes on Facial Attractiveness and Sexual Dimorphism

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorian G. Mitchem ◽  
Alicia M. Purkey ◽  
Nicholas M. Grebe ◽  
Gregory Carey ◽  
Christine E. Garver-Apgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Specific Effects

scholarly journals Comparing theory-driven and data-driven attractiveness models using images of real women’s faces

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Jasmin Holzleitner ◽  
Anthony J Lee ◽  
Amanda Hahn ◽  
Michal Kandrik ◽  
Jeanne Bovet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Neutral Model ◽  
Face Images

Facial attractiveness plays a critical role in social interaction, influencing many different social outcomes. However, the factors that influence facial attractiveness judgments remain relatively poorly understood. Here, we used a sample of 594 young adult female face images to compare the performance of existing theory-driven models of facial attractiveness and a data-driven (i.e., theory-neutral) model. Our data-driven model and a theory-driven model including various traits commonly studied in facial attractiveness research (asymmetry, averageness, sexual dimorphism, body mass index, and representational sparseness) performed similarly well. By contrast, univariate theory-driven models performed relatively poorly. These results (1) highlight the utility of data driven models of facial attractiveness and (2) suggest that theory-driven research on facial attractiveness would benefit from greater adoption of multivariate approaches, rather than the univariate approaches that they currently almost exclusively employ.

scholarly journals Effect of averageness and sexual dimorphism on the judgment of facial attractiveness

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 862-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Komori ◽  
Satoru Kawamura ◽  
Shigekazu Ishihara
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Facial Attractiveness

Effects of sexual dimorphism on facial attractiveness

Nature ◽  
10.1038/29772 ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 394 (6696) ◽  
pp. 884-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Perrett ◽  
K. J. Lee ◽  
I. Penton-Voak ◽  
D. Rowland ◽  
S. Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Facial Attractiveness

scholarly journals Cues for facial attractiveness and preference of sexual dimorphism: A comparison across five cultures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Fiala ◽  
Vít Třebický ◽  
Juan David Leongómez ◽  
Petr Tureček ◽  
Farid Pazhoohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Facial Cues ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Sexual Shape Dimorphism ◽  
Facial Images ◽  
Strength Of Association ◽  
Adaptive Pattern

It has been hypothesised that the strength of association between sex typicality and attractiveness follows an adaptive pattern across cultures. Such pattern allows for adjustment of individual preferences for facial cues associated with direct (parenting) and indirect (biological quality) benefits from mating with a potential mate according to environmental conditions. To test this hypothesis, we examined associations among intra-culturally perceived sex typicality, attractiveness, measured skin lightness, measured averageness, and sexual dimorphism of shape from facial images, while controlling for age, body mass, and facial width, in five distinct cultures with different environmental and socioeconomic conditions (Cameroon, N of facial stimuli = 200, 100 women; Colombia, N = 138, 66 women; Czechia, N = 100, 50 women; Iran, N = 87, 43 women; and Turkey, N = 185, 93 women). Our results suggest that measured sexual shape dimorphism and averageness are not significantly associated with neither perceived sex typicality nor attractiveness across the cultures. In all samples of female faces, however, perceived sex typicality was positively related to facial attractiveness. Women found perceived sex typicality in men as more attractive only in the Czech environment, with its relatively abundant resources, and in Colombia, which is a highly socioeconomically heterogeneous and competitive culture. Lighter skin raised the ratings of both attractiveness and sex typicality only in Cameroonian women. Darker men were perceived significantly more sex-typical but not more attractive in Cameroonian, Colombian, and Iranian samples. Altogether, our results highlight the need to control for which measure of sexual dimorphism is used (perceived or measured) and make a detailed description of the local environment. It is the perceived, rather than measured, sexual dimorphism that is associated with perceived attractiveness, and wealth distribution, rather than public, health that seems to affect masculinity preferences.

scholarly journals A new data-driven mathematical model dissociates attractiveness from sexual dimorphism of human faces

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koyo Nakamura ◽  
Katsumi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Facial Attractiveness ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
True Preference ◽  
Facial Stimuli ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Human Faces ◽  
Perceived Attractiveness

Abstract Human facial attractiveness is evaluated by using multiple cues. Among others, sexual dimorphism (i.e. masculinity for male faces/femininity for female faces) is an influential factor of perceived attractiveness. Since facial attractiveness is judged by incorporating sexually dimorphic traits as well as other cues, it is theoretically possible to dissociate sexual dimorphism from facial attractiveness. This study tested this by using a data-driven mathematical modelling approach. We first analysed the correlation between perceived masculinity/femininity and attractiveness ratings for 400 computer-generated male and female faces (Experiment 1) and found positive correlations between perceived femininity and attractiveness for both male and female faces. Using these results, we manipulated a set of faces along the attractiveness dimension while controlling for sexual dimorphism by orthogonalisation with data-driven mathematical models (Experiment 2). Our results revealed that perceived attractiveness and sexual dimorphism are dissociable, suggesting that there are as yet unidentified facial cues other than sexual dimorphism that contribute to facial attractiveness. Future studies can investigate the true preference of sexual dimorphism or the genuine effects of attractiveness by using well-controlled facial stimuli like those that this study generated. The findings will be of benefit to the further understanding of what makes a face attractive.

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