scholarly journals Attitudes Toward Organ Donation for Persons Who Have a Substance Use Disorder Relative to Other Health Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn J. Grubb ◽  
Cecilia L. Bergeria ◽  
Andrew S. Huhn ◽  
Kelly E. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Priority Ranking

Background: Increases in opioid-related overdose and death have led to increases in the number of organs available for donation and transplant, however persons who have a substance use disorder (SUD) may be disadvantaged relative to other health conditions with regard to receiving an organ for transplant.Objective: This study aimed to evaluate perceptions regarding acceptability and priority for organ donation vs. a control condition (resuscitation) for hypothetical persons with nine target health conditions including a substance use disorder, among persons recruited as part of an online survey.Methods: Respondents (N = 285; male = 172, female = 113) recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk rated acceptability and priority that hypothetical persons representing nine target health conditions expected to influence transplant success (including a SUD) receive an organ transplant and resuscitation via a survey hosted by Qualtrics. Primary outcomes of stigma ratings and priority ranking of persons as a function of the hypothetical target health condition were analyzed using Repeated Measures Analyses of Variance and Bonferroni-corrected t-tests. Demographic information was presented descriptively for all respondents.Results: Ratings for acceptability and priority for persons who had a SUD were generally lower than ratings for other conditions for both organ for transplant and resuscitation, though respondents reported less stigma toward resuscitation, F(8) = 22.35, p <0.001 overall. Respondents were least supportive of persons who smoked cigarettes receiving an organ, p's < 0.001. Priority rankings favored persons who were young or had a history of heart disease. Multivariable models determined that target health condition, F(8) = 33.64, p < 0.001, was a better and more consistent predictor of response than demographic variables that were examined.Conclusions: Data suggest that general perception of acceptability and priority ranking for receipt of life-saving interventions was lower for persons who have a SUD relative to other clinically-relevant health conditions. Research to examine this effect among persons working in the donation system are warranted and efforts to reduce stigma toward persons who have a SUD should be continued.

scholarly journals Does the efficacy of asenapine in bipolar disorder increase in the presence of comorbidity with a substance use disorder? A naturalistic study

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio De Filippis ◽  
Ilaria Cuomo ◽  
Georgios D. Kotzalidis ◽  
Daniela Pucci ◽  
Pietro Zingaretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Type I ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Young Mania ◽  
Psychiatric Rating ◽  
Psychiatric Rating Scale

Background: Asenapine is a second-generation antipsychotic approved in Europe for treating moderate-to-severe manic episodes in adults affected by type I bipolar disorder (BD-I). We aimed to compare its efficacy in psychiatric inpatients with BD-I, with or without substance use disorder (SUD). Methods: We administered flexible asenapine doses ranging from 5–20 mg/day to 119 voluntarily hospitalized patients with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) BD-I diagnosis, with or without SUD. Patients were assessed with clinician-rated questionnaires [i.e. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF)]. Assessments were carried out at baseline (T0, prior to treatment), and 3 (T1), 7 (T2), 15 (T3), and 30 days (T4) after starting treatment for all clinical scales and at T0 and T4 for the GAF. Results: Patients improved on all scales ( p < 0.001) across all timepoints, as shown both by paired-sample comparisons and by applying a repeated-measures, generalized linear model (GLM). Patients without comorbid SUD showed greater reductions in BPRS scores at T2 and T3, greater reduction in YMRS scores at T3, and lower HARS scores at all timepoints. HDRS scores did not differ between the two groups at any timepoint. However, the reduction in HARS scores in the comorbid group was stronger than in the BD-I only group, albeit not significantly. Side effects were few and mild-to-moderate. Conclusions: The open-label design and the relatively short observation period may expose to both type I and type II statistical errors (false positive and false negatives). Asenapine showed effectiveness and safety in hospitalized BD-I patients. Its effect was stronger in patients without comorbid SUD.

scholarly journals Perception of Health Conditions and Test Availability as Predictors of Adults’ Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Study of Adults in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyang Dai ◽  
Stephen X. Zhang ◽  
Kim Hoe Looi ◽  
Rui Su ◽  
Jizhen Li
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Curvilinear Relationships ◽  
Perception Of Health ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Research identifying adults’ mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic relies solely on demographic predictors without examining adults’ health condition as a potential predictor. This study aims to examine individuals’ perception of health conditions and test availability as potential predictors of mental health—insomnia, anxiety, depression, and distress—during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey of 669 adults in Malaysia was conducted during 2–8 May 2020, six weeks after the Movement Control Order (MCO) was issued. We found adults’ perception of health conditions had curvilinear relationships (horizontally reversed J-shaped) with insomnia, anxiety, depression, and distress. Perceived test availability for COVID-19 also had curvilinear relationships (horizontally reversed J-shaped) with anxiety and depression. Younger adults reported worse mental health, but people from various religions and ethnic groups did not differ significantly in reported mental health. The results indicated that adults with worse health conditions had more mental health problems, and the worse degree deepened for unhealthy people. Perceived test availability negatively predicted anxiety and depression, especially for adults perceiving COVID-19 test unavailability. The significant predictions of perceived health condition and perceived COVID-19 test availability suggest a new direction for the literature to identify the psychiatric risk factors directly from health-related variables during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Community Rehabilitation and Hospitalizations Among People With Chronic Psychotic Disorder: Is There a Differential Association by Co-occurring Substance Use Disorder?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Florentin ◽  
Paola Rosca ◽  
Tali Bdolah-Abram ◽  
Yehuda Neumark
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Case Register ◽  
Community Rehabilitation

