scholarly journals Transport of Young Veal Calves: Effects of Pre-transport Diet, Transport Duration and Type of Vehicle on Health, Behavior, Use of Medicines, and Slaughter Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Marcato ◽  
Henry van den Brand ◽  
Bas Kemp ◽  
Bas Engel ◽  
Maaike Wolthuis-Fillerup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Collective Effects ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Veal Calves ◽  
And Behavior

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of different early life transport-related factors on health, behavior, use of medicines and slaughter characteristics of veal calves. An experiment was conducted with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 factors: (1) provision of rearing milk or electrolytes before transport, (2) transport duration (6 or 18 h), and (3) type of vehicle (open truck or conditioned truck). The study included male Holstein-Friesian and cross-bred calves (N = 368; 18 ± 4 days; 45.3 ± 3.3 kg). Data on health status of calves were collected at the collection center and at the veal farm until week 27 post-transport. Behavior of calves was recorded during transport and at the veal farm until week 13 post-transport. Use of herd and individual medical treatments was recorded at the veal farm. The prevalence of loose or liquid manure at the veal farm from day 1 until week 3 post-transport was lower in electrolyte-fed calves transported in the conditioned truck compared to electrolytes-fed calves transported in the open truck or milk-fed calves transported in both the conditioned and open truck (Δ = 11% on average; P = 0.02). In comparison with the open truck, calves transported in the conditioned truck had lower prevalence of navel inflammation in the first 3 weeks post-transport (Δ = 3 %; P = 0.05). More milk-fed calves received individual antibiotic treatments compared to electrolyte-fed calves at the veal farm (P = 0.05). In conclusion, the transport-related factors examined in the present study affected health and behavior of calves in the short-term, but there was no evidence for long-term effects. It remains unknown why no long-term effects were found in this study. Perhaps this absence of transport-related effects was due to multiple use of medical treatments in the first weeks at the veal farm. Alternatively, it might be that the collective effects of the transition from the dairy farm to the veal farm, and of the husbandry conditions during the subsequent rearing period, on the adaptive capacity of calves were so large that effects of individual transport-related factors were overruled.

scholarly journals Language in Preterm Born Children: Atypical Development and Effects of Early Interventions on Neuroplasticity

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Vandormael ◽  
Lucie Schoenhals ◽  
Petra S. Hüppi ◽  
Manuela Filippa ◽  
Cristina Borradori Tolsa
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Atypical Development ◽  
Preterm Born ◽  
And Behavior

Predicting language performances after preterm birth is challenging. It is described in the literature that early exposure to the extrauterine environment can be either detrimental or advantageous for neurodevelopment. However, the emphasis mostly lies on the fact that preterm birth may have an unfavorable effect on numerous aspects of development such as cognition, language, and behavior. Various studies reported atypical language development in preterm born children in the preschool years but also in school-aged children and adolescents. This review gives an overview of the course of language development and examines how prematurity can lead to atypical linguistic performances. In this paper, we mainly focus on environmental and neurophysiological factors influencing preterm infant neuroplasticity with potential short- and long-term effects on language development. Further research, however, should focus on examining the possible benefits that early exposure might entail.

scholarly journals Hemifacial Microsomia: A Mini Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shilpa Ashok Sharma ◽  
Sayali Vikram Pagar Patil ◽  
Anupama Mudhol ◽  
Jyothi Shashidhar
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Hemifacial Microsomia ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Mandibular Hypoplasia ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Derivatives Of

Hemifacial Microsomia (HFM) is a congenital anomaly involving embryological derivatives of the first and second branchial arches and characterized mainly by mandibular hypoplasia and unilateral or bilateral microtia; although, other facial structures may be affected. It may have long-term effects on psychological development and social well-being, due to unaesthetic facial appearance, functional disturbances and complex medical treatments.

scholarly journals Programming effects of peripubertal stress on spatial learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tzanoulinou ◽  
E. Gantelet ◽  
C. Sandi ◽  
C. Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Learning ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Corticosterone Response ◽  
Important Time ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractExposure to adversity during early life can have profound influences on brain function and behavior later in life. The peripubertal period is emerging as an important time-window of susceptibility to stress, with substantial evidence documenting long-term consequences in the emotional and social domains. However, little is known about how stress during this period impacts subsequent cognitive functioning. Here, we assessed potential long-term effects of peripubertal stress on spatial learning and memory using the water maze task. In addition, we interrogated whether individual differences in stress-induced behavioral and endocrine changes are related to the degree of adaptation of the corticosterone response to repeated stressor exposure during the peripubertal period. We found that, when tested at adulthood, peripubertally stressed animals displayed a slower learning rate. Strikingly, the level of spatial orientation in the water maze completed on the last training day was predicted by the degree of adaptation of the recovery -and not the peak-of the corticosterone response to stressor exposure (i.e., plasma levels at 60 min post-stressor) across the peripubertal stress period. In addition, peripubertal stress led to changes in emotional and glucocorticoid reactivity to novelty exposure, as well as in the expression levels of the plasticity molecule PSA-NCAM in the hippocampus. Importantly, by assessing the same endpoints in another peripubertally stressed cohort tested during adolescence, we show that the observed effects at adulthood are the result of a delayed programming manifested at adulthood and not protracted effects of stress. Altogether, our results support the view that the degree of stress-induced adaptation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness at the important transitional period of puberty relates to the long-term programming of cognition, behavior and endocrine reactivity.

Short and long-term effects of bisphenol S (BPS) exposure during pregnancy and lactation on plasma lipids, hormones, and behavior in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 312-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Souza da Silva ◽  
Carla Bruna Pietrobon ◽  
Iala Milene Bertasso ◽  
Bruna Pereira Lopes ◽  
Janaine Cavalcanti Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bisphenol S ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy ◽  
And Behavior
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