Climate Change Effects on Aquaculture Production: Sustainability Implications, Mitigation, and Adaptations

Aquaculture continues to significantly expand its production, making it the fastest-growing food production sector globally. However, the sustainability of the sector is at stake due to the predicted effects of climate change that are not only a future but also a present reality. In this paper, we review the potential effects of climate change on aquaculture production and its implications on the sector's sustainability. Various elements of a changing climate, such as rising temperatures, sea-level rise, diseases and harmful algal blooms, changes in rainfall patterns, the uncertainty of external inputs supplies, changes in sea surface salinity, and severe climatic events have been discussed. Furthermore, several adaptation options have been presented as well as some gaps in existing knowledge that require further investigations. Overall, climate change effects and implications on aquaculture production sustainability are expected to be both negative and positive although, the negative effects outweigh the positive ones. Adapting to the predicted changes in the short-term while taking mitigation measures in the long-term could be the only way toward sustaining the sector's production. However, successful adaptation will depend on the adaptive capacity of the producers in different regions of the world.

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Anticipated human population and climate change effects on algal blooms of a toxic haptophyte in the south-central USA1This article is derived from a special session entitled “A New Hydrology: Inflow Effects on Ecosystem Form and Functioning” that took place at the February 2011 ASLO Aquatic Sciences conference in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f2012-019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (8) ◽

pp. 1389-1404 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Daniel L. Roelke ◽

Bryan W. Brooks ◽

James P. Grover ◽

George M. Gable ◽

Leslie Schwierzke-Wade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Harmful Algal Blooms ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

Human Population ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Prymnesium Parvum ◽

Climate Change Effects ◽

South Central ◽

Resource Managers ◽

Aquatic Sciences

Effects of inflow on phytoplankton dynamics and assemblage structure have long been an interest of ecologists and resource managers, especially when they are linked to the incidence of harmful algal blooms. The frequency and magnitude of Prymnesium parvum bloom-preventing inflows likely in a drier landscape of south-central USA was explored, along with the relative importance of various factors important to blooms. We show that the number of large inflow events necessary to prevent blooms might decrease between 25% and 65% under drier conditions likely for this region. Long duration inflow events that are critical to lake flushing could nearly disappear, with inflow events lasting longer than 20 days decreasing 40-fold. These findings suggest that the frequency of P. parvum blooms and fish-kill events might increase in this region with human population and climate change. Multivariate analyses of monitoring data from multiple lakes indicate that other factors may be equally important to bloom occurrences. Inverse trends between toxic bloom events and nutrient concentrations, cyanobacteria, and lower pH are apparent. During periods when P. parvum populations were not toxic, an inverse relationship with zooplankton was observed. These other factors might be harnessed to mitigate P. parvum blooms in the future when inflows are reduced.

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National coastal management challenges and needs

Shore & Beach ◽

10.34237/1008843 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

Nicole Elko ◽

Tiffany Roberts Briggs

Keyword(s):

Coastal Management ◽

Harmful Algal Blooms ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

Local Community ◽

Extreme Event ◽

Technical Information ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Beach Erosion ◽

The U.S

In partnership with the U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program (USGS CMHRP) and the U.S. Coastal Research Program (USCRP), the American Shore and Beach Preservation Association (ASBPA) has identified coastal stakeholders’ top coastal management challenges. Informed by two annual surveys, a multiple-choice online poll was conducted in 2019 to evaluate stakeholders’ most pressing problems and needs, including those they felt most ill-equipped to deal with in their day-to-day duties and which tools they most need to address these challenges. The survey also explored where users find technical information and what is missing. From these results, USGS CMHRP, USCRP, ASBPA, and other partners aim to identify research needs that will inform appropriate investments in useful science, tools, and resources to address today’s most pressing coastal challenges. The 15-question survey yielded 134 complete responses with an 80% completion rate from coastal stakeholders such as local community representatives and their industry consultants, state and federal agency representatives, and academics. Respondents from the East, Gulf, West, and Great Lakes coasts, as well as Alaska and Hawaii, were represented. Overall, the prioritized coastal management challenges identified by the survey were: Deteriorating ecosystems leading to reduced (environmental, recreational, economic, storm buffer) functionality, Increasing storminess due to climate change (i.e. more frequent and intense impacts), Coastal flooding, both Sea level rise and associated flooding (e.g. nuisance flooding, king tides), and Combined effects of rainfall and surge on urban flooding (i.e. episodic, short-term), Chronic beach erosion (i.e. high/increasing long-term erosion rates), and Coastal water quality, including harmful algal blooms (e.g. red tide, sargassum). A careful, systematic, and interdisciplinary approach should direct efforts to identify specific research needed to tackle these challenges. A notable shift in priorities from erosion to water-related challenges was recorded from respondents with organizations initially formed for beachfront management. In addition, affiliation-specific and regional responses varied, such as Floridians concern more with harmful algal blooms than any other human and ecosystem health related challenge. The most common need for additional coastal management tools and strategies related to adaptive coastal management to maintain community resilience and continuous storm barriers (dunes, structures), as the top long-term and extreme event needs, respectively. In response to questions about missing information that agencies can provide, respondents frequently mentioned up-to-date data on coastal systems and solutions to challenges as more important than additional tools.

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Application of a 1 km2 resolution model for climate change effects upon Benin and Nigeria vegetable agriculture

GEOMATICA ◽

10.1139/geomat-2019-0014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 73 (4) ◽

pp. 93-106

Author(s):

Colin Minielly ◽

O. Clement Adebooye ◽

P.B. Irenikatche Akponikpe ◽

Durodoluwa J. Oyedele ◽

Dirk de Boer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Food Security ◽

Field Trials ◽

Development Planning ◽

Climate Modelling ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

Amaranthus Cruentus ◽

Global Issues ◽

Climate Change Effects

Climate change and food security are complex global issues that require multidisciplinary approaches to resolve. A nexus exists between both issues, especially in developing countries, but little prior research has successfully bridged the divide. Existing resolutions to climate change and food security are expensive and resource demanding. Climate modelling is at the forefront of climate change literature and development planning, whereas agronomy research is leading food security plans. The Benin Republic and Nigeria have grown and developed in recent years but may not have all the tools required to implement and sustain long-term food security in the face of climate change. The objective of this paper is to describe the development and outputs of a new model that bridges climate change and food security. Data from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s 5th Regional Assessment (IPCC AR5) were combined with a biodiversity database to develop the model to derive these outputs. The model was used to demonstrate what potential impacts climate change will have on the regional food security by incorporating agronomic data from four local underutilized indigenous vegetables (Amaranthus cruentus L., Solanum macrocarpon L., Telfairia occidentalis Hook f., and Ocimum gratissimum L.). The model shows that, by 2099, there is significant uncertainty within the optimal recommendations that originated from the MicroVeg project. This suggests that MicroVeg will not have long-term success for food security unless additional options (e.g., new field trials, shifts in vegetable grown) are considered, creating the need for need for more dissemination tools.

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Projecting conflict risk following the Shared Socioeconomic pathways: what role for water stress and climate?

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-101 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sophie de Bruin ◽

Jannis Hoch ◽

Nina von Uexkull ◽

Halvard Buhaug ◽

Nico Wanders

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

At Risk ◽

Machine Learning Techniques ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Related Factors ◽

Socioeconomic Impacts ◽

Learning Techniques ◽

The Future ◽

Conflict Risk

The socioeconomic impacts of&#160;changes in climate-related&#160;and&#160;hydrology-related factors&#160;are increasingly&#160;acknowledged&#160;to affect&#160;the&#160;on-set&#160;of&#160;violent&#160;conflict.&#160;Full consensus&#160;upon&#160;the general&#160;mechanisms&#160;linking&#160;these&#160;factors&#160;with conflict&#160;is,&#160;however,&#160;still limited.&#160;The absence of full&#160;understanding&#160;of&#160;the non-linearities&#160;between all components and the lack of sufficient data make it&#160;therefore&#160;hard to address violent conflict risk on the long-term.&#160;Although it is&#160;neither&#160;desirable nor feasible&#160;to make exact predictions,&#160;projections are a viable means&#160;to provide&#160;insights into potential&#160;future&#160;conflict risks&#160;and uncertainties thereof.&#160;Hence, making&#160;different&#160;projections is a&#8239;legitimate&#8239;way to deal with and understand these uncertainties, since the construction of diverse scenarios delivers insights into&#160;possible realizations of the future.&#160;&#160;Through&#160;machine learning techniques, we&#8239;(re)assess the major drivers of conflict&#160;for the current situation&#160;in Africa, which are&#160;then&#160;applied to project the regions-at-risk following&#160;different&#160;scenarios.&#160;The model shows to accurately reproduce observed historic patterns leading to a&#160;high ROC score of&#160;0.91.&#160;We show that&#160;socio-economic factors&#160;are&#160;most dominant&#160;when&#160;projecting&#160;conflicts&#160;over&#160;the African continent.&#160;The projections show that there is an&#160;overall&#160;reduction in conflict risk&#160;as a result of&#160;increased&#160;economic welfare that&#160;offsets&#160;the&#160;adverse&#160;impacts&#160;of&#160;climate change and&#160;hydrologic variables.&#160;It must be noted, however, that these projections are based on current relations.&#160;In case the relations of drivers and conflict change in the future, the resulting&#160;regions-at-risk may change too.&#160;&#160; By identifying the most prominent drivers,&#160;conflict risk&#160;mitigation measures can be tuned more accurately to reduce the direct and indirect consequences of climate change&#160;on&#160;the population in Africa.&#160;As new and improved&#160;data becomes available, the model can be updated for more robust projections of conflict risk in Africa under climate change.

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Long-Term Ecological Research in the Nakdong River: Application of Ecological Informatics to Harmful Algal Blooms

Ecological Informatics ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-59928-1_20 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 435-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dong-Gyun Hong ◽

Kwang-Seuk Jeong ◽

Dong-Kyun Kim ◽

Gea-Jae Joo

Keyword(s):

Harmful Algal Blooms ◽

Algal Blooms ◽

Ecological Research ◽

Nakdong River ◽

Long Term Ecological Research ◽

The Nakdong River

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OPTIONS FOR ASSESSING THE SUITABILITY OF URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL ACUPUNCTURE

10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/01 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara Vojvodíková ◽

Jiří Kupka ◽

Adéla Brázdová ◽

Radim Fojtík ◽

Iva Tichá

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Small Scale ◽

Financial Sustainability ◽

Technical Solution ◽

The City

To increase their resilience to climate change, cities are looking to apply elements of urban environmental acupuncture. The essence of such measures is many smaller sites that is functioning as mitigation measures. Many of these small places then create a large overall effect. The advantage of these small-scale measures is that they can be in densely populated areas The assessment tool described in this paper is designed for city representatives and is an aid to assess the suitability of applying a particular measure based on the parameters described. The evaluation itself then helps to decide whether the solution is suitable for a particular site or whether any of the parameters need to be adjusted to make it suitable, or whether it would be appropriate to change the proposed solution. The intention of the evaluation is not to assess the technical solution but relies primarily on the location, long-term (especially financial) sustainability and acceptance by the citizens of the city. The paper presents an example of the application of the evaluation to four sites in city Liptovský Mikuláš, describing the results and identifying parameters that can be improved to ensure the urban environmental acupuncture is accepted by citizens and thus future-proofed.

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