scholarly journals Integrated Biotechnology Management of Biosolids: Sustainable Ways to Produce Value—Added Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasanth Kumar Vaithyanathan ◽  
Hubert Cabana
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Worldwide Production ◽  
Value Added Products

Biosolids (BS) are organic dry matter produced from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The current yearly worldwide production of BS is estimated to be around 100–125 million tons and is expected to continuously increase to around 150–200 million tons by 2025. Wastewater treatment industries across the globe strive to achieve a green and sustainable manufacturing base for the management of enormous amounts of municipal BS, which are rich in nutrients and organic dry matter along with contaminants. The management of these organic-rich wastes through environmentally friendly recovery technologies is a major challenge. The need to improve waste biomass disposal by biological development and develop more economically viable processes has led to a focus on the transformation of waste resources into value-added products (VAP). This paper assesses the leading disposal methods (based on volume and contaminant reduction) and reviews the state of biotechnological processes for VAP recovery from municipal wastewater sludge (untreated solid waste residual) and BS (stabilized solid waste which meets criteria for its use in land). A review of the anaerobic and aerobic digestion processes is presented to provide a holistic overview of this growing research field. Furthermore, the paper also sheds light on the pollutant reduction and resource recovery approaches for enzymes, bioflocculants, bioplastics, biopesticides, and biogas as a mean to represent BS as a potential opportunity for WWTPs. However, only a few technologies have been implemented for VAP resource recovery and a shift from WWTPs to waste resource recovery facilities is still far from being achieved.

scholarly journals Optimization of a pretreatment and hydrolysis process for the efficient recovery of recycled sugars and unknown compounds from agricultural sweet sorghum bagasse stem pith solid waste

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ting Jiang ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
Zi-Wei Shi ◽  
Zhi-Jun Xin
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alkali Concentration ◽  
Sweet Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Amorphous Cellulose ◽  
Sorghum Bagasse ◽  
Value Added Products

Background Sweet sorghum bagasse (SSB), comprising both a dermal layer and pith, is a solid waste generated by agricultural activities. Open burning was previously used to treat agricultural solid waste but is harmful to the environment and human health. Recent reports showed that certain techniques can convert this agricultural waste into valuable products. While SSB has been considered an attractive raw material for sugar extraction and the production of value-added products, the pith root in the SSB can be difficult to process. Therefore, it is necessary to pretreat bagasse before conventional hydrolysis. Methods A thorough analysis and comparison of various pretreatment methods were conducted based on physicochemical and microscopic approaches. The responses of agricultural SSB stem pith with different particle sizes to pretreatment temperature, acid and alkali concentration and enzyme dosage were investigated to determine the optimal pretreatment. The integrated methods are beneficial to the utilization of carbohydrate-based and unknown compounds in agricultural solid waste. Results Acid (1.5−4.5%, v/v) and alkali (5−8%, w/v) reagents were used to collect cellulose from different meshes of pith at 25–100 °C. The results showed that the use of 100 mesh pith soaked in 8% (w/v) NaOH solution at 100 °C resulted in 32.47% ± 0.01% solid recovery. Follow-up fermentation with 3% (v/v) acid and 6.5% (w/v) alkali at 50 °C for enzymolysis was performed with the optimal enzyme ratio. An analysis of the surface topography and porosity before and after pretreatment showed that both the pore size of the pith and the amount of exposed cellulose increased as the mesh size increased. Interestingly, various compounds, including 42 compounds previously known to be present and 13 compounds not previously known to be present, were detected in the pretreatment liquid, while 10 types of monosaccharides, including D-glucose, D-xylose and D-arabinose, were found in the enzymatic solution. The total monosaccharide content of the pith was 149.48 ± 0.3 mg/g dry matter. Discussion An integrated technique for obtaining value-added products from sweet sorghum pith is presented in this work. Based on this technique, lignin and hemicellulose were effectively broken down, amorphous cellulose was obtained and all sugars in the sweet sorghum pith were hydrolysed into monosaccharides. A total of 42 compounds previously found in these materials, including alcohol, ester, acid, alkene, aldehyde ketone, alkene, phenolic and benzene ring compounds, were detected in the pretreatment pith. In addition, several compounds that had not been previously observed in these materials were found in the pretreatment solution. These findings will improve the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass into sugar to create a high-value-added coproduct during the integrated process and to maximize the potential utilization of agricultural waste in current biorefinery processing.