Objective: Co-occurrence of chronic psychotic disorders and substance use disorder (SUD) is clinically challenging and increasingly prevalent. In 2000, legislation was passed in Israel to foster rehabilitation and integration in the community of persons with mental health disorders. In 2010, the need to allocate resources for patients with these co-occurring disorders (COD) was officially recognized. Yet, most rehabilitation services were not specifically designed for COD. This study examines the relationship between duration of community rehabilitation and number of psychiatric hospitalization days among persons with/without COD in Israel.Methods: Data from the National Psychiatric Case Register on 18,684 adults with schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorders hospitalized in 1963–2016, was merged with data from the Israel Mental Rehabilitation Register. Associations and interactions between COD-status (COD/non-COD), time-period (Period1: 2001–2009, Period2: 2010–2016), duration of housing or vocational rehabilitation on hospitalization days per year were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.Results: The proportion of non-COD chronic psychotic patients who received rehabilitation services increased from 56% in Period1 to 63% in Period2, as it did among COD patients—from 30 to 35%. The proportion of non-COD patients who received longer-duration vocational rehabilitation (≥1 year) was significantly higher (43%) than among COD patients (28%) in both time periods. For housing rehabilitation, these proportions were 79 and 68%, respectively. Persons with COD experienced more hospitalization days annually than non-COD patients. Duration of rehabilitation (less/more than a year) was inversely associated with annual number of hospitalization days (p &lt; 0.0001). This pattern was noted in both COD and non-COD groups and remained significant after controlling for age, sex, COD group, percent of hospitalizations with SUD, and age at first hospitalization.Conclusions: COD patients with prolonged rehabilitation seemingly achieve long-term clinical improvement similar to non-COD patients, despite most rehabilitation settings in Israel not being designed for COD patients. Yet, COD patients receive overall less rehabilitation services and for shorter periods than non-COD patients. Long-term rehabilitation services should be provided to COD patients, who may need more time to commit to treatment. To achieve better long-term mental health improvements, a continued expansion of community-based integrative treatment and rehabilitation services for COD patients is needed in Israel.

scholarly journals Keep Calm and Study Abroad: The Effect of Learning Abroad on Student Mental Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Bathke ◽  
Yang-Hyang (Ryoka) Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Study Abroad ◽  
International Education ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Student Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
The University

This research set out to discover whether statistics would support the belief in the international education field that the stress of going abroad (adjusting to a new culture, missing home, being away from support network, etc.) can trigger mental health conditions in students participating in learning abroad programs. The study sought to glean on overall picture of student mental health abroad, as well as determine the percentage of students studying abroad who reported experiencing a diagnosed mental health condition while abroad, the nature of these diagnosed mental health conditions, the frequency of relapse/recurrence of existing conditions while abroad, the frequency and type of treatment received, and local attitude toward mental health conditions. The research was conducted by means of an online survey administered by the University of Minnesota’s Office of Measurement Services, which was sent by email to people who had participated in study abroad through the University of Minnesota’s Learning Abroad Center between Summer 2009 and Spring 2012, a total of 7,191 students. As the Learning Abroad Center, while serving University of Minnesota students first and foremost, also acts as a program provider recruiting students nationally, the participants’ home institutions were likely dozens of universities nationwide (though home institution information was not collected). We received 613 responses for a response rate of 8.52%. The data from the survey suggest, surprisingly, that in general, student mental health actually improves while abroad, an in fact, that skills learned during an international experience may contribute to improved mental health upon return.

scholarly journals A framework for self-experimentation in personalized health

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Karkar ◽  
Jasmine Zia ◽  
Roger Vilardaga ◽  
Sonali R Mishra ◽  
James Fogarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Personalized Health

Objective To describe an interdisciplinary and methodological framework for applying single case study designs to self-experimentation in personalized health. The authors examine the framework’s applicability to various health conditions and present an initial case study with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods and Materials An in-depth literature review was performed to develop the framework and to identify absolute and desired health condition requirements for the application of this framework. The authors developed mobile application prototypes, storyboards, and process flows of the framework using IBS as the case study. The authors conducted three focus groups and an online survey using a human-centered design approach for assessing the framework’s feasibility. Results All 6 focus group participants had a positive view about our framework and volunteered to participate in future studies. Most stated they would trust the results because it was their own data being analyzed. They were most concerned about confounds, nonmeaningful measures, and erroneous assumptions on the timing of trigger effects. Survey respondents (N = 60) were more likely to be adherent to an 8- vs 12-day study length even if it meant lower confidence results. Discussion Implementation of the self-experimentation framework in a mobile application appears to be feasible for people with IBS. This framework can likely be applied to other health conditions. Considerations include the learning curve for teaching self-experimentation to non-experts and the challenges involved in operationalizing and customizing study designs. Conclusion Using mobile technology to guide people through self-experimentation to investigate health questions is a feasible and promising approach to advancing personalized health.

Association of co-occurring psychosocial health conditions and HIV infection among MSM in Malaysia: Implication of a syndemic effect

2020 ◽  
pp. 095646242091344
Author(s):  
Rong Xiang Ng ◽  
Thomas E Guadamuz ◽  
Mohd Akbar ◽  
Adeeba Kamarulzaman ◽  
Sin How Lim
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Anal Intercourse ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Hiv Risks ◽  
Condomless Anal Intercourse

In Malaysia, the HIV epidemic is concentrated in a highly stigmatized population, men who have sex with men (MSM). The relationship of multiple psychosocial health conditions and HIV risks have not been investigated. This study aims to assess the association of multiple psychosocial factors with risky sexual behaviour and HIV infection among MSM. Data on demographic characteristics, psychosocial health conditions, condomless anal intercourse (CAI), HIV testing and HIV status were collected via an anonymous online survey. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to determine whether psychosocial health conditions among MSM have a syndemic association with HIV status. Between July 2017 and February 2018, 622 MSM completed the online survey. Overall, 54.3% of participants reported engaging in CAI in the past three months and 46.0% were found to have two or more psychosocial health conditions. Increasing numbers of psychosocial health conditions (1, 2, 3, 4 or more) were significantly associated with HIV infection compared to those without psychosocial health condition (odds ratio [OR] 3.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41–8.14; OR 3.51, 95% CI: 1.43–8.61; OR 4.22, 95% CI: 1.68–10.96, and OR 7.58, 95% CI: 2.44–23.55, respectively). Comprehensive HIV prevention programs addressing mental health and substance use are needed for MSM in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Perceptions of Canadian Federal Policy Responses to COVID-19 among People with Disabilities and Chronic Health Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pettinicchio ◽  
Michelle Lee Maroto ◽  
Martin Lukk
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Liberal Party ◽  
Chronic Health ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Political Partisanship ◽  
Canadian Public Policy

This study examines how people with disabilities and chronic health conditions—members of a large and diverse group often overlooked by Canadian public policy—are making sense of the Canadian federal government's response to COVID-19. Using original national online survey data collected in June 2020 (N=1,027), we investigate how members of this group view the government's overall response. Although survey results show broad support for the federal government's pandemic response, findings also indicate fractures based on disability type and specific health condition, political partisanship, region, and experiences with COVID-19. Among these, identification with the Liberal party and receipt of CERB stand out as associated with more positive views. Further examination of qualitative responses shows that these views are also linked to differing perspectives surrounding government benefits and spending, partisan divisions, as well as other social and cultural cleavages.

scholarly journals Exploratory Factor Analysis for Identifying Comorbidities as Risk Factors Among Patients with Cied

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Bernadett-Miriam Dobai ◽  
Laszlo Barna Iantovics ◽  
Andreea Paiu
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Principal Axis ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices ◽  
Comorbidity Index ◽  
Principal Axis Factoring

Abstract The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 affected care both for acute and chronic health conditions. Majority of the patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) have multiple comorbidities, which can influence their response to COVID-19. An online survey consisting of 45 multiple-choice question was designed for CIED patients assessing comorbidities and overall health condition during September -December 2020. A multivariate analysis based on principal axis factoring (PAF) was performed on the eligible 184 survey response. Three factors were identified. Ten-year survival rates were calculated with Charlson Comorbidity Index. The extracted factors explained 66.1% of the cumulative variance and were consistent with medical literature data.

scholarly journals Pre-existing Health Conditions and the Risk of Injury from Hot Yoga Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Mace Firebaugh ◽  
Brandon Eggleston ◽  
Michelle Beaupre
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Adverse Outcome ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Yoga Practice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Squared

Introduction: The number of individuals practicing hot yoga across the United States has increased over the past decade, though the risks of hot yoga practice are not yet fully understood. The American population in general has a high prevalence of a number of chronic health conditions including heart disease, asthma, and diabetes. However, the risks for individuals with these pre-existing health conditions have not yet been identified. Methods: A large cross-sectional study (n=700) was conducted via online survey. Results: A Chi-squared analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between various pre-existing health conditions and the incidence of an adverse outcome related to participation in hot yoga practice. Discussion: Every pre-existing health condition recorded in this study was a risk factor for at least one adverse outcome resulting from hot yoga practice. Further study is required to verify populations most at risk and preventing injury or illness resulting from hot yoga participation. Conclusion: Little is known about the risks of hot yoga practice for those with various health conditions. This paper outlines the associations between hot yoga injuries and adverse outcomes and pre-existing health conditions. Keywords: Hot Yoga, Risks, Injuries, Pre-existing Conditions, Safety

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