scholarly journals Nutritional Ketosis as a Potential Treatment for Alcohol Use Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikrant R. Mahajan ◽  
Sophie K. Elvig ◽  
Leandro F. Vendruscolo ◽  
George F. Koob ◽  
Valerie L. Darcey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Acetate Metabolism ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Craving

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder, characterized by compulsive alcohol seeking and disrupted brain function. In individuals with AUD, abstinence from alcohol often precipitates withdrawal symptoms than can be life threatening. Here, we review evidence for nutritional ketosis as a potential means to reduce withdrawal and alcohol craving. We also review the underlying mechanisms of action of ketosis. Several findings suggest that during alcohol intoxication there is a shift from glucose to acetate metabolism that is enhanced in individuals with AUD. During withdrawal, there is a decline in acetate levels that can result in an energy deficit and could contribute to neurotoxicity. A ketogenic diet or ingestion of a ketone ester elevates ketone bodies (acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate and acetone) in plasma and brain, resulting in nutritional ketosis. These effects have been shown to reduce alcohol withdrawal symptoms, alcohol craving, and alcohol consumption in both preclinical and clinical studies. Thus, nutritional ketosis may represent a unique treatment option for AUD: namely, a nutritional intervention that could be used alone or to augment the effects of medications.

Effects of multiple detoxifications on withdrawal symptoms, psychiatric distress and alcohol-craving in patients with an alcohol use disorder

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Martha Ooms ◽  
Hendrik G. Roozen ◽  
Juul H. Willering ◽  
Wobbe P. Zijlstra ◽  
Ranne de Waart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Craving ◽  
Psychiatric Distress

scholarly journals Alcohol craving and the dimensionality of alcohol disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 629-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Keyes ◽  
R. F. Krueger ◽  
B. F. Grant ◽  
D. S. Hasin
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Problems ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Alcohol Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Craving ◽  
Epidemiologic Survey ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundICD-10 includes a craving criterion for alcohol dependence while DSM-IV does not. Little is known about whether craving fits with or improves the DSM-IV criteria set for alcohol-use disorders.MethodData were derived from current drinkers (n=18 352) in the 1991–1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES), a nationally representative survey of US adults >17 years of age. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule was used to assess the eleven DSM-IV dependence and abuse criteria, and alcohol craving. Exploratory factor, item response theory, and regression analyses were used to evaluate the psychometric properties and concurrent validity of DSM-based alcohol disorder criteria with the addition of alcohol craving.ResultsThe past 12-month prevalence of craving was 1.3%. Craving formed part of a unidimensional latent variable that included existing DSM-IV criteria. Craving demonstrated high severity on the alcohol-use disorder continuum, resulting in an improved dimensional model with greater discriminatory ability compared with current DSM-IV criteria. Correlates of the diagnosis did not change with the addition of craving, and past 12-month craving was associated with prior alcohol dependence, depression, and earlier age of alcohol disorder onset among those with current DSM-IV alcohol dependence.ConclusionsThe addition of craving to the existing DSM-IV criteria yields a continuous measure that better differentiates individuals with and without alcohol problems along the alcohol-use disorder continuum. Few individuals are newly diagnosed with alcohol dependence given the addition of craving, indicating construct validity but redundancy with existing criteria.

Alcohol withdrawal symptoms predict corticostriatal dysfunction that is reversed by prazosin treatment in alcohol use disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajita Sinha ◽  
Nia Fogelman ◽  
Stephanie Wemm ◽  
Gustavo Angarita ◽  
Dongju Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms

History of suicidality and alcohol craving trajectories during inpatient treatment for alcohol use disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 107918
Author(s):  
Roshni Janakiraman ◽  
Joshua L. Gowin ◽  
Matthew E. Sloan ◽  
Melanie L. Schwandt ◽  
Nancy Diazgranados ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Inpatient Treatment ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Craving ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Alcohol Use Disorder in the Age of Technology: A Review of Wearable Biosensors in Alcohol Use Disorder Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Davis-Martin ◽  
Sheila M. Alessi ◽  
Edwin D. Boudreaux
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Blood Draw