Wastewater sludge treatment at the municipal wastewater treatment facilities with the purpose of its further utilization

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Ю.А. Егорова ◽  
В.И. Кичигин ◽  
О.И. Нестеренко ◽  
А.А. Юдин
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Technological Waste ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Осадки городских очистных канализационных сооружений являются самым массовым технологическим отходом, создающим проблемы утилизации для любого города. Рассмотрены возможные методы обработки осадков сточных вод на городских очистных канализационных сооружениях городского округа Самара с целью их последующей утилизации. Обозначены причины и приведены документальные подтверждениянекорректности возложения ответственности за обращение с такими отходами только на организации водопроводно-канализационного хозяйства. Рассмотрен способ захоронения обезвоженного осадка сточных вод в обвалованном полигоне. Установлено, что обработанные на очистных сооружениях осадки относятся к V классу опасности для окружающей среды. Обработанные, стабилизированные, подсушенные, обезвреженные отходы осадков сточных вод (малоопасный осадок с песколовок при очистке хозяйственно-бытовых и смешанных сточных вод, практически не опасный осадок с песколовок при очистке хозяйственно-бытовых и смешанных сточных вод и избыточный ил биологических очистных сооружений в смеси с сырым осадком) могут быть использованы в качестве наполнителей бетонно-цементных смесей и органоминеральных удобрений или переданы для утилизации сторонним организациям. Sludge from the municipal wastewater treatment facilities is the most massive technological waste that causes trouble for any city. Possible methods of wastewater sludge treatment at the municipal wastewater treatment facilities of the Samara Urban District with the purpose of its further utilization are considered. The reasons are indicated and documentary evidence of the incorrectness of assigning the responsibility for processing such wastes only to the water and wastewater utilities is provided. The method of landfilling dewatered wastewater sludge in a ridged landfill is considered. It has been established that the sludge processed at the wastewater treatment facilities is referred to the V class of environmental hazard. Sludge subjected to the treatment, stabilization, drying and neutralization (low hazardous sludge from grit chambers for domestic and mixed wastewater treatment; almost non-hazardous sludge from grit chambers for domestic and mixed wastewater treatment and excess sludge from biological treatment facilities mixed with raw sludge) can be used as fillers for concrete-cement mixtures and organo-mineral fertilizers or transferred for disposal to outside companies.

Facile activation of lithium slag for the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite A with commercial quality and high removal efficiency for the isotope of radioactive 90Sr

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binyu Wang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Xue Zhou ◽  
Wenfeng Hao ◽  
Shaoqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
Lithium Slag ◽  
Value Added Products

With the quick development of lithium industry, a large amount of solid waste of lithium slag are produced. Making high value-added products from lithium slag can not only alleviate the...

Value Added Products from Wastewater Sludge: A Road to Sustainability

2009 ◽  
pp. 37-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satinder K. Brar ◽  
M. Verma ◽  
R. D. Tyagi ◽  
R. Y. Surampalli
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Value Added Products

scholarly journals Epidemiological risks of endoparasitoses spread by municipal waste water

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dudlová ◽  
P. Juriš ◽  
P. Jarčuška ◽  
L. Čisláková ◽  
I. Papajová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Indirect Detection ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Epidemiological Aspect ◽  
Helminth Eggs

AbstractThe occurrence of developmental stages of endoparasite germs (cysts, oocysts, protozoa, and helminth eggs) as an indirect detection factor of endoparasitoses circulation in the environment, was examined in raw municipal wastewater, sludge and biologically cleaned waste water. Examination of municipal wastewater and sludge from five monitored wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in east Slovakia, from various fractions of municipal wastewater, confirmed 35.87 % positivity of samples for the endoparasitic germs. Among of all analysed samples 11.09 % were protozoan oo(cysts) and 20.87 % were helminth eggs. 3.91 % of samples showed positivity to both the helminth eggs and protozoan oo(cysts). In the raw wastewater the protozoa comprised of Giardia spp. (1.08 %) and Entamoeba spp. (1.08 %). The helminth eggs primarily consisted of Ascaris spp. (4.35 %) and strongyle-type eggs (3.26 %). No germs of protozoa or helminths were found in the treated wastewater. However, the highest presence of the germs was found in drained stabilised sludge. The average number of oo(cysts)/kg was 2.86±0.24 and the average number of helminth eggs/kg was 5.77±0.09. In all kinds of sludge, obtained during the process of wastewater treatment, there were protozoan (Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba spp.) and helminths eggs (Ascaris spp., Trichuris spp., Taenia spp., Hymenolepis spp., or strongyle-type eggs) presented. In drained (condensed) stabilised sludge the eggs of Capillaria spp. and Toxocara spp. were also detected. From the epidemiological aspect the sewage sludge, due to high concentration of protozoal oo(cysts) or helminth eggs, represents a significant epidemiological risk for the endoparasitoses dissemination.

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