scholarly journals Testing for Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Domestic Horses (Equus caballus) Across Different Contexts – Consistency Over Time and Effects of Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Safryghin ◽  
Denise V. Hebesberger ◽  
Claudia A. F. Wascher
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Social instigation and repeated aggressive confrontations in male Swiss mice: analysis of plasma corticosterone, CRF and BDNF levels in limbic brain areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Madeira Fortes ◽  
Lucas Albrechet-Souza ◽  
Mailton Vasconcelos ◽  
Bruna Maria Ascoli ◽  
Ana Paula Menegolla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Corticotropin Releasing Factor ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Swiss Mice ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Resident Intruder

Abstract Introduction: Agonistic behaviors help to ensure survival, provide advantage in competition, and communicate social status. The resident-intruder paradigm, an animal model based on male intraspecific confrontations, can be an ethologically relevant tool to investigate the neurobiology of aggressive behavior. Objectives: To examine behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behavior in male Swiss mice exposed to repeated confrontations in the resident intruder paradigm. Methods: Behavioral analysis was performed in association with measurements of plasma corticosterone of mice repeatedly exposed to a potential rival nearby, but inaccessible (social instigation), or to 10 sessions of social instigation followed by direct aggressive encounters. Moreover, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) were measured in the brain of these animals. Control mice were exposed to neither social instigation nor aggressive confrontations. Results: Mice exposed to aggressive confrontations exhibited a similar pattern of species-typical aggressive and non-aggressive behaviors on the first and the last session. Moreover, in contrast to social instigation only, repeated aggressive confrontations promoted an increase in plasma corticosterone. After 10 aggressive confrontation sessions, mice presented a non-significant trend toward reducing hippocampal levels of CRF, which inversely correlated with plasma corticosterone levels. Conversely, repeated sessions of social instigation or aggressive confrontation did not alter BDNF concentrations at the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Conclusion: Exposure to repeated episodes of aggressive encounters did not promote habituation over time. Additionally, CRF seems to be involved in physiological responses to social stressors.

scholarly journals Cross-modal perception of human emotion in domestic horses (Equus caballus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Nakamura ◽  
Ayaka Takimoto-Inose ◽  
Toshikazu Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Human Emotion ◽  
Domestic Horses

scholarly journals Ventilatory frequency as a measure of the response of tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) to the odour of potential predators

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina S. A. Mella ◽  
Christine E. Cooper ◽  
Stephen J. J. F. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Response ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ventilatory Frequency ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Over Time

This study uses changes in ventilatory frequency to quantify the physiological response of an Australian terrestrial herbivore, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), to olfactory cues suggesting the presence of potential predators. Ventilatory frequency proved to be a quantifiable measure to assess the response of this macropod marsupial to olfactory cues. Ventilatory frequency increased from mean resting levels of 45 ± 5.1 breaths min–1 to 137 ± 11.2 breaths min–1 during the first minute of exposure to all odours. These physiological responses diminished over time, with ventilatory frequency in the first minute after introduction of the scents greater than that during the subsequent four, suggesting that the initial reaction was due to disturbance and was investigative in nature. However, the ratio of ventilatory frequency in the remaining 4 min after introduction of the odours compared with before was greater for fox (3.58 ± 0.918) and cat (2.44 ± 0.272) odours than for snake (2.27 ± 0.370), distilled water (1.81 ± 0.463) and quoll (1.71 ± 0.245) odours, suggesting that fox and cat odour provoked a greater response. However, the wallabies’ response to the odour of these introduced predators and to horse odour (2.40 ± 0.492) did not differ. Our study indicates that a long period of co-history with particular predators is not a prerequisite for detection of potentially threatening species. We do not find any support for the hypothesis that an inability to interpret olfactory cues to detect and respond to potential predation by introduced predators is responsible for the decline of these macropod marsupials.

scholarly journals Low plasma cortisol and fecal cortisol metabolite measures as indicators of compromised welfare in domestic horses (Equus caballus)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0182257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi Pawluski ◽  
Patrick Jego ◽  
Séverine Henry ◽  
Anaelle Bruchet ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Fecal Cortisol ◽  
Domestic Horses

Factors affecting mutual grooming and play behaviour in a group of domestic horses (Equus caballus)

2006 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 193-197
Author(s):  
M. Hannan ◽  
I. Draganova ◽  
L. Dumbell
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Play Behaviour ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
Free Ranging

Horses are a gregarious species with strong social bonds between individuals and when under free-ranging conditions, form family bands or herds (Tyler, 1979; Wells and Goldschmidt-Rothschild, 1979). Each herd contains small bands of roughly 3 adult horses (1 stallion, 2-3 mares) plus their most recent offspring (Linklater et al., 1999). There are also bachelor groups composed of males that are either too young for their own harems, or can no longer defend the harems they once had (Waring, 1983). As horses live in groups they have evolved a complex behaviour repertoire in order to communicate. Mutual grooming and play are two such behaviours that have been widely studied in both domestic and feral horses, however the results from studies on their influencing factors have been contradictory. Mutual grooming has the obvious function of coat care and parasite removal; moreover, it has also been implicated in forming and maintaining bonds between horses in a herd (Waring, 1983).

A first comparison of bone histomorphometry in extant domestic horses ( Equus caballus ) and a Pleistocene Indian wild horse ( Equus namadicus )

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 448-460
Author(s):  
Marco ZEDDA ◽  
Vijay SATHE ◽  
Prateek CHAKRABORTY ◽  
Maria Rita PALOMBO ◽  
Vittorio FARINA
Keyword(s):  
Bone Histomorphometry ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
Wild Horse ◽  
Domestic Horses

Intestinal ciliates (Alveolata, Ciliophora) in Brazilian domestic horses (Equus caballus L.) and a review on the ciliate communities associated with horses around the world

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4585 (3) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
FRANCIANE CEDROLA ◽  
SUYANE BORDIM ◽  
MARTA D’AGOSTO ◽  
ROBERTO JÚNIO PEDROSO DIAS
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Equus Caballus ◽  
American Continent ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Equus Asinus ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Tapirus Terrestris ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
First Time

The aims of this study were to identify and quantify the gastrointestinal ciliates from Brazilian domestic horses, to compare the data obtained with previous studies and to review data on ciliate communities associated with horses around the world. We used eight domestic horses, kept under extensive management. Fecal samples were obtained immediately after defecation of animals and fixed in 18.5% formaldehyde. We identify 24 species of endosymbiotic ciliates, distributed in two subclasses, two orders, five families and 13 genera. The ciliate composition was similar among the animals analyzed. The family Blepharocorythidae presented the higher prevalence and the family Buetschliidae was observed in greater abundance and density. Among the species identified, Cycloposthium dentiferum was observed for the first time in Central and South America and Bundleia elongata, B. inflata, B. piriformis, B. vorax and Cycloposthium psicauda, were observed for the first time in the American continent. In addition, the species Buissonella tapiri, which was originally discovered in fecal contents of the American tapir (Tapirus terrestris) in Brazil was observed for the first time associated to Equus caballus. The review on the ciliate communities associated with horses around the world demonstrated that the equine ciliates are a very diversified group with representatives in two subclasses, Suctoria and Trichostomatia, totaling 78 species distributed in three orders and six families, having been registered in different equine hosts (Equus asinus, Equus caballus and Equus quagga) and geographic locations (USA, China, Russia, Taiwan, Mexico, Cyprus, Turkey, Kyrgyzstan and Brazil). 

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