scholarly journals A Case-Based Review of Cerebral Venous Infarcts With Perfusion Imaging and Comparison to Arterial Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Y. Li ◽  
Elizabeth Tong ◽  
Vivek S. Yedavalli
Keyword(s):  
Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mr Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Venous Infarcts ◽  
Case Based

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) and cerebral venous infarcts (CVI) are diagnostic dilemmas secondary to their rarity, non-specific symptomatology at presentation, and variable imaging features. Despite its relatively infrequence, CVT is particularly prevalent in the younger adult population and is a potentially life-threatening disease with devastating neurological complications if not addressed in a timely manner. However, when treated promptly, CVT has the potential for a more reversible course and favorable prognosis than arterial ischemic strokes (AIS). The pathophysiology of CVI is distinct from that of AIS and is closely related to its potentially reversible nature. Familiarity with the conventional and variant venous anatomy, as well as the temporal evolution of imaging findings, is crucial in establishing diagnostic confidence. The use of MR perfusion imaging (MRP) and arterial spin-labeling (ASL) can potentially aid in the diagnosis of CVT/CVI via characterization of cerebral blood flow. The presence and extent of a cerebral perfusion deficit on either CT or MRI may play a role in clinical outcomes for patients with CVT, although future larger studies must be performed. This review presents a case-based overview focusing on the classic imaging characteristics of CVT and CVI in conjunction with bolus MRP and ASL findings in the adult population.

scholarly journals Characterization of Enhancing MS Lesions by Dynamic Texture Parameter Analysis of Dynamic Susceptibility Perfusion Imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev K. Verma ◽  
Johannes Slotboom ◽  
Cäcilia Locher ◽  
Mirjam R. Heldner ◽  
Christian Weisstanner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Parameter Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Susceptibility ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Dynamic Texture ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Texture Parameter ◽  
Mr Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Texture Parameters ◽  
Main Effects

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to investigate statistical differences with MR perfusion imaging features that reflect the dynamics of Gadolinium-uptake in MS lesions using dynamic texture parameter analysis (DTPA).Methods. We investigated 51 MS lesions (25 enhancing, 26 nonenhancing lesions) of 12 patients. Enhancing lesions (n=25) were prestratified into enhancing lesions with increased permeability (EL+;n=11) and enhancing lesions with subtle permeability (EL−;n=14). Histogram-based feature maps were computed from the raw DSC-image time series and the corresponding texture parameters were analyzed during the inflow, outflow, and reperfusion time intervals.Results. Significant differences (p<0.05) were found between EL+ and EL− and between EL+ and nonenhancing inactive lesions (NEL). Main effects between EL+ versus EL− and EL+ versus NEL were observed during reperfusion (mainly in mean and standard deviation (SD): EL+ versus EL− and EL+ versus NEL), while EL− and NEL differed only in their SD during outflow.Conclusion. DTPA allows grading enhancing MS lesions according to their perfusion characteristics. Texture parameters of EL− were similar to NEL, while EL+ differed significantly from EL− and NEL. Dynamic texture analysis may thus be further investigated as noninvasive endogenous marker of lesion formation and restoration.

scholarly journals Acute-Onset Migrainous Aura Mimicking Acute Stroke: MR Perfusion Imaging Features

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1546-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Floery ◽  
M.R. Vosko ◽  
F.A. Fellner ◽  
C. Fellner ◽  
C. Ginthoer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Mr Perfusion ◽  
Mr Perfusion Imaging

scholarly journals Imaging Features of Superficial and Deep Fibromatoses in the Adult Population

Sarcoma ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Walker ◽  
Jonelle M. Petscavage ◽  
Pamela L. Brian ◽  
Chika Iloanusi Logie ◽  
Kenneth M. Montini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Pulse Sequences ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Plantar Fibromatosis

The fibromatoses are a group of benign fibroblastic proliferations that vary from benign to intermediate in biological behavior. This article will discuss imaging characteristics and patient demographics of the adult type superficial (fascial) and deep (musculoaponeurotic) fibromatoses. The imaging appearance of these lesions can be characteristic (particularly when using magnetic resonance imaging). Palmar fibromatosis demonstrates multiple nodular or band-like soft tissue masses arising from the proximal palmar aponeurosis and extending along the subcutaneous tissues of the finger in parallel to the flexor tendons. T1 and T2-weighted signal intensity can vary from low (higher collagen) to intermediate (higher cellularity), similar to the other fibromatoses. Plantar fibromatosis manifests as superficial lesions along the deep plantar aponeurosis, which typically blend with the adjacent plantar musculature. Linear tails of extension (“fascial tail sign”) along the aponeurosis are frequent. Extraabdominal and abdominal wall fibromatosis often appear as a heterogeneous lesion with low signal intensity bands on all pulse sequences and linear fascial extensions (“fascial tail” sign) with MR imaging. Mesenteric fibromatosis usually demonstrates a soft tissue density on CT with radiating strands projecting into the adjacent mesenteric fat. When imaging is combined with patient demographics, a diagnosis can frequently be obtained.

scholarly journals Multicentric epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of humerus and scapula

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S B Dhanya ◽  
Ramakrishna Narayanan ◽  
Anu Kapoor ◽  
Shantveer G. Uppin
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Bone Lesion ◽  
Vascular Tumor ◽  
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Lytic Lesion ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
The Right