Biosensors enable observation and understanding of latent physiological occurrences otherwise unknown or invasively detected. Wearable biosensors monitoring physiological constructs across a wide variety of mental and physical health conditions have become an important trend in innovative research methodologies. Within substance use research, explorations of biosensor technology commonly focus on identifying physiological indicators of intoxication to increase understanding of addiction etiology and to inform treatment recommendations. In this review, we examine the state of research in this area as it pertains to treatment of alcohol use disorders specifically highlighting the gaps in our current knowledge with recommendations for future research. Annually, alcohol use disorders affect approximately 15 million individuals. A primary focus of existing wearable technology-based research among people with alcohol use disorders is identifying alcohol intoxication. A large benefit of wearable biosensors for this purpose is they provide continuous readings in a passive manner compared with the gold standard measure of blood alcohol content (BAC) traditionally measured intermittently by breathalyzer or blood draw. There are two primary means of measuring intoxication with biosensors: gait and sweat. Gait changes have been measured via smart sensors placed on the wrist, in the shoe, and mobile device sensors in smart phones. Sweat measured by transdermal biosensors detects the presence of alcohol in the blood stream correlating to BAC. Transdermal biosensors have been designed in tattoos/skin patches, shirts, and most commonly, devices worn on the ankle or wrist. Transdermal devices were initially developed to help monitor court-ordered sobriety among offenders with alcohol use disorder. These devices now prove most useful in continuously tracking consumption throughout clinical trials for behavioral treatment modalities. More recent research has started exploring the uses for physical activity trackers and physiological arousal sensors to guide behavioral interventions for relapse prevention. While research has begun to demonstrate wearable devices' utility in reducing alcohol consumption among individuals aiming to cutdown on their drinking, monitoring sustained abstinence in studies exploring contingency management for alcohol use disorders, and facilitating engagement in activity-based treatment interventions, their full potential to further aid in understanding of, and treatment for, alcohol use disorders has yet to be explored.

scholarly journals Impaired control in heavy drinking and its association with alcohol craving and alcohol use disorder severity

Salud Mental ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Edén Sánchez ◽  
Carlos S. Cruz Fuentes ◽  
Corina Benjet ◽  
María Elena Medina-Mora
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Craving ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Impaired Control ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Impaired control over drinking has been frequently cited in diverse theoretical descriptions regarding harmful alcohol use and is considered a DSM criterion for alcohol use disorder. Differences in the frequency of endorsement of impaired control have been viewed as a reflection of the severity of the problem. Moreover, it has been posited that the ability to place a limit on alcohol consumption may be mediated through enhanced craving. Objective. In this study, we addressed the relationship between impaired control, self-reported craving, and alcohol dependence severity among heavy drinkers. Method. We conducted a latent class analysis of impaired control dimensions (perceived control, failed control, and attempted control) of 208 heavy drinkers. To determine whether the identified classes could represent different forms of severity of the disorder, the best-fit model was contrasted with scores on the Alcohol Dependence Scale. Furthermore, we assessed the relationship between impaired control criteria (using the Impaired Control Scale [ICS]) with alcohol craving. Results. We identified a three-class solution based on impaired control severity. A graded increase of the craving scores and alcohol severity among the three classes was also identified. Only the ICS items comprising perceived control and partially those related to failed control, but not those evaluating attempted control, distinguished the gradient among the latent classes. Discussion and conclusion. This study provides further support of the proposal of a unidimensional continuum of severity among heavy drinkers and strengthens the theoretical relationship between impaired control and alcohol craving.

scholarly journals The Impact of Appetite-Regulating Neuropeptide Leptin on Alcohol Use, Alcohol Craving and Addictive Behavior: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Bach ◽  
Anne Koopmann ◽  
Falk Kiefer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
English Language ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Alcohol Craving ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Aims The appetite regulating hormone leptin, which is mainly secreted from adipose tissue, is an important regulator of food intake and modulator of reward-driven behavior. Leptin exerts its biological actions via binding to the leptin receptor, which is expressed in the hypothalamus, but also in the hippocampus, the amygdala and the substantia nigra. In the ventral tegmental area (VTA), leptin attenuates the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons that project to the Nucleus accumbens (NAc), which serves as relay to other brain areas of the “addiction network”, such as the prefrontal cortex. This suggests that leptin plays a role in the processing of rewards in the context of substance use disorders such as alcohol use disorder, especially through attenuation of dopaminergic activity in the mesolimbic reward system. This supports the plausibility of leptin’s potential effects in alcohol use disorder. Methods We searched MEDLINE from 1990 to February 2020. All abstracts were screened for relevance and we only included publications reporting original data with a full text available in English language. Studies that did not report leptin-data, reviews or case reports/series were not included. Results We identified a total of N=293 studies of whom a total of N=55 preclinical and clinical studies met the specified criteria. N=40 studies investigated the effects of alcohol on leptin plasma levels, N=9 studies investigated the effects of leptin on alcohol craving and N=6 studies investigated the effects of leptin on relapse and alcohol consumption. Conclusions In this review of preclinical and clinical data, we assess the role of leptin in alcohol use and the development and maintenance of an alcohol use disorder, alcohol craving and relapse. Integrating the existing preclinical and clinical data on leptin may reveal new and innovative targets for the treatment of substance use disorders in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document