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EH) is a rare malignant vascular tumor occurring mainly in the liver and lungs, with bones being a rare site and primarily seen in the adult population. We present a rare case of multicentric EH in the right humerus in an adolescent male, who presented with complaints of pain and swelling in the right shoulder. Radiographs and Computed tomography showed a large expansile lytic lesion in the proximal end of the right humerus with areas of cortical destruction and matrix calcification. On Magnetic resonance imaging, the lesion was predominantly isointense on T1-weighted image, hyperintense on T2-weighted, and Short Tau Inversion Recovery images with prominent flow voids within. On post-contrast sequences, the lesion showed intense heterogenous enhancement with a non-enhancing central necrotic area. Multiple smaller lytic lesions with similar imaging characteristics were also found in the mid and distal shaft of the right humerus and the right coracoid process. Differentials of Telangiectatic osteosarcoma, Giant cell tumor, brown tumors of hyperparathyroidism, and metastasis were considered. Core biopsy revealed that the lesion was an EH. Though the imaging features of EH are non-specific, it may be considered in the differential diagnosis of an expansile lytic bone lesion with no periosteal reaction, showing cortical break and soft tissue component, especially if it is multifocal and multicentric.

scholarly journals Head and neck osteosarcoma: CT and MR imaging features

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 20190202
Author(s):  
Zhendong Luo ◽  
Weiguo Chen ◽  
Xinping Shen ◽  
Genggeng Qin ◽  
Jianxiang Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Giant Cell ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Matrix Mineralization ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Mri Features ◽  
Signal Intensities ◽  
Ct And Mri

Objective: This study aims to assess the CT and MRI features of head and neck osteosarcoma (HNO). Methods: 37 HNOs were identified, and the following imaging characteristics were reviewed on CT and MRI. Results: A total of 37 patients(age 41.5 ± 15.0 years old; 16 males, 21 females) were included in the study. Tumours occurred in the maxilla (16, 43.2%), mandible (8, 21.6%), skull base (6, 16.2%), calvarium (5, 13.5%), paranasal sinuses (1, 2.7%) and cervical soft tissue (1, 2.7%). 16 patients received radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Three patients (8.1%) developed osteosarcomas related to a primary bone disease. 16 of the (43.2%) tumours demonstrated lytic density on CT scans, followed by 13 (35.1%) showing mixed density and 7 (18.9%) with sclerotic density. Matrix mineralization was present in 32 (86.5%). 3 out of 24 (12.5%) tumours showed lamellar periosteal reactions, 21 out of 24 (87.5%) showed spiculated periosteal reactions. 12 tumours showed low signal intensities on T1WI, with 16 having heterogeneous signal intensities. 10 tumours showed high signal intensities on T2WI, and 18 showed heterogeneous signal intensities. With contrast-enhanced images, 3 tumours showed homogeneous enhancement (2 osteoblastic and 1 giant cell-rich), 18 tumours showed heterogeneous enhancement (13 osteoblastic, 4 fibroblastic and 1 giant cell-rich), and 7 tumours showed peripheral enhancement (6 chondroblastic and 1 osteoblastic). These tumours were characterized by soft tissue masses with a diameter of 5.6 ± 1.8 cm. Conclusions: HNO is a rare condition and is commonly associated with previous radiation exposure. This study provides age, sex distribution, location, CT and MRI features of HNO.

MR perfusion imaging: Half‐dose gadolinium is half the quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Heit ◽  
Soren Christensen ◽  
Michael Mlynash ◽  
Michael P. Marks ◽  
Tobias D. Faizy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Mr Perfusion ◽  
Mr Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Half Dose

scholarly journals Food Allergen Detection Methods: A Coordinated Approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 1383-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Monitoring And Surveillance ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract The levels (1–2%) and increasing severity of allergic responses to food in the adult population are well documented, as is the phenomenon of even higher (3–8%) and apparently increasing incidence in children, albeit that susceptibility decreases with age. Problematic foods include peanut, milk, eggs, tree nuts, and sesame, but the list is growing as awareness continues to rise. The amounts of such foods that can cause allergic reactions is difficult to gauge; however, the general consensus is that ingestion of low parts per million is sufficient to cause severe reactions in badly affected individuals. Symptoms can rapidly—within minutes—progress from minor discomfort to severe, even life-threatening anaphylactic shock in those worst affected. Given the combination of high incidence of atopy, potential severity of response, and apparently widespread instances of “hidden” allergens in the food supply, it is not surprising that this issue is increasingly subject to legislative and regulatory scrutiny. In order to assist in the control of allergen levels in foods to acceptable levels, analysts require a combination of test methods, each designed to produce accurate, timely, and cost-effective analytical information. Such information contributes significantly to Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point programs to determine food manufacturers’ risk and improves the accuracy of monitoring and surveillance by food industry, commercial, and enforcement laboratories. Analysis thereby facilitates improvements in compliance with labeling laws with concomitant reductions in risks to atopic consumers. This article describes a combination of analytical approaches to fulfill the various needs of these 3 analytical communities.

scholarly journals Valproate semisodium-induced encephalopathy: diet and polypharmacy interactions

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuno Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Ângela Venâncio
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Valproate Semisodium ◽  
Bipolar I Disorder ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Life Threatening Complication

SummaryDespite extensive use of valproate in neurology and psychiatry, valproate-induced encephalopathy is a rarely reported complication. Although initially reported in the paediatric population, case reports are growing in the adult population.Clinicians need to be aware of this potentially life-threatening complication. We report a case in a 37-year-old woman with bipolar I disorder with previously uncomplicated valproate use, who developed encephalopathy when valproate was restarted a few years later. The patient has provided consent for publication.

